1、考研英语-531 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、It is an astonishing(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligent2.(分数:0.50)A.ifB.unlessC.so farD.so far as3.(分数:0.50)A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even if4.(分数:0.50)A.justB.veryC.just notD.not just5.(分数:0.50)A.make
2、B.make ofC.make upD.make from6.(分数:0.50)A.thatB.whichC.matterD.what7.(分数:0.50)A.seeB.thinkC.imagineD.believe8.(分数:0.50)A.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to beD.turn away from9.(分数:0.50)A.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.Unhappily10.(分数:0.50)A.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greater11.(分数:0.50)A.goB.walkC.trave
3、lD.run12.(分数:0.50)A.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.unreal13.(分数:0.50)A.ofB.inC.withD.at14.(分数:0.50)A.inB.atC.withD.from15.(分数:0.50)A.decreasesB.increasesC.reducesD.adds16.(分数:0.50)A.providedB.preparedC.armedD.got ready17.(分数:0.50)A.wantB.needC.requireD.acquire18.(分数:0.50)A.at leastB.at mostC.at lastD.at
4、the cost19.(分数:0.50)A.or twoB.and twoC.even twoD.of two20.(分数:0.50)A.pressB.haveC.makeD.entail三、Section Reading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Text 1(总题数:5,分数:10.00)21.Correctly exercising foresight is shown in the case of(分数:2.00)A.new products and services.B.an increase in minority popu
5、lations.C.stocking more foods with ethnic tastes.D.the art museum director.22.All the following are cited as examples of the importance of exercising foresight EXCEPT(分数:2.00)A.government administrators.B.school officials.C.school students and teachers.D.government planners.23.Which of the following
6、 may be regarded as potential crises?(分数:2.00)A.An alarming rise in local housing prices.B.The availability of skilled workers in the region.C.The lack of skilled workers in the region.D.The publics changing values and priorities.24.The best title for the passage may be(分数:2.00)A.The Use of Foresigh
7、t.B.How to Exercise Foresight.C.Foresight in Business and Government.D.The Best-known Techniques for Foresight.25.According to the text, the most important thing for the futurists to grasp is(分数:2.00)A.the future world.B.the present world.C.what is happening now.D.the world trends.六、Text 2(总题数:5,分数:
8、10.00)26.Which of the following can best describe the management of human resources in American companies?(分数:2.00)A.Human-resource management is not considered principal to the survival of American companies.B.Human-resource management is next to financial management.C.Gaining of skills is seen as
9、the firms responsibility.D.Human-resource manager only hired skilled workers.27.Whats the position of the head of human resources management in American companies?(分数:2.00)A.He is one of the most influential executives in the firm.B.His post is likely to rise when new technologies are introduced.C.H
