1、考研英语-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Your eye is a window on the nerves and blood vessels, revealing vital information about your entire body.
2、AnU (1) /Uexam starts from the outside and works in. First the ophthalmologist (眼科医生) gaugesU (2) /Uwith the familiar wall chart and checks visual field by moving objects in and out ofU (3) /U. A limited visual field could be theU (4) /Uof the high inner eye pressure of glaucoma(青光眼)orU (5) /Ua tumo
3、r pressing on nerves leading from the eye. The physician also checks for infection around the lashes and notes how fast the lids follow the eyes downward. Lid lag sometimesU (6) /Uthyroid disease (甲状腺疾病).If one pupil contractsU (7) /Uthe other doesnt, the physician isU (8) /Uto the fact thatU (9) /U
4、a tumor or stroke, perhaps, has damaged the nerves between the eye and brain. A tumor as far awayU (10) /Uthe lung can cause capillary problems by hitting a nerve that loops through the neck.The white of the eye, tear ducts, lens and retina (视网膜) are checked forU (11) /Uof trouble. Too many white bl
5、ood cellsU (12) /Uinflammation, blood means tissue has tom or a vessel has burst, and deposits ofU (13) /Umaterial can mean eye disease. The orange-red retina holds many moreU (14) /Ufor disease detection. High blood pressure may announce itsU (15) /Uby pushing the vessels off track at their interse
6、ctions.U (16) /Uvessel growth is a sign of diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病性视网膜病). Narrowed vessels may indicateU (17) /Uof the arteries, and damage to tiny capillaries could be a sign of early diabetes.The doctor even examines the pin-head-size hole in the back of the optic nerve on their way to the brain
7、.U (18) /Uthe appearance of these nerve fibers is abnormal, nerve tissue may have been damaged because of intraocular pressure, indicating glaucoma or the presence of a tumor. When a physician needs quick,U (19) /Uinformation about the body, the eyes haveU (20) /U.（分数：10.00）A.entireB.intactC.eyeD.in
8、formativeA.temperatureB.healthC.fieldD.visionA.scopeB.limitC.rangeD.itA.resultB.effectC.indicationD.sequenceA.withB.ofC.havingD.fromA.illustratesB.illuminatesC.pointsD.indicatesA.butB.whenC.orD.asA.alarmedB.warnedC.alertedD.convincedA.anythingB.everythingC.factorD.somethingA.inB.asC.toD.tillA.signsB
9、.signalsC.gesturesD.symbolsA.effectB.inferC.signifyD.causeA.exoticB.foreignC.fancyD.strangeA.informationB.phenomenonC.materialsD.cluesA.presenceB.arrivalC.newsD.rightA.wholesomeB.versatileC.abnormalD.unlawfulA.velocityB.hardeningC.solidifyingD.despairA.ThatB.HowC.IfD.ButA.reliableB.trustworthyC.depe
10、ndentD.grandA.themB.tooC.manyD.it二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. BText 1/BThe moral high ground has always been female territory. Men, after all,
11、lie and cheat and rob and pollute the environment and disproportionately populate the prisons, while women do their best to appreciate their good qualities. Some women, at least.But with the rise of feminism, the assaults on mens moral probity have become more frequent, and the belief in their arrog
12、ance and lack of concern for anything but their own selfish ends has become a truism. Its the men who are greedy. Its the men who are disloyal. Its the men who will do anything for money. Its the men who are immature.In the world of sport, pouty male athletes are Whipping boys of talk radio. They ha
13、ve graced the cover of Sports Illustrate, and on the inside have been vilified for a litany d sins, among them greed, disdain for the fans who pay their exorbitant salaries, and a lack of respect for the game that the fans love and that has made them rich.Female athletes, on the other hand, have bee
14、n placed on a pedestal-but it has been a pretty easy one to climb. For one thing, there hasn t been enough money to get greedy about. For another, there haven t been any fans. And for third, those who didnt love the game had absolutely no reason to keep playing.But thanks to the rise of women s bask
15、etball, female basketball players are going to find themselves tempted by the same vanities that have seduced so many men- and though we know some will give in, we don t know how many.For womens basketball to become a major sport in America, as opposed to a profitable one like arena football, someth
16、ing is going to be offered other than just pure skill. That something should be, and if fact will have to be, a different attitude, a purer sense of sport, than the men deliver. It may be asking too much of women to withstand the temptations that have sucked male athletes into prima donna poses, but
17、 then again it may be true that women have occupied the high moral ground for so long because they actually are more sensitive to whats important in the long run.I honestly don t know how this drama will play out, but the process will tell us about more than just the fate of women s basketball. If w
18、omen, who are steadily gaining more and more control in this world, can truly respond in a more reasoned way to the pull of power, then there is hope for the 21st century. But if women, as a gender, can do no hatter than men when given the chance, then in basketball as in life, we can only look ahea
19、d to more of the same.（分数：10.00）(1).The moral high ground has always been female territory because_.（分数：2.00）A.men do evil things, while women do their best to appreciate their qualitiesB.the heavy burden of life forces men to be cunning and worldly, while women only need to enjoy the lifeC.men aren
20、t as good as womenD.men dont think that the moral is important(2).Female athletes keep playing in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.earn enough money to make a livingB.become famous peopleC.defeat men athletesD.do something interesting(3).Women have occupied the high moral ground for so long because_.（分数：2.00）A.
