1、考研英语-235 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Speech, whether oral or written, is a used commodity. If we are to be heard, we must U(1) /U our words fr
2、om those U(2) /U to us within families, peer groups, societal institutions, and political networks. Our utterances position us both in an immediate social dialogue U(3) /U our addressee and, simultaneously, in a larger ideological one U(4) /U by history and society. We speak as an individual and als
3、o, as a student or teacher, a husband or wife, a person of a particular discipline, social class, religion, race, or other socially constructed U(5) /U. Thus, to varying degrees, all speaking is a U(6) /U of others words and all writing is rewriting. As language U(7) /U, we experience individual age
4、ncy by infusing our own intentions U(8) /U other peoples words, and this can be very hard.U (9) /U, schools, like into churches and courtrooms, are places U(10) /U people speak words that are more important than they are. The words of a particular discipline, like those of “God the father“ or of “th
5、e law,“ are being articulated by spokespeople for the given authority. The U(11) /U of the addressed, the listener, is to acknowledge the words and their U(12) /U. In Bakhtins U(13) /U, “the authoritative word is located in a distanced zone, organically connected with a U(14) /U that is felt to be h
6、ierarchally higher.“U (15) /U, part of growing up in an ideological sense is becoming more “selective“ about the words we appropriate and, U(16) /U, pass on to others. In Bakhtins U(17) /U, responsible people do not treat U(18) /U as givens, they treat them as utterances, spoken by particular people
7、 located in specific ways in the social landscape. Becoming alive to the socio-ideological complexity of language use is U(19) /U to becoming a more responsive language user and, potentially, a more playful one too, able to use a U(20) /U of social voices, of perspectives, in articulating ones own i
8、deas.（分数：10.00）A.inventB.appropriateC.coinD.changeA.essentialB.attainableC.usableD.availableA.throughB.byC.withD.inA.createdB.avowedC.inventedD.attestedA.scheduleB.categoryC.archivesD.indexA.rewritingB.recreatingC.relearningD.revoicingA.usersB.learnersC.studentsD.educatorsA.out ofB.ontoC.away fromD.
9、intoA.TraditionallyB.SimilarlyC.HoweverD.StrangelyA.in whereB.in thatC.in whichD.whatA.characterB.roleC.functionD.userA.understandingB.denotationC.senseD.significanceA.termsB.viewsC.discourseD.opinionsA.pastB.presentC.futureD.ancient timeA.BecauseB.BedsidesC.FurthermoreD.And yetA.in contraryB.in con
10、trastC.in turnD.in returnA.argumentB.pointsC.termsD.viewA.wordB.a wordC.the wordD.wordsA.sensibleB.criticalC.emergentD.urgentA.differenceB.colorfulnessC.diversityD.variation二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c
11、hoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BMore and more people are starting to work from home, re-assessing their “work-life balance“ and capitalising on what industry calls “remote working“. A recent survey of British companies showed that eight out of ten businesses have n
12、ow agreed new working arrangements for their personnel. The object of the exercise was to improve the work-life Balance of employees and encourage greater levels of efficiency. During 2003/2004, some 900,000 requests to work flexibly were made under a new Government scheme and 800,000 of the applica
13、tions were granted. Furthermore, seven out of ten businesses said that they also would be prepared to consider flexible working requests from other staff who did not qualify under the Government scheme.One of the new technological developments that makes remote working possible is the Asymmetrical D
14、igital Subscriber Line (ADSL), broadband that can carry both voice and data at high-speed. Remote workers can connect to their companys Virtual Private Network either through Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) internet, which is permanently connected, or through a Remote Access Service (RAS), which invol
15、ves having to dial in each time. “People started thinking about remote working back in the Eighties but the technology was not available to consider it a possibility,“ says Meyrick Vevers, Commercial Director of Telewest Broadband, one of UKs communication and media groups. “However, now with the in
16、creased availability and use of DSL to home users, remote working is definitely on the increase.“ Of course, security is very important and IT directors are understandably cautious. But they are now beginning to feel more comfortable about allowing their staff a higher level of access from home.Tele
17、west Businesss experience in putting together product solutions is based on the companys focus on understanding their customers needs. Because customers needs are diverse and Telewest Businesss possible solutions are wide-ranging, the company invites businesses seeking further information to visit t