10、e is directly under the chief executive.D.He has no right in marking important decisions in the firm.28.Whats the main idea of the text?(分数:2.00)A.American firms are putting less emphasis on human-resource management.B.Extensive retraining is vital to effective human-resource management.C.The head o
11、f human-resource management shouldnt be in the central position in a firms hierarchy.D.The human-resource management strategies of American firms will affect their competitive capacity.29.According to the text, the decisive factor in maintaining a firms competitive advantage is(分数:2.00)A.the introdu
12、ction of new technologies.B.the improvement of workers basic skills.C.the composition of professional and managerial employees.D.the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees.30.Most American firms put their money mainly in(分数:2.00)A.the establishment of new branches in foreign co
13、untries.B.the training of basic skills of their workforces.C.the research and development of new products.D.the financial and administrative fields.七、Text 3(总题数:5,分数:10.00)31.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that the trend of food obsession is(分数:2.00)A.adventurous.B.more and more popular
14、in the world.C.a global phenomenon.D.sweeping up every corner of the earth.32.The phrase “global cuisine“ (Line 6, Paragraph 4) probably means(分数:2.00)A.a world of young people.B.a world style of cooking.C.a specific food popular in the world.D.world foods in general.33.The best title for the passag
15、e may be(分数:2.00)A.Eating Better and More Adventurously.B.Food Globalization.C.The Trend of Dining.D.A Kitchen Revolution.34.It can be inferred from the passage that(分数:2.00)A.computer networking will be helpful in the food industry.B.24-hour supermarkets are not very common.C.few shopping centers a
16、re three-shift open at any hour.D.24-hour restaurants are not in practice in the great business capitals.35.According to the passage, the trend of new culinary mosaic is most accelerated by(分数:2.00)A.globalization.B.remote ingredients and cooking styles.C.great international hotel chains.D.chefs of
17、various nationalities.八、Text 4(总题数:5,分数:10.00)36.The advantage of telecities over megacities may include all the following EXCEPT(分数:2.00)A.reducing pollution.B.conserving energy.C.high cost of urban property.D.dealing with terrorist.37.What is the authors attitude toward the reconstruction of The P
18、entagon and the World Trade Center?(分数:2.00)A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Neutral.D.Hostile.38.Judging from the context, the word “they“ (Line 2, Paragraph 4) might refer to(分数:2.00)A.the security risks.B.the terrorist attacks.C.environmental hazards of over-centralization.D.the security risks, economic
19、 expenses, and environmental hazards.39.According to the author, the most active advocates of telecities are(分数:2.00)A.leaders and planners.B.urban architects.C.some corporations.D.government administrators.40.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?(分数:2.00)A.The telecity
