1、考研英语-257 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Foreign financiers complaining about the legal wars they will launch to recover bad debts in Russia rarely mean much. The expense of a lawsuitU (1) /Uthe satisfaction; the chances of getting any money areU (2) /U.Yet Noga, a company
2、 owned by Nessim Gaon, a 78-year-old businessmanU (3) /Uin Geneva, has been suing the Russian government since 1993, attempting toU (4) /URussian assets abroad. At Mr. Gaons request, bailiffs last week very nearlyU (5) /Utwo of Russias most advanced warplanes at the Paris airU (6) /U. The organisers
3、U (7) /Uoff the Russian authorities, and the planes flew home, justU (8) /Utime.U (9) /Unear-misses include a sail-training ship, the Sedov, nuclear-waste shipments, and the presidents plane.Mr. Gaon. whose previous business partners include regimes in Nigeria and Sudan, put anU (10) /Uclause in his
4、 original export deals: Russia must abandon its sovereign immunity. An arbitration court in Stockholm has found in hisU (11) /U, so far, to theU (12) /Uof $110 million, out of a totalU (13) /Uof $420 million. Other courtsU (14) /Uthe world have let him have aU (15) /Uat any Russian assetsU (16) /Ure
5、ach.The odd thing isU (17) /URussia. now awash with cash, does not simply pay up. Mr. Gaon says he was told at one point that a 10%U (18) /Uon the debt to someone high up in the finance ministry would solve things.U (19) /Uoff Mr. Gaon costs much in legal fees. Not accepting international judgments
6、sits ill with the current Kremlin lineU (20) /Uthe rule of law. Mr. Gaon says his next move will be to seize Russias embassy in Paris.（分数：10.00）A.outdoesB.outperformC.outshineD.outweighsA.thinB.slimC.leanD.wiryA.basedB.foundC.establishedD.setA.graspB.holdC.seizeD.snatchA.caughtB.gotC.grabbedD.arrest
7、edA.showB.exhibitionC.displayD.demonstrationA.stiltedB.tippedC.dumpedD.slantedA.inB.onC.atD.uponA.OthersB.AnotherC.The otherD.OtherA.usualB.unusualC.commonD.uncommonA.supportB.goodC.favorD.preferenceA.runeB.figureC.accountD.countA.demandedB.requestedC.requiredD.claimedA.inB.atC.aroundD.overA.crackB.
8、breakC.splitD.snapA.inB.withinC.out ofD.beyondA.howB.whenC.whyD.whereA.kickbackB.paymentC.cutD.rewardA.AvoidingB.FendingC.EscapingD.ShieldingA.inB.onC.atD.to二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BIt is commonly supposed that the health of Long Island Sound is chiefly the responsibility of the shor
9、eline communities in Long Island, Westchester County and Connecticut. This is largely true. It is also true, however, that New York City has long been a major contributor to the environmental ills that torture this noblest of American estuaries.The main reason is four old municipal sewage treatment
10、plants on the East River. Every day of every year, these plants deposit hundreds of thousands of gallons of partly treated wastewater into the river, which then, with tidal certainty, propels the polluted water into the Sound itselfThe most damaging of the pollutants leaving the plants is nitrogenus
11、eful as a fertilizer on land but, in sufficient quantities, fatal to bodies of water like the Sound, where it stimulates the growth of bacteria and algae and robs the water of oxygen. This condition is known as hypoxia, and it suppresses marine life. Roughly half the nitrogen comes from treatment pl
12、ants and other sources in about 80 shoreline communities, the other half comes from the New York City plants.It is thus cause for great celebration that the city agreed last week to settle a longstanding legal action and spend at least $700 million to upgrade these four plants, cutting their nitroge
13、n output by nearly 60 percent by 2017. Audubon New York, a leader among the environmental groups that helped shape the agreement and move it forward, when negotiations seemed to falter, called the agreement an historic moment in the struggle to restore the Sound to good health.In retrospect, the mos
14、t important moment in that struggle the moment from which all else has flowed, including last weeks agreementcame m 1994, when New York and Connecticut. after sustained pressure from the federal Environmental Protection Agency, approved a comprehensive plan to clean up the Sound. The citys main resp
15、onsibility was to modernize its sewage treatment plants. The Giuliani administration left the bulk of the task to Mayor Michael Bloomberg.Alarmed by the projects estimated $1.3 billion price tag, Mr. Bloomberg dispatched Christopher Ward, then the environmental commissioner, to Europe and elsewhere
16、to find new, more cost-efficient waste treatment technologies. In due course, Mr. Ward and his counterpart in Albany, Erin Crotty, reached an agreement in principle to reform the plants at well under the original cost. Mr. Ward and Ms. Crotty left public service, but after further debating aimed par
17、tly at ensuring that future city administrations could not wiggle out of the deal, and after further prodding by Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, their successors. Emily Lloyd and Denise Sheehan, brought the matter to a close.This does not mean the Sound is no longer at risk. The Sound passes through
18、 the densest population corridor in the country, and will remain forever stressed by the 20 million people who live within 50 miles of its shores. Thus the shoreline communities in Long Island, Westchester and Connecticut must do more than ever to contain pollution.（分数：10.00）(1).The following units
19、are responsible for the health of Long Island Sound EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.the shoreline community in Long IslandB.the shoreline community of Westchester CountyC.the shoreline community of ConnecticutD.the shoreline community of New York city(2).What is probably the meaning of “falter“ (Line 4, Para.4)?
