1、考研英语-482 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Times are tough for the hundreds of English-language colleges that cluster along the south coast of England. Reforms to the student-visa system that are (1) to help cut immigration are limiting the inflow of foreigners (2) in th
2、em. But language entrepreneurs are finding (3) ways to meet the rising demand for tuition.Students who visit English City, a language-teaching program, can chat to passers by (4) they wander through the streets, meet their tutors in virtual cafes and order snacks. Shiv Rajendran, who founded Languag
3、eLab, a London-based start-up that (5) English City, says business is booming, though from a (6) base.Online language instructors are benefiting from recent changes to the immigration regime. Schools that (7) students from outside the European Union must now demonstrate their trustworthiness to the
4、borders agency. (8) , students can no longer obtain a general visa that (9) their time at both language school and university. (10) , Tony Millns of English UK, a lobby group, (11) that 40,000 fewer language students will come this year, leaving Britain 600m (12) off.Another response to this (13) am
5、ong some adventurous English-language colleges has been to set up shop abroad. The London School of English has established campuses in Georgia and Qatar and is (14) elsewhere.Still, some students who might have come to Britain will probably (15) instead for a conventional course in America or Austr
6、alia. And reforms among English-language teachers in Britain wont (16) the impact of the visa changes on the broader economy. Colleges that are opening international branches will charge fees, but most of the income will remain (17) . Online educators are recruiting tutors in other time (18) so that
7、 classes can be taught (19) the clock. English is more popular than (20) , but the country of its birth is ill-placed to profit.（分数：10.00）A.tendedB.intendedC.suspendedD.attemptedA.enrollingB.registeringC.participatingD.enteringA.primitiveB.alternativeC.sophisticatedD.specificA.sinceB.ifC.asD.thoughA
8、.advocatedB.discoveredC.constructedD.devisedA.questionableB.abundantC.smallD.shabbyA.obtainB.recruitC.acquireD.winA.For instanceB.In factC.In additionD.By comparisonA.allocatesB.coversC.allowsD.assignsA.As a resultB.In a wordC.In a senseD.By the wayA.emphasizesB.reckonsC.suspectsD.summarizesA.moreB.
9、lessC.betterD.worseA.discussionB.spurC.squeezeD.controversyA.spreadingB.stretchingC.extendingD.expandingA.optB.chooseC.selectD.electA.offsetB.verifyC.underlineD.utilizeA.secretB.obscureC.exoticD.abroadA.territoriesB.areasC.zonesD.boundariesA.inB.aroundC.overD.throughA.foreverB.agoC.everD.never二、Sect
10、ion Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A small group of Internet security specialists gathered in Singapore to start up a global system to make e-mail and e-commerce more secure, end the rapid growth of passwords and raise the bar significantly for Internet fraud
11、, spies and troublemakers.The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys that will be kept in three hardened data centers there, in Zurich and in San Jose, Calif. The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secur
12、e DNS, or DNSSEC. DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a directory that connects names to numerical Internet addresses. Preliminary work on the security system had been going on for more than a year, but this was the first time the system went into operation, even though it is not quite co
13、mplete.The three centers are fortresses made up of five layers of physical, electronic and cryptographic security, making it virtually impossible to damage the system. Four layers are active now. The fifth, a physical barrier, is being built inside the data center.The technology is viewed by many co
14、mputer security specialists as a ray of hope amid the recent cascade of data thefts, attacks, disruptions and scandals, including break-ins at Citibank, Sony, Lockheed Martin, RSA Security and elsewhere. It allows users to communicate via the Internet with high confidence that the identity of the pe
15、rson or organization they are communicating with is not being tricked or forged.Internet engineers like Dan Kaminsky, an independent network security researcher who is one of the engineers involved in the project, want to counteract three major deficiencies in todays Internet. There is no mechanism
16、for ensuring trust, the quality of software is uneven, and it is difficult to track down bad actors.One reason for these flaws is that from the 1960s through the 1980s the engineers who designed the networks underlying technology were concerned about reliable, rather than secure, communications. Tha
17、t is starting to change with the introduction of Secure DNS by governments and other organizations.The event in Singapore capped a process that began more than a year ago and is expected to be complete after 300 so-called top-level domains have been digitally signed. Before the Singapore event, 70 c
18、ountries had adopted the technology, and 14 more were added as part of the event. While large countries are generally doing the technical work to include their own domains in the system, the association of Internet security specialists is helping smaller countries and organizations with the process.