20、 is a TV manufacturing city.B.The telecity is a city of the speed and bandwidth of networks.C.Singapore is closer to New York than Arkadelphia, Arkansas is in telecity age.D.Singapore is actually closer to New York than Arkadelphia, Arkansas.九、Part B(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十、A Periodicals in i(总题数:5,分数:10.00
21、)41.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_42.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_43.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_44.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_45.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十二、(46) Today, theres (总题数:5,分数:10.00)46.(分数:2.00)_47.(分数:2.00)_48.(分数:2.00)_49.(分数:2.00)_50.(分数:2.00)_十三、Section Writing(总题数:0,分数:0.00)十四、Part A(总题数:1,分数:10.00)51.You should write
22、 about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write your address.(分数:10.00)_十五、Part B(总题数:1,分数:20.00)52. (分数:20.00)_考研英语-531 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、It is an astonishing(总题数:20,
23、分数:10.00)1.(分数:0.50)A.cleverB.wiseC.brilliant D.intelligent解析:本题的考点为形容词的词义和搭配辨析。这句话是说“它实际上不仅是实验的结果,而且是爱因斯坦那被称作狭义相对论的对时空的_分析的结果”,所以 Cbrilliant“精辟的”符合题意。Aclever“聪明的”,Bwis“精明的”和Dintelligent“智力的”都与 analysis搭配不当,所以都不正确。2.(分数:0.50)A.ifB.unlessC.so farD.so far as 解析:本题的考点为对上下文的理解和连词的词义及用法辨析。这句话是说“但是_我们所能弄清
24、的问题,这是宇宙所构成的方式”,同时结合各选项的表达,可知Dso faras“就而言”符合文意,为正确选项。Aif“如果”,Dunless“除非”,C s。:far“迄今为止”都不符合题意。3.(分数:0.50)A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even if 解析:本题的考点为连词的用法辨析。这句话是说“但是_在一个更随意的宇宙里,也不会有多少知识、激情或乐趣”,从而可判断出此处需要一个表示让步关系的连词,所以Deven if“即使,尽管”符合文意。Annless“除非”,Buntil“直到为止”,Cif“如果,是否”均与题意不符。4.(分数:0.50)A.justB.veryC.j
25、ust notD.not just 解析:本题的考点为否定副词的用法辨析。这句话表达的意思是“自然法则不仅从性质上,而且从量上做了概述”,所以对应后面的 but可知此处应选Dnot just,此句的结构为 not just.but(also)。其他选项均搭配不当。5.(分数:0.50)A.makeB.make ofC.make up D.make from解析:本题的考点为动词词组的搭配辨析。该句的意思是“_ 一个像我们自己这样的宇宙的 1080个基本粒子以绝对的、永不妥协的抛弃来运转”,由此可知Cmake up“组成,构成”符合题意。Amake“制作”,Bmake of“用制作”,Dmake
26、 from“用制成”都不符合题意。6.(分数:0.50)A.thatB.whichC.matterD.what 解析:本题的考点为定语从句指代词的用法辨析。空格所在句子的意思是“世界对人类可能要做的事施加限制的观点令人沮丧”,分析句中的结构,可知此处缺少一个引导宾语从句的指代词,空格后的句子缺少宾语,前面又有一个介词来引导介宾结构,所以D)what 符合文意。其余各项都不符合句中的结构。7.(分数:0.50)A.seeB.thinkC.imagine D.believe解析:本题的考点为动词的词义辨析。这句话是说“我们或许能_一个宇宙,那里没有这样的法律”,因为现实中这样一个宇宙是不存在的,所
27、以Cimagine“想像”符合题意。Asee“看见”,Bthink“认为”,Dbelieve“相信”都与文意不符。8.(分数:0.50)A.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to be D.turn away from解析:本题的考点为 turn组成的固定词组的用法辨析。该句是说“然而,当我们进入其他领域时,常识和一般直觉_高度不可靠的向导”,由此可知Cturn out to be“结果是,证明是”,符合文意,为正确选项。Aturn to“转向”,B turn on“打开”, Dturn awayf rom“远离”均不符合题意。9.(分数:0.50)A.Fortunatel
28、y B.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.Unhappily解析:本题的考点为副词的词义辨析。该句是说“对我们而言_,我们生活在一个有着至少是可感知的重要部分的宇宙”,与前面提到的那个宇宙相比,可推知生活在这个宇宙应该是很幸运的,所以AFortunately“幸运的是”符合文意。BUnfortunately“不幸的是”CHappily“高兴地”,DUnhappily“不高兴地”都不符合题意。10.(分数:0.50)A.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greater 解析:本题的考点为对文章内容的理解和形容词比较级的用法辨析。这句话是要表示“比我们自己聪明得多的智慧”的