18、heir web site or call direct. Call centre workers, mobile staff, such as sales executives and local authority social workers or parents at home, are among those for whom remote working appears to be increasingly attractive.“People in industry in the UK have some of the longest working hours in the w
19、orld,“ says Vevers. “Doing those hours solely in the office is more disruptive to the personal life of the individual than having the flexibility to work from home.“ “Remote working is all about personal choice and giving people more flexibility that suits their personal lives. At Telewest Business,
20、 we aim to try and help play a part in enabling companies to give their employees that flexibility.“（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “capitalising on“ (Line 2, Para.1) can be substituted by（分数：2.00）A.investing money in.B.specializing in.C.insisting upon.D.making use of.(2).According to the passage, remote w
21、orking（分数：2.00）A.rids people of the work which is required of them in the office.B.requires the users to dial into the companys Virtual Private Network.C.might be available for those not included in the government scheme.D.was brought to peoples minds by advancement of broadwidth tech.(3).IT directo
22、rs feel comfortable because（分数：2.00）A.safeguards are no longer really necessary.B.the remote workforce is expanding rapidly.C.they are more confident of their networks safety.D.their staff get easier access to the internet.(4).The example of Telewest is mentioned to show that（分数：2.00）A.the Business
23、eliminates the unbalance of peoples life.B.its hard to please peoples various desires.C.the Business is sophisticated in luring customers.D.the diverse demands for remote working are being met.(5).The best title for the passage might be（分数：2.00）A.Remote Working Is In.B.Telecommunication Tech Is Ever
24、 Improving.C.Work-Life Balance Needs to Be Kept.D.Technology Makes Remote Working a Reality.BText 2/BScientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done dealdue in large part to heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans already have pumped skyward. Now, however, researchers are flesh
25、ing out how much future warming and sea-level rise the world has triggered. The implicit message: “We cant stop this, so how do we live with it?“ says Thomas Wigley, a climate researcher at NCAR.One group, led by Gerald Meehl at NCAR, used two state-of-the-art climate models to explore what could ha
26、ppen if the world had held atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases steady since 2000. The results: Even if the world had slammed on the brakes five years ago, global average temperatures would rise by about 1 degree Fahrenheit by the end of the 21st century. Sea levels would rise by another 4
27、 inches over 20th-century increases. Rising sea-levels would continue well beyond 2100, even without adding water from melting glaciers and ice sheets. The rise highlights the oceans enormous capacity to absorb heat and its slow reaction to changes in atmospheric conditions.The team ran each model s
28、everal times with a range of “what if“ concentrations, as well as observed concentrations, for comparison. Temperatures eventually level out, Dr. Meehl says in reviewing his teams results. “But sea-level increases keep ongoing. The relentless nature of sea-level rise is pretty daunting.“ Dr. Wigley
29、took a slightly different approach with a simpler model. He ran simulations that capped concentrations, at 2000 levels. If concentrations are held constant, warming could exceed 1.8 degrees F. by 2400. The two researchers add that far from holding steady, concentrations of greenhouse gases continue
30、to rise. Thus, at best, the results point to the least change people can expect, they say.The idea that some level of global climate change from human activities is inevitable is not new. But the word has been slow to make its way into the broader debate. “Many people dont realize we are committed r
31、ight now to a significant amount of global warming and sea-level rise. The longer we wait, the more climate change we are committed to in the future,“ Meehl says.While the concept of climate-change commitment isnt new, these fresh results “tell us whats possible and whats realistic“ and that for the
32、 immediate future, “prevention is not on the table,“ says Roger Pielke Jr., director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research. To Pielke and others, this means adaptation should be given a much higher priority that its received to date. “Theres a cultural bias in favor of prevention,
33、“ he says. But any sound policy includes preparation as well, he adds. “We have the scientific and technological knowledge we need to improve adaptation and apply that knowledge globally.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the research of NCAR, if the concentrations were held steady at 2000 levels,（分数：2.00）
