1、考研英语-252 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/B Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)ThereU (1) /Unot one type of reading but several according to your reasons for reading. To r
2、ead carefully, you have toU (2) /Uyour reading speed and techniqueU (3) /Uyour aimU (4) /Ureading. Skimming is a technique necessary for quick and efficient reading.When skimming, youU (5) /Uthe readingU (6) /Uquickly in order to get theU (7) /Uof it, to know how it is organized,U (8) /Uan idea of t
3、he tone or the intention of the writer. Skimming isU (9) /Uan activity whichU (10) /Uan overall view of the text andU (11) /Ua definite reading competence.Skimming doesnt need reading all the material, but it doesnt mean that it is anU (12) /Uskill for the lazy, because it need a high degree of aler
4、tness and concentration.When you read, you usually start withU (13) /Uunderstanding and move towards detailed understanding rather than working the other way round. ButU (14) /Uis also used after you have already carefully studied and you need toU (15) /Uthe major ideas and concepts.In order to be a
5、ble to skim quickly andU (16) /Uthrough a text, you should know where to look for what you want. In preview skimming you read the introductory information, the headings and subheadings, and the summary, if one is provided.U (17) /Uthis skimming, decide whether to read the material more thoroughly, a
6、nd select the appropriate speedU (18) /Uyou read.The same procedureU (19) /Ufor preview skimming could also be used to get an overview. Another method would be to read only key words. This is done by omitting the unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences.In order to skim efficiently and fulfill your
7、 purpose,U (20) /Upractice is necessary.（分数：10.00）A.isB.areC.wasD.wereA.adaptB.adoptC.changeD.adeptA.onB.aboutC.forD.toA.onB.whileC.asD.atA.run throughB.run overC.go onD.go throughA.substanceB.resourceC.sourceD.materialA.fistB.histC.gistD.listA.gettingB.to getC.gotD.have gotA.howeverB.neverthelessC.
8、thereforeD.thusA.requiresB.requestsC.requitesD.requisiteA.impliesB.appliesC.hintsD.pointsA.awfulB.unsuitableC.idealD.wrongA.globalB.universalC.unilateralD.partialA.readingB.understandingC.workingD.skimmingA.reverseB.reviewC.reviseD.revertA.efficientlyB.effectivelyC.affectivelyD.effectuallyA.WhenB.As
9、C.AfterD.BeforeA.whichB.thatC.at whichD.at thatA.usingB.usedC.useD.be usedA.a number ofB.an amount ofC.manyD.a few二、BSection Readi(总题数：6，分数：60.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/B Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
10、 (40 points)BText 1/BSt. Paul didnt like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “mischievous“ and “hard to get rid of it,“ but Oscar Wilder said, “Gossip is charming.“History is merely gossip,“ he wrote in one of his famous plays. “But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.“
11、In past time, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have-the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterruptedly across the back fences of the centuries.Today, however, the much-m
12、aligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.Gossip is “an intrinsically valuable activity,“ philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Zeev states in a book he has edi
13、ted, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesnt come through ordinary channels, such as: “What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from. the office?“ Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Zeev says. It is “a kind of sharin
14、g“ that also “satisfies the tribal need-namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group.“ Whats more, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable.“Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form o
15、f indiscretion and a “saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of s
16、ecrets,“ he writes.Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.By the way, there is also an interest
17、ing strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help.So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among
18、gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipers instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: when men speak ill of thee,
19、so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldnt be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip.“（分数：10.00）(1).Persons remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to（分数：2.00）A.show the general disapproval of gossip.B.introduce the topic of gos
20、sip.C.examine gossip from a historical perspective.D.prove the real value of gossip.(2).By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding“ (Paragraph 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Zeev means gossip（分数：2.00）A.is a valuable source of social information.B.produces a joy that most people in society need.C.brings pe
21、ople the feel of being part of a group.D.satisfies peoples need of being unusual.(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.B.Philosophers may hold different attitudes toward-gossip.C.Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossi
22、ps as perfectly advantageous.D.People are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.gossipers will surely become gossipers someday.B.Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossiper.C.Plato escaped being a victim of gos
23、sip by no gossiping.D.an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual.(5).The authors attitude toward “gossip“ can be best described as（分数：2.00）A.neutral.B.positive.C.negative.D.indifferent.BText 2/BSoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it
24、 propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines
25、were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered becaus
26、e it contains a virus, soBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thu
27、s sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected.Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Bri
28、an King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of “multi-threading“, it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes.Blaster worked by creating a “buffer ov
29、errun in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsofts Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory.Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system,
30、 but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting.One way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmo
31、ther worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster some-one seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welch. However. according to Mr, Haley, Welch has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“ -si
32、gnals that checked for the presence of other computers.Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and t
33、he one organizing trains operated by CSX, a freight company on Americas east coast.Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.（分数：10.00）(1).SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly by（分数：2.00）A.sending them an overpowering number of mes
34、sages.B.harvesting the addresses stored in the computers.C.infecting the computers with an invisible virus.D.destroying the anti-virus software of the computers.(2).Which of the following best defines the word “doctored“ (Line 10, Paragraph 1) ?（分数：2.00）A.falsifiedB.curedC.deceivedD.diagnosed(3).Com
35、pared with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that was（分数：2.00）A.more destructive.B.more humorous.C.less vulnerable.D.less noticeable.(4).From the text we learn that Welch（分数：2.00）A.is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did.B.is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster.C.is
36、a program intended to fix the infected machines.D.is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “pings“.(5).The tone of the text can be best described as（分数：2.00）A.optimistic and humorous.B.analytical but concerned.C.passionate but pessimistic.D.scholarly and cautious.BText 3/BEuropean farm ministers hav
37、e ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP). Will it be enough to kick off the Doha world trade negotiations?On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsid
38、ies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be broken-the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, .unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to be cut-that should mean European prices eventually falling to
39、wards the world market level. Cut-ting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations.The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidizes European farmers to such an extent that
40、 they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in November 2001
41、. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EUs intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by
42、 September, when the worlds trade ministers meet in Cancun, Mexico.But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within
43、their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultiva
44、tion.These 1et-outs are potentially damaging for Europes negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. Mote generally, the escape
45、clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the sceptics fears.（分数：10.00）(1).The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in t
46、hat（分数：2.00）A.European farm ministers finally reached a consensus.B.the link between farm products and subsidies is removed.C.farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to them.D.European farm products will reach a lower price level than the world.(2).It can be inferred from the third paragr
47、aph that（分数：2.00）A.farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAP.B.the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talks.C.the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countries.D.the worlds trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently.(3).In wha
48、t case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?（分数：2.00）A.Farmers lose their interest in farming.B.Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.C.Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly.D.The measures damage the reformers confidence.(4).The new package of measures is inevit
49、ably a complicated one due to（分数：2.00）A.Europes negotiators loss of confidence.B.European expenditure on farm support.C.escape clauses for some European countries.D.suspicion of the new package.(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.A promising new deal.B.Doha world trade negotiations.C.Worlds anger against Europe.D.Doomed reforms of CAP.B