29、意思,intelligence 为抽象名词,比较级应用 greater,所以D项符合文意。Amore“更多”;Blarger“更大”和Cbigger“更大”都用来修饰实义名词。因此这三项都不正确。11.(分数:0.50)A.goB.walkC.travel D.run解析:本题的考点为动词的词义辨析。这里是要表达“为什么我们不能比光速 _更快”的意思,结合上下文可知这里是一种广义的说法,并没有具体指明哪一种方式,所Ctravel“行进”符合文意。Ago“走”,Dwalk“散步”和Drun“跑”都太过明确地指出了方式,而且都不适合光运行的具体情况,所以都不符合文意。12.(分数:0.50)A.l
30、ikelyB.unlikely C.reallyD.unreal解析:本题的考点为形容词的词义辨析。该句是说“这样一个宇宙能够有生命和智能似乎是_”,由前文提到的没有自然法则的宇宙,可知这样的宇宙是不可能有生命和智能的,所以Bunlikely“不可能的”符合题意。Alikely“可能的”,Creally“真正地,实在地”,Dunreal“真实的,虚幻的”均不符合题意。13.(分数:0.50)A.ofB.in C.withD.at解析:本题的考点为介词的搭配辨析。该句是说“我们没有接近光速旅行的习惯”,所以Bin,in the habit of“有的习惯”,为固定搭配,符合文意。其他选项的介词都
31、与句中的搭配不当。14.(分数:0.50)A.in B.atC.withD.from解析:本题的考点为介词的用法辨析。该句意思是说“我们朝着运动的方向缩减至零厚度,对我们来说时间接近于停止”,所以Ain,in the direction of“朝着的方向”为正确答案。Bat,一般指朝着具体的人或物;Cwith 不与 direction连用;D from,一般指具体的方位。因此这三项都不符合题意。15.(分数:0.50)A.decreasesB.increases C.reducesD.adds解析:本题的考点为动词的词义及用法辨析。这句话是说“我们接近我们的物质无限_的光速是令人震惊的”,同时
32、结合后一句中的 shrink“收缩,减少”可知前后是两种对比的情况,所以Dincreases“增长”符合文意。Adecreases“减少”和C reduces“降低”的意思与文章不符,Dadds“增加”与句中的搭配不当,所以这三项均不符合题意。16.(分数:0.50)A.providedB.prepared C.armedD.got ready解析:本题的考点为动词的词义辨析。这句话是说“我们的常识经历和进化历史已使我们为理解平凡世界的事情_”,由此可知Bprepared“准备”,prepare sb to do sth“使某人为某事做好准备”,符合文意。Aprovided“提供”和Carme
33、d“提供,配备”后面都应接介词 with,Dgot ready“准备”后应接介词 for。因此这三项均不符合题意。17.(分数:0.50)A.wantB.needC.require D.acquire解析:本题的考点为动词的词义辨析。空格所在句是说“因为人类和大脑某种内在的稳定和秩序”,根据上文可判断出他们需要这种稳定和秩序,因此Crequire“需要”符合文意。Awant“想要”,Bneed“必要,必需”,Dacquire“获得”均不符合题意。18.(分数:0.50)A.at least B.at mostC.at lastD.at the cost解析:本题的考点为固定短语的用法辨析。这句
34、话表示的意思是“要了解这样一个宇宙,我们会需要一个_和宇宙一样巨大的大脑”,从而可知大脑应该至少和宇宙一样大,所以Aat least“至少”符合题意。Bat most“最多”,Cat last“最后”,Dat the cost“以为代价”均不符合题意。19.(分数:0.50)A.or two B.and twoC.even twoD.of two解析:本题的考点为习惯表达法的用法辨析。结合各个选项,可知这里表示的意思是“大约每一两周”,所以A or two,or 在这里表示大约、或许,符合文意。其余各项都不符合文中的搭配。20.(分数:0.50)A.press B.haveC.makeD.en
35、tail解析:本题的考点为动词的词义及搭配辨析。该句是说“这样的禁律不仅将我们_向一点儿谦逊;它们还使世界更可知”,所以Apress“压迫,迫使”,press sb toward“将某人推向”符合文意。Bhave“让,有”,Cmake“使”和Dentail“使人承担”都不符合文中的搭配,所以都不正确。三、Section Reading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Part A(总题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Text 1(总题数:5,分数:10.00)21.Correctly exercising foresight is shown in the case of(分数:2.00)A
36、.new products and services.B.an increase in minority populations.C.stocking more foods with ethnic tastes.D.the art museum director. 解析:细节题。文章第一段第三句提到“有远见的艺术博物馆馆长会遵循计算机图像的趋势来使展览对年轻参观者更富吸引力”,由此可知正确地运用远见的例子是 D“艺术博物馆馆长”。A“新产品和服务”只是人们可以运用远见的对象,B“少数人口的增长”是文中提到的激励杂货店运用远见的原因,C“储存更多富有民族口味的食物”并未提到结果是否合适。因此这三
37、项都与文意不符。22.All the following are cited as examples of the importance of exercising foresight EXCEPT(分数:2.00)A.government administrators.B.school officials.C.school students and teachers. D.government planners.解析:细节题。文章第三至五段谈到了正确运用远见的一些例子,其中包括政府管理人员需要远见来使体系运转流畅、计划预算以及预防战争,学校官员需要远见来评估容纳的学生数、需雇佣的教师数等等,