34、A.the oceans capacity to absorb heat would decline.B.the sea-level would keep on increasing.C.the global average temperature would decrease.D.significant climate change would not take place.(2).Global warming is something（分数：2.00）A.getting worse because of a culture bias.B.caused by the rise of the
35、sea level.C.people have to live with.D.we dont need to worry about in the future.(3).By “at best, the results point to the least change people can expect“, (Lines 78, Paragraph 3) the researchers try to tell us that（分数：2.00）A.the impact of climate change is relatively minor.B.the global warming is i
36、nevitable in the near future.C.concentrations of greenhouse gases cannot be held steady.D.the atmospheric conditions will be better than people think.(4).The views of Pielke and Dr. Wigley on how to face global warming are（分数：2.00）A.unrelated.B.similar.C.complementary.D.opposite.(5).The author write
37、s this passage to（分数：2.00）A.call on people to prevent global warming.B.present the results from two research models.C.appeal to people to take adaptation as priority.D.forecast the future trends of global warming.BText 3/BTom Burke recently tried to print out a boarding pass from home before one of
38、the frequent flights he takes. He couldnt. His name, or one similar to it, is now on one of the Transportation Security Administrations terrorist watch lists.Every day, thousands of people like Burke find themselves unable to do things like print a boarding pass and are pulled aside for extensive sc
39、reening because their name, or a name that sounds like theirs, is on one of the watch lists. From the TSAs perspective, the screening is just one of the many new layers of increased security that are designed to prevent terrorist activity. The inconvenience is regrettable, but a price that society h
40、as to pay for security. And for national security reasons, the FBI and other government agencies responsible for supplying names to the lists will not disclose the criteria they use. They say that would amount to tipping their hands to the terrorists.But civil libertarians are more concerned about t
41、he long-term consequence of the current lists. On Sept. 11,2001, the no-fly list contained 16 names. Now, the combined lists are estimated to have as many as 20,000. Internal FBI memos from agents referred to the process as “really confused“ and “not comprehensive and not centralized. Burke and othe
42、rs contend that such comments are disturbing, because it was during the first year after the attacks that the watch lists grew exponentially.“The underlying danger is not that Tom Burke can no longer get a boarding pass to get on an airline,“ says a lawyer. “Its that the Tom Burkes in the world may
43、forever more be associated (with the terrorist watch list).“ Burke says they do know that the lists are frequenty updated and distributed internationally, but they dont know how the old lists are destroyed. They also hope to ensure that sometime in the future a person whose name is on the list, but
44、is not a terrorist, does not run into further trouble if, say, law enforcement in another country that theyre visiting comes across their name on one of the old lists.In addition, airlines are concerned that the lists are not updated frequently enough. “Weve been encouraging the TSA to work with all
45、 of the other federal law-enforcement agencies to get a regular review of the names that they submit to TSA, because there have been reports that these agencies have said that if there was a review, many of the names could be removed,“ says Diana Cronin of the Air Transport Association.（分数：10.00）(1)
46、.The number of names on the no-fly list increases rapidly from 16 to 20,000 most probably because（分数：2.00）A.terrorist attacks are launched frequently.B.many peoples names are similar to known terrorists.C.the screening system is not effective enough.D.terrorists are not accurately identified after 9
47、11.(2).In the eyes of the TSA, the current system is（分数：2.00）A.inconvenient and pointless.B.reasonable but imperfect.C.effective and praiseworthy.D.necessary but impractical.(3).The attitudes of FBI and Burke towards the reliability of the no-fly list are（分数：2.00）A.similar.B.opposite.C.confusing.D.a
48、mbiguous.(4).According to paragraph 4, Burkes great concern about the current system is that（分数：2.00）A.the system fails to update internationally.B.he is often mistaken for a terrorist.C.the damage done by the list cannot be quickly corrected.D.getting his boarding pass will often take more time.(5)
49、.The airlines may be satisfied if the TSA can（分数：2.00）A.distribute the no-fly lists before a flight.B.revise the terrorist watch lists more often.C.prevent terrorists from boarding airplanes.D.abolish the current terrorist screening system.BText 4/BPeople, like most animals, are naturally lazy. So the ascent of mankind is someth