19、（分数：10.00）(1).It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the global system the Internet security specialists gathered to start up_.（分数：2.00）A.is still on the drawing boardB.can put an end to Internet fraudC.has won specialists much acclaimD.has multi-advantages over previous ones(2).The word “counte
20、ract“(Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.eliminateB.offsetC.divertD.exploit(3).It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the Net security system has protected lots of companies from data theftsB.scientists sees the Net Security System as a promising technologyC.companies like
21、 Sony are undergoing an Internet security crisisD.communication via the Internet makes people more confident(4).We can infer from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.the Net security system will catch on soonB.engineers prefer to wait and see how things goC.actions are taken to utilize the security
22、systemD.more countries are supposed to invest in the system(5).What would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.An Independent Net Security System Is UsedB.Secure DNS Has Grown Mature NowadaysC.Secure DNS Will Become A Popular TechnologyD.A Stronger Net Security System Is Under Way五、Text 2(总题数：1
23、，分数：10.00)Compared with IBM, Microsoft is a mere young company. Founded in 1975, it rose swiftly to dominate the world of personal computing with its Windows operating system and Office suite of word-processing and other productivity tools. But the company is now showing some worrying signs of middl
24、e-age fatigue. In particular, it is struggling to find a growth strategy that will enthuse disappointed shareholders.Complaint are understandable. Since Steve Ballmer took over from Bill Gates as chief executive in 2000, Microsofts share price has decreased and the company has lost its reputation as
25、 a tech trend-setter. It has been left behind in hot areas such as search and social networking by younger companies, some of which love to thumb their noses at their older rival. Eric Schmidt, the executive chairman of Google, recently proclaimed that leadership in the tech world had passed from Mi
26、crosoft and others to a “Gang of Four“ fast-growing, consumer-oriented businesses: Google, Apple, Amazon and Facebook.Few would object to that. The question is: what，if anything, can Microsoft do to change it? In at least some respects, the company appears to be suffering from similar ailments to th
27、ose that laid IBM low before Lou Gerstner was hired in 1993 to get it back on its feet. These include arrogance bred of dominance of a particular area-mainframe computers at IBM, personal computers at Microsoftand internal fiefs that hamper swift change.As IBMs experience shows, recovery in the tech
28、 world is possible. And some observers see encouraging signs of progress at Microsoft. Sarah Rotman Epps of Forrester, a research firm, reckons that Windows 8, a forthcoming version of Microsofts operating system, could be a serious competitor to Googles Android on tablet computers if the company ca
29、n get it to market next yearMicrosoft is also in far better shape financially than IBM was at its lowest point, so it can afford to splash out on acquisitions such as its recent $8.5 billion purchase of Skype, an internet-phone and video-calling service.That bet and an alliance with Nokia in mobile
30、phones show that Microsoft is trying to bulk up in promising areas. Yet sceptics worry that such initiatives are not the product of an comprehensive strategic vision, but are instead temporary moves designed to calm critics who fear Microsoft is drifting downwards. David Einhorn, a prominent hedge-f
31、und manager whose fund holds shares in Microsoft, has publicly called for a change at the top of the firm, arguing that Mr Ballmer is “stuck in the past“. So far, the companys board, chaired by Mr Gates, has backed its chief executive. But if IBMs history is a guide, Microsoft may yet end up jettiso
32、ning its leader.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.Microsofts revenue is on a dramatic declineB.people have a bleak view of Microsofts futureC.Microsoft kept pace with IBM in terms of salesD.Microsoft once surpassed IBM in many aspects(2).According to the text
33、, Microsofts younger competitors _.（分数：2.00）A.will prevail over MicrosoftB.challenge Microsofts prestigeC.bring down Microsofts share priceD.show contempt for Microsoft(3).According to the text, which of the following is true of Microsoft?（分数：2.00）A.It is considering hiring a new CEO.B.It is engaged
34、 in an internal reform.C.It can rival IBM in mainframe computers.D.It is committing the mistakes IBM once committed.(4).Some people are optimistic about Microsofts future probably in that_.（分数：2.00）A.they have faith in its innovation abilityB.its financial situation is better than IBMsC.they have no
35、ticed the efforts it is makingD.Windows 8 and Skype are bound to be popular(5).The word “jettisoning“ (Last line, Paragraph 5) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.abandoningB.criticizingC.convincingD.coaching六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A beautiful woman lowers her eyes shyly beneath a hat. In an earlier era, her
36、 gaze might have signaled a mysterious allure. But this is a 2003 advertisement for Zoloft, an inhibitory drug approved by the F.D.A. to treat social anxiety disorder. “Is she just shy? Or is it Social Anxiety Disorder?“ reads the caption, suggesting that the young woman is not luring people at all.