21、they are more sensible to whats wrong than menB.they are more sensitive to whats important in the long run than menC.they are more sagacious to wrongdoings than menD.they are more intelligent than men in some areas(4).According to the article, does the author think that female athletes will withstan
22、d the temptations that have sucked male athletes into prima donna poses?（分数：2.00）A.Yes.B.No.C.Some will.D.None of the above.(5).There is hope for the 21st century, if_.（分数：2.00）A.women can overcome men entirelyB.women can control the world absolutelyC.women can truly respond in a more reasoned way t
23、o the pull of powerD.women can shoulder the fate of human beingsBText 2/BProlonged and excessive use of alcohol can seriously undermine an individuals health. Physical deterioration occurs. Large quantities of alcohol can directly damage body tissue and indirectly cause malnutrition. Nutritional def
24、iciencies can result for several reasons. Alcohol contains empty calories, which have no significant nutritive value. When consumed in substantial amounts, alcohol curbs one s appetite for more wholesome foods. Excessive alcohol intake can interfere with the proper digestion and absorption of food.
25、Therefore, even the heavy drinker who does eat a well-balanced diet is deprived of me essential nutrients. Maintenance of a drinking habit can deplete economic resources otherwise available for buying good, wholesome food. Malnutrition itself further reduces the body s ability to utilize the nutrien
26、ts consumed. The result of damaged tissue and malnutrition can be brain injury, heart disease, diabetes, or cancer of the liver, and weakened muscle tissue. Untreated alcoholism can reduce ones life span by ten to twelve years.Heavy alcohol consumption also affects the bodys usage of other drugs and
27、 medications. The dosages required by excessive drinkers may differ from those required by normal or non-drinkers. Serious consequences can be incurred unless the prescribing physician is aware of the patients drinking habits.Sudden death may result from excessive drinking. It might occur when the i
28、ndividual has ingested such a large amount of alcohol that the brain center controlling breathing and heart action is adversely affected, or when taking some other drugs, particularly sleep preparations along with alcohol. Death, as a result of excessive drinking, can come during an automobile accid
29、ent since half of all fatal traffic accidents involve the use of alcohol. Many self-inflicted deaths, as well as homicides, involve the use of alcohol.It is important to remember that alcohol is a drug that is potentially addictive. Once the user is hooked on alcohol, withdrawal symptoms occur when
30、it is not sufficiently available to body cells. At the onset of developing alcohol addiction, these symptoms may be relatively mild and include hand tremors, anxiety, nausea, and sweating. As dependency increases, so does the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and the need for medical assistance to
31、 cope with it.In 1956 the American Medical Association supported the growing acceptance of alcoholism as an illness, falling under the treatment jurisdiction of the medical profession. Since then, the medical resources for problems of acute and chronic intoxication have increased and improved.（分数：10
32、.00）(1).To develop his point, the author has used_.（分数：2.00）A.sensory wordsB.convincing argumentsC.scientific factsD.figures of speech(2).Which of the following statements is false?（分数：2.00）A.Heavy drinkers are in poverty.B.Heavy drinkers are likely to die suddenly.C.Physicians should know about sei
33、ne of their patients habits.D.Heavy drinkers usually live shorter than ordinary people.(3).Heavy alcohol consumption leads to_.（分数：2.00）A.depriving people of their appetiteB.disturbing peoples digestion systemsC.lacking of money to buy wholesome food sometimesD.making people thinner and thinner(4).W
34、hat can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Alcoholism can be treated as other illnesses.B.Intoxication is prohibited by law.C.Excessive drinking results in criminal behavior.D.People are fully aware of the serious consequences of heavy alcohol consumption.(5).Physical dependence on alcohol resu
