1、考研英语-463 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned (1) than it is about sadness. But its usually (2) as sadness. Depression can (3) at all ages, from childhood to old age, and its the United States No. 1 (4) prob
2、lem.When someone is depressed, her behavior (5) change and she loses interest in activities she (6) enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more.What (7) depression? A (8) event can certainly bring (9) depression, but so
3、me will say it happens (10) a specific cause. So how do you know if youre just having a bad day (11) are really depressed? Depression affects your (12) , moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go (13) or are labeled (14) simply a bad case of the blues.Someone whos truly (
4、15) depression will have (16) periods of crying spells, feelings of (17) (like not being able to change your situation) and (18) (like youll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often (19) from others. Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest (20) of dep
5、ression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isnt treated.（分数：10.00）A.onB.downC.inwardD.upA.depictedB.reportedC.prohibitedD.expressedA.happenB.conveyC.fadeD.deteriorateA.socialB.academicC.literaryD.healthA.patternsB.linksC.intuitionD.conscientiousnessA.mostlyB.onceC.fairlyD.de
6、speratelyA.curesB.checksC.triggersD.logsA.solemnB.sarcasticC.slenderD.stressfulA.onB.aroundC.upD.underA.viaB.withoutC.due toD.out ofA.orB.butC.andD.whileA.monopolyB.motionC.thoughtsD.associationA.underestimatedB.unsettledC.unexpectedD.unrecognizedA.byB.asC.inD.forA.battlingB.substitutingC.reproachin
7、gD.menacingA.justifiedB.extendedC.identifiedD.matchedA.selfishnessB.helplessnessC.strategyD.emotionA.vibrationB.vicinityC.reservationD.hopelessnessA.withdrawsB.overwhelmsC.invadesD.exploitsA.fabricB.patentC.dangerD.passion二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10
8、.00)“It is an evil influence on the youth of our country. “ A politician condemning video gaming? Actually, a clergyman denouncing rock and roll 50 years ago. But the sentiment could just as easily have been voiced by Hillary Clinton in the past few weeks, as she blamed video games for “a silent epi
9、demic of media desensitisation“ and “stealing the innocence of our children“.The gaming furore centers on “Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas“, a popular and notoriously violent cops and robbers game that turned out to contain hidden sex scenes that could be unlocked using a patch downloaded from the int
10、ernet. The resulting outcry (mostly from Democratic politicians playing to the centre) caused the games rating in America to be changed from “mature“, which means you have to be 17 to buy it, to “adults only“, which means you have to be 18, but also means that big retailers such as Wal-Mart will not
11、 stock it. As a result the game has been banned in Australia; and, this autumn, Americas Federal Trade Commission will investigate the complaints. That will give gamings opponents an opportunity to vent their wrath on the industry.Skepticism of new media is a tradition with deep roots, going back at
12、 least as far as Socrates objections to written texts, outlined in Platos Phaedrus. Socrates worried that relying on written texts, rather than the oral tradition, would “create forgetfulness in the learners souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written cha
13、racters and not remember of themselves.“ (He also objected that a written version of a speech was no substitute for the ability to interrogate the speaker, since, when questioned, the text “always gives one unvarying answer“. His objection, in short, was that books were not interactive. Perhaps Socr
14、ates would have thought more highly of video games.)Novels were once considered too low-brow for university literature courses, but eventually the disapproving professors retired. Waltz music and dancing were condemned in the 19th century; all that twirling was thought to be “intoxicating“ and “depr
15、aved“, and the music was outlawed in some places. Today it is hard to imagine what the fuss was about. And rock and roll was thought to encourage violence, promiscuity and Satanism; but today even grannies buy Coldplay albums.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the text that human beings have a history
16、of_.（分数：2.00）A.fascination for the academic establishmentB.enthusiasm for juvenile psychologyC.disbelief in the novel mediumD.hatred of political corruption(2).The attitudes of Socrates and Hillary Clinton toward the novel medium are_.（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.optimisticC.panickedD.confused(3).Video gam
17、es would have been recommended by Socrates due to its_.（分数：2.00）A.text messagesB.oral traditionC.unvarying answersD.two-way communication(4).To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.The emergence of video games is bound to breed evil.B.Theres no legal ruling
18、 that video games are bad for people, and they may be positively good.C.University literature courses are subject to the harassment of video games.D.Theres no sound proof that adults are prone to the moral decline when engaged in video games.(5).When mentioning novels, waltz music and rock and roll,
19、 the author is suggesting（分数：2.00）A.the mishaps of voguesB.the misfortune of art masterpiecesC.the prospect of video gamesD.the effects of various art forms五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do,“ Mon
20、tagu Norman, the Bank of Englands longest-serving governor (1920-1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the
21、 most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, Americas central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire.Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed
22、should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Feds much-respected chairman, due to retire next yearafter a mere 18 years in the jobsome Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central banks credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at it
23、s February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works.At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-p
24、rice indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently run
25、ning at 5.5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form.Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, excep
26、t in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stock market bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest ratesas he did in 2001-2002.And ye
27、t the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resourcesencouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may th