20、（分数：2.00）A.succeedB.finishC.stumbleD.fall(3).According to the text, the following statements about nitrogen are true EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.nitrogen suppresses marine lifeB.nitrogen is a fertilizer Which helps plants growC.nitrogen in large quantities is fatal to bodies of waterD.nitrogen can rob water
21、of oxygen(4).The modernization of the sewage treatment plants was finished by_.（分数：2.00）A.Mr. BloombergB.Emily Lloyd and Denise SheehanC.Mr. WardD.Attorney General Eliot Spitzer(5).Why the author suggests that the shoreline communities do more than ever to solve pollution problem? A Because the agre
22、ement has not been reached B. Because people living along the shoreline will pollute the water. C. Because the future city administrations could not wiggle out of the deal. D Because Mr. Ward and Ms. Crotty left public service.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.BText 2/BAre burgers and fries a product of the profound
23、 social changes of the past 50 years, or were they to a large extent responsible for them? The author of this diatribe against multinational restaurant brands opts for the latter explanation. “There is nothing inevitable about the fast food nation that surrounds us,“ he concludes. “The triumph of Mc
24、Donalds and its imitators was by no means pre-ordained.“ But it happened nevertheless and. in his view, it is to be blamed for many of the evils of modem America and their global spread. The emergence of the corporate colossus, followed inexorably by its deionization, is a familiar pattern in Americ
25、an business history.The modem phenomenon of fast food originated in California just before the Second World War. Its first manifestation was kerb service, with meals delivered to motorists by handsome young carhops. Richard and Maurice McDonald. who ran a drive-in burger bar in San Bernardino near L
26、os Angeles, became tired of having constantly to replace their carhops and wash up crockery and dishes. In 1948 they decided to make customers serve themselves, while restricting the menu to items that could be prepared by unskilled cooks and eaten without plates, knives or forks.The McDonald brothe
27、rs were soon bought out by the entrepreneurial Ray Kroc, who franchised their name and techniques so successfully that there is now scarcely a comer of the world that is free from their trademark golden arches, invariably spawning a cluster of rival chains selling hamburgers, pizzas, or fried chicke
28、n, handed out by smiling teenagers willing to accept minimal pay. They are cheap, cheerful, popular, and children love them. So just what is Mr. Schlossers beef? Apart from his nutritional reservationstoo much fat, salt and sugarhe proves how. as the chains expanded, they were able to dictate terms
29、to the suppliers of potatoes and ground beef, their staple ingredients. This caused an upheaval in agribusiness, as a few large suppliers quickly forced less efficient producers out of the market. The drive to keep down costs and increase the speed of production led to the employment of cheap unskil
30、led labor and. to the widespread toleration of dangerous and unhygienic practices among growers and processors, which regulatory bodies have failed to police.Mr. Schlosser, who is a skillful and persuasive investigative reporter, sees all this as a damaging corruption of the free market. He is espec
31、ially angered by promotional techniques aimed at impressionable children. A 1997 giveaway of Teenie Beanie Babies increased the sale of McDonalds Happy Meals from 10m a week to 10rn a day. And a survey found that 96% of American schoolchildren could identify Ronald McDonald, the chains mascot. Only
32、Santa Claus scored higher.（分数：10.00）(1).From the example of McDonald the author concludes that_.（分数：2.00）A.the fast food is the great social change of the past 50 yearsB.the success of multinational brands was destinedC.the corporate deionization contributed to some social changesD.McDonald is popul
33、ar in America(2).The word “kerb service“(Line 2, Para. 2) equates to_.（分数：2.00）A.restaurants serviceB.motor serviceC.family serviceD.roadside service(3).The author airs Mr. Schlossers opinion in the second paragraph in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.list the nutritional reservationB.support the proper termsC.