38、政府机构规划人员开发出远见工具来用于战争中,也就是选项中的A、B、D三项都提及到了。学校师生只是作为学校官员的工作对象有所提及,因此正确答案应为C。23.Which of the following may be regarded as potential crises?(分数:2.00)A.An alarming rise in local housing prices.B.The availability of skilled workers in the region.C.The lack of skilled workers in the region. D.The publics c
39、hanging values and priorities.解析:推理题。文章第二段开头提到“远见可能会揭示那些在其成为危机前我们可以准备好处理的潜在威胁”,接着第二句提到房价的上涨可能会影响该地区熟练工人的招聘,所以可以被看作一种潜在的危机的应是C“该地区熟练工人的短缺”。A“当地房价的一次预警性上涨”是造成危机的原因,B“该地区熟练工人的可获得性”是一种条件,而非危机,D“公众正在变化的价值和优先权”是文中提到的更加复杂的世界体系的一部分。因此这三项都与题意不符。24.The best title for the passage may be(分数:2.00)A.The Use of Fo
40、resight. B.How to Exercise Foresight.C.Foresight in Business and Government.D.The Best-known Techniques for Foresight.解析:主旨题。综观全文,文章总体对运用远见的重要性提出了自己的看法,并用若干例子加以说明,所以A“远见的使用”符合文意。B“怎样运用远见”是一个方法问题;C“商业和政府中的远见”的范围太窄;D“众所周知的远见工具”淡的是技巧问题。因此这三项都不准确。25.According to the text, the most important thing for th
41、e futurists to grasp is(分数:2.00)A.the future world.B.the present world.C.what is happening now.D.the world trends. 解析:细节题。文章第六段开头先提到了未来学家对这个世界的认识以及对我们的影响,接着又提到“要观察的关键东西不是事件(突然的发展或某一天发生的事情),而是趋势(在诸如人口、土地使用、技术和政府体系之类的事物上正在进行的长期转变)”,由此可知未来学家要把握的最重要的东西是世界的趋势,所以D项符合文意。 A“未来世界”,B“现在的世界”和C“现在正在发生的事情”都与文中的意
42、思不符。六、Text 2(总题数:5,分数:10.00)26.Which of the following can best describe the management of human resources in American companies?(分数:2.00)A.Human-resource management is not considered principal to the survival of American companies. B.Human-resource management is next to financial management.C.Gainin
43、g of skills is seen as the firms responsibility.D.Human-resource manager only hired skilled workers.解析:细节题。文章第一段第二句指出人力资源管理没有成为企业生存的核心,所以A“人力资源管理被认为对美国公司的生存不重要”符合文意。D“人力资源管理仅次于财务管理”未在原文中提及,相关的论述在第二段:人力资源管理是专业工作,财务主管是二级主管;文章第一段第三句指出美国公司认为培训工人是工人自己的事,不是公司的事,所以C不正确;D在文中没有提及。因此这三项都不正确。27.Whats the posit
44、ion of the head of human resources management in American companies?(分数:2.00)A.He is one of the most influential executives in the firm.B.His post is likely to rise when new technologies are introduced.C.He is directly under the chief executive.D.He has no right in marking important decisions in the
45、 firm. 解析:推理题。文章第一段第二句提到“美同人力资源管理传统亡不被看作是公司在竞争性生存中的核心”,人力资源管理没受到应有的重视,同时第二段第三、四句也指出“人力资源管理部门经理只是个专业工作,在公司权力等级中此职位远离中心位置,并且该部门经理也很少参与主要的决策咨询,也没有机会升迁至 CEO的位置”。由此可以推出该部门经理在公司中的地位是微乎其微的,故答案为D“他没有权利制定公司的重要决策”。A“他是公司里最有影响力的经理之一”,B“严他的职位可能在引进新技术时得到提升”和C“他直接位于总经理的职位之下”都与文章的内容不符。28.Whats the main idea of the
46、 text?(分数:2.00)A.American firms are putting less emphasis on human-resource management.B.Extensive retraining is vital to effective human-resource management.C.The head of human-resource management shouldnt be in the central position in a firms hierarchy.D.The human-resource management strategies of American firms will affect their competitive capacity. 解析:主旨题。根据文章段与段之间的联系,同时把握全文的关键词 humanresource management人力资源管理”和 problem“问题”,可推断全文的主旨为:美国人力资源管理方面存在的问题影响其竞争优势,所以D项