35、lts from_.（分数：2.00）A.drinking it excessively over long timeB.using it quantitatively for medical care for a long periodC.consuming it exclusively on social occasionsD.applying it carelessly to unpleasant symptomsBText 3/BTechnologists aren t usually known for their sense of humor, but last week Scot
36、t McNealy, chief executive of Sun Microsystems, was working hard to come up with the Quip of the Day. For four contentious hours, he and another casualty of the software wars, Netscapes Jim Barksdale, took turns before the Senate Judiciary committee slamming their nemesis, Bill Gates. They called hi
37、m a predator, a monopolist, the “most dangerous and powerful industrialist of our age!. Microsofts Windows operating systems, driving 90 percent of the computers across the land, are the railroads of our dawning Information Age. No one person should be allowed to control them, they argued. Cyberspac
38、e should be open to all,Gates insisted it still was. Hes no monopolist, he told the senators. Windows is vulnerable. So is his company. “Technology is ever-changing,“ Gates retorted. Who knows what new wave will come along and sweep even mighty Microsoft into the dustbin of history?To many that soun
39、ded a bit disingenuous, given Microsofts dominance, and the lawmakers were skeptical, to say the least. But might Gates be right? Last weeks other big tech news gave just such a hint. First, Intel announced a surprise drop in first-quarter earnings. That was followed late Friday by report that Compa
40、qs financials would also be disappointing. Demand for computers seems to be slowing, analyst suggested-a trend due in part to a range of short-term factors, including Asias economic crisis. “I don t think we have clear date either as a company or an industry as to what these numbers mean,“ says Inte
41、l spokesman Howard High, True enough. But the slowdown is a sharp reminder that consumer demand for computers has fallen short of the hype surrounding the Info Revolution. Three years ago, 31 percent of U.S. house holds owned a computer. Today, 40 percent do. “We should be at 60 to 65 percent,“ says
42、 Nick Donatiello, president of Odyssey Communications, a San Francisco market-research firm. For most Americans, he suggests, the personal computer is not yet the indispensable tool that digital enthusiasts think it is.Today, new products are coming out that resemble computers but arent, and they ma
43、y eventually appeal to frustrated consumers more than hard-to-use PCs. The computer “is a technology-driven device made by technologists for technologists who dont know any better,“ says Donald Norman, senior technical adviser to Hewlett Packard. At the same time, new alliances between companies and
44、 industries are aiming to dash in on the Internet of tomorrow-without partnering with the titans of today. If all this poses a challenge for Intel, it portends even greater difficulties for Microsoft. All the challenges and threats pose a compelling question: if Microsoft enjoys the monopoly critics
45、 say it has, how long will it last?（分数：10.00）(1).Scott McNealy and Jim Barksdale slammed Bill Gates for_.（分数：2.00）A.monopolizing the software marketB.monopolizing the hardware marketC.90 percent of the computers using WindowsD.his most dangerous and powerful industry of our age(2).According to Nick
46、Donatiello, President of Odyssey Communications, the personal computer_.（分数：2.00）A.is a necessityB.is a dispensable toolC.is an indispensable toolD.is nothing but a videogame player(3).According to the passage, it can be inferred that_.（分数：2.00）A.Bill Gates is a monopolistB.Bill Gates is complacentC
47、.Bill Gates is worried about the future of MicrosoftD.Bill Gates wont ally with other companies except Intel(4).Whats implied in the sentence “The computer is a technology-driven device made by technologists for technologists who dont know any better“?（分数：2.00）A.Its hard to define the computer.B.Tec
48、hnologists dont know much about the computer.C.Technology is ever changing.D.The computer is hard to use.(5).What is the authors attitude toward Bill Gates point of view concerning the future of Microsoft?（分数：2.00）A.Approval.B.Skeptical.C.Opposed.D.Critical.BText 4/BMachines and foreign competition will replace millions of American jobs. But work will be plentiful for people trained in the occupations of the future. The Labor Department predicts a net increase of 25 million new jobs in the United States in 1995 with service-industry jobs growing three times as rapidl