34、ask the police to regulate the productive processD.criticize fast-food for its negative effects(4).Which one of the following aspects of McDonalds does Mr, Schlosser detest most?（分数：2.00）A.nutritional reservationB.management modelC.promotion methods to childrenD.marketing strategy(5).The authors att
35、itude towards McDonald is_.（分数：2.00）A.appreciativeB.criticalC.indifferentD.neutralBText 3/BThe number of city schools put on a list for strict scrutiny by the state for poor academic performance went up slightly this year. and the number of city schools taken off the list by showing improvement drop
36、ped, the states commissioner of education announced yesterday.Ten city schoolsnow at risk of being shut downwere added to the list of Schools Under Registration Review, known as SURR, bringing the total in the city m 40. Statewide. 61 schools are under review, said the commissioner, Richard Mills. T
37、he addition of 10 city schools reverses what had been a trend in the past few years: the number of schools on the list had been falling. There were 55 schools in 2003, 46 in 2004 and 35 last year, an all-time low.But this year a new factor was at work: The state raised the level of performance requi
38、red to pass its standards. In addition, 6 of the 10 newly named schools are middle schools-and those schools have for years confounded educators by resisting the improvements that have worked in lower grades and even in high schools. Three city schools were removed from the list this year for improv
39、ement in academic performance, but that number was significantly lower than the number removed in each of the past several years. For instance, 16 schools were taken off the list last year.Schools Chancellor Joel I. Klein observed that the number of endangered schools still remains at a near-record
40、low. “Nevertheless. we cannot accept failing performance by any of our schools for any reason,“ he said. “If a school proves incapable of providing a high-quality education m our students despite efforts to improve it, it will be closed.“ He said 8 of the 40 schools that have been on the list were s
41、cheduled m be closed this year and 5 more will be closed next year. The state also expanded its review process for the first time this year m District 75, which covers special education schools, and one District 75 school, Public School 12 in the Bronx, was put on the list.Despite the additions, Mr.
42、 Mills said he was pleased. “I think its impressive since we have been rinsing the bar,“ he said. “The city has essentially been staying ahead of a moving locomotive.“Elsewhere in the state, three schools in Buffalo and two in Syracuse were added to the list. The 10 New York City schools on the list
43、 are Legacy School for Integrated Studies in Manhattan; P.S. 220, P.S. 12, Junior High School 123 and Middle School 302 in the Bronx; J.H.S. 265. J.H.S. 57, M.S. 143, Intermediate School 291 and P.S. 12 in Brooklyn. The three schools removed from the list are P.S. 140 in the Bronx. Repertory Company
44、 High School in Manhattan and EBC/ENY High School for Public Safety and Law in Brooklyn.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.presenting a phenomenonC.justifying an assumptionD.making a comparison(2).From the first 2 paragraphs, we
45、can learn that_.（分数：2.00）A.the present trend is that the number of schools on the list is fallingB.there are more schools which shake off the bad reputation this yearC.the trend this year is not the same as that of past few yearsD.the review is not reliable(3).The “new factor“ in the third paragraph
46、 refers that_.（分数：2.00）A.more middle schools are put on the listB.the standard of review is higherC.schools resist to improve themselvesD.schools confounded educators for years(4).Schools Chancellors words imply that_.（分数：2.00）A.all the schools on the list should be closedB.a schools performance is
47、the only standard of further existenceC.any school shouldnt find any excuse for themselvesD.he has the final word(5).From the text we can conclude that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.is supportive of the reviewB.favors Schools Chancellors viewC.is sympathetic with those schoolsD.takes a detached attitudeBTe
48、xt 4/BAn annual census of wolves at Yellowsto ne National Park has found a sharp drop in the population. But park biologists, who suspect a deadly disease, canine parvovirus, say they will let nature take its course. “Parvo can be vaccinated for and can be treated, but we wouldnt do it because we co
49、uldnt catch every animal,“ Daniel Stahler. a park waif biologist, said. “And this allows them to build up a natural resistance.“The census found 22 pups, compared with 69 last year. The total count of wolves dropped m 118 from 171, the lowest since 2000. “It was somewhat devastating to have such poor pup