28、erefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targetingthe fad of the 1990sis too crude.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “minutes“ (Line 6, Paragraph 2) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.recordB.new-letterC.announcementD.motive(2).According to
29、 the text, it is upsetting that the Federal Reserve does not take into account inflation targets_.（分数：2.00）A.until what to do is clarifiedB.until explicit inflation targets are declaredC.until increases in asset prices are curbedD.until its efficiency is cast doubt on(3).We can learn from the third
30、paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.increases in asset prices are interfered by the Federal ReservesB.more emphasis should be placed on consumer-price indicesC.changes have taken place in the pattern of inflationD.inflation have been brought under federal control(4).It is implied in the fourth paragraph that
31、 Mr. Greenspan is skeptical of_.（分数：2.00）A.the stipulation of anti-monopoly rules and regulationsB.the intervention by central banks in asset pricesC.the prevention of economic recessionD.the countdown by the Federal Reserve of new economic upheavals(5).Which of the followings would be the best titl
32、e for the text?（分数：2.00）A.American Monetary Conundrums Are Readily Deciphered.B.American Central Banks Are on the Verge of Extinction.C.Conventional Inflation Target Is Best Employed in Transparent Environment.D.Americas Monetary Policy Is off Target.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It may be just as well fo
33、r Oxford Universitys reputation that this weeks meeting of Congregation, its 3,552-strong governing body, was held in secret, for the air of civilized rationality that is generally supposed to pervade donnish conversation has lately turned fractious. Thats because the vice-chancellor, the nearest th
34、ing the place has to a chief executive, has proposed the most fundamental reforms to the university since the establishment of the college system in 1249; and a lot of the dons and colleges dont like it.The trouble with Oxford is that it is unmanageable. Its problemsthe difficulty of recruiting good
35、 dons and of getting rid of bad ones, concerns about academic standards, severe money worries at some collegesall spring from that. John Hood, who was recruited as vice-chancellor from the University of Auckland and is now probably the most-hated antipodean in British academic life, reckons he knows
36、 how to solve this, and has proposed to reduce the power of dons and colleges and increase that of university administrators.Mr. Hood is right that the universitys management structure needs an overhaul. But radical though his proposals seem to those involved in the current row, they do not go far e
37、nough. The difficulty of managing Oxford stems only partly from the nuttiness of its system of governance; the more fundamental problem lies in its relationship with the government. Thats why Mr. Hood should adopt an idea that was once regarded as teetering on the lunatic fringe of radicalism, but t
38、hese days is discussed even in polite circles. The idea is independence.Oxford gets around 5,000 ($9,500) per undergraduate per year from the government. In return, it accepts that it can charge students only 1,150 (rising to 3,000 next year) on top of that. Since it probably costs at least 10,000 a
39、 year to teach an undergraduate, that leaves Oxford with a deficit of 4,000 or so per student to cover from its own funds.If Oxford declared independence, it would lose the 52m undergraduate subsidy at least. Could it fill the hole? Certainly. Americas top universities charge around 20,000 per stude
40、nt per year. The difficult issue would not be money alone: it would be balancing numbers of not-so-brilliant rich people paying top whack with the cleverer poorer ones they were cross-subsidising. Americas top universities manage it: high fees mean better teaching, which keeps competition hot and ac
41、ademic standards high, while luring enough donations to provide bursaries for the poor. It should be easier to extract money from alumni if Oxford were no longer state-funded.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the authors attitude toward John Hood is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.enthusiastic supportB.slight
42、 contemptC.strong disapprovalD.reserved consent(2).It is implied in the third paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.reliance upon official subsidy has bred the current predicament of OxfordB.an overhaul of Oxford management structure is urgently neededC.the nuttiness of Oxford system of governance may be easil
43、y removedD.the current row is essential to many in polite circle(3).The term “bursaries“ (Line 7, Paragraph 5) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.preferential policiesB.scholarship or grantC.free stationery and accommodationD.sheltering and meals(4).We can see from the available statistics that the_.（分
44、数：2.00）A.the current financial status of Oxford results from its being state-fundedB.radical reforms concentrate on Oxford management structureC.Oxford independence might become a barrier to its recruiting good donsD.notorious reputation results in Oxford meeting of Congregation held this week(5).To
45、 which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The contribution from alumni wont lure ample donation by the wealthy.B.The civilized rationality is gradually spoiled by fractious nature.C.The row going on in Oxford is passionate but beside the point.D.Americans top
46、 universities are somewhat apprehensive of their current status but over-confident of their prospect.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Elections often tell you more about what people are against than what they are for. So it is with the European ones that took place last week in all 25 European Union member c
47、ountries. These elections, widely trumpeted as the worlds biggest-ever multinational democratic vote, were fought for the most part as 25 separate national contests, which makes it tricky to pick out many common themes. But the strongest are undoubtedly negative. Europes voters are angry and disillu
48、sionedand they have demonstrated their anger and disillusion in three main ways.The most obvious was by abstaining. The average overall turnout was just over 45%, by some margin the lowest ever recorded for elections to the European Parliament. And that average disguises some big variations: Italy,
49、for example, notched up over 70o/00, but Sweden managed only 37%. Most depressing of all, at least to believers in the European project, was the extremely low vote in many of the new member countries from central Europe, which accounted for the whole of the fall in turnout since 1999. In the biggest, Poland, only just over a fifth of the electorate turned out to vote. Only a year ago, central Europeans voted in large numbers to join the EU, which they did on May 1st. That they abstained