37、 She is sick.This does us all grave harm, because shyness and timidnessor more precisely, the careful, sensitive temperament from which both often springare not just normal. Indeed, they are valuable. And they may be essential to the survival of our species.But shyness and introversion share an unde
38、rvalued status in a world that prizes being sociable. Childrens classroom desks are now often arranged in pods, because group participation supposedly leads to better learning. Many adults work for organizations that now assign work in teams, in offices without walls, for supervisors who value “peop
39、le skills“ above all. As a society, we prefer action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. As the psychologist William Hart points out, phrases like “get active,“ “get moving,“ “do something“ and similar calls to action surface repeatedly in recent books.Yet shy and intro
40、verted people have been part of our species for a very long time, often in leadership positions. We find them in recent history, in figures like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein, and, in contemporary times: think of Googles Larry Page.Sitters and strollers favor different survival strategies, whic
41、h could be summed up as the sitters “Look before you leap“ versus the strollers inclination to “Just do it!“ Once you know about sitters and strollers, you see them everywhere, especially among young children. Drop in on your local Mommy and Me music class: there are the sitters, intently watching t
42、he action from their mothers laps, while the strollers march around the room banging their drums and shaking their maracas.Relaxed and exploratory, the strollers have fun, make friends and will take risks, both rewarding and dangerous ones, as they grow. In contrast, sitter children are careful and
43、shrewd, and tend to learn by observing instead of by acting. They notice scary things more than other children do, but they also notice more things in general. The psychologist Gregory Feist found that many of the most creative people in a range of fields are introverts who are comfortable working i
44、n solitary conditions in which they can f0CUS attention inward. Another advantage sitters bring to leadership is a willingness to listen to and implement other peoples ideas.Now, its time for the young woman in the Zoloft ad to rediscover her lure.（分数：10.00）(1).By citing the image of the woman, the
45、author intends to_.（分数：2.00）A.exemplify the glamour of shynessB.prove the impact of a successful adC.discuss the reasons of her shynessD.analyze the advantages of being shy(2).The authors attitude towards the organization of childrens class is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.objectivenessB.skepticismC.disapprova
46、lD.indignation(3).It can be inferred from the text that many famous figures_.（分数：2.00）A.tend to isolate themselves from the publicB.might be too shy to become a great leaderC.are successful regardless of their shynessD.tell us the importance of accepting ourselves(4).Which of the following different
47、iates a sitter from a stroller?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic spirit.B.Keen insight.C.Executive effect.D.Eloquent appeal.(5).The author suggests that the traditional shyness of a woman_.（分数：2.00）A.ought to be glorifiedB.serves some purposesC.is a great appeal to menD.indicates an evolutionary tactic七、Text 4(
48、总题数：1，分数：10.00)Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have indulged in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzeneggers marriag
49、e after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid.Less delightful are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half of all households.The iconic American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is fading. In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster than those comprised of married people wit
