1、考研英语-67 及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially (1) the advertisements are usually written with young people in mind. (2) advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to (3) sports event
2、s. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a number of (4) sports (5) condition that the name of the cigarette is (6) This is now (7) concern, because it does exactly (8) many ads try to do-suggest that smoking has some connection (9) being strong and athletic.In all this, the point of
3、 view of the non-smokers has to be (10) as well: “3 wish smoker would stop (11) the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant (12) having to smell cigarettes smoke.“ It has been (13) that, in a room where a large number of people are smoking, a non-smoker will breathe in the (14) of two or three cigar
4、ettes during an evening. (15) , non-smokers are now majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by (16) advertising or just aware that smoking is no longer really a polite thing to do.Faced with lower sales, the western tob
5、acco companies have begun to look outside their own countries. They have begun advertising (17) to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated western habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are
6、spending (18) money they have on a product which the west recognizes (19) unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South East Asia will become some of tomorrows (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A. that B. when C. where D. since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. In th
7、e place of B. In place of C. Besides D. Except（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. promote B. develop C. sponsor D. help（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. other B. another C. others D. some（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. on B. in C. with D. under（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. suggested B. claimed C. mentioned D. declared（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.
8、7).A. causing B. making C. giving D. setting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A.that B. which C. as D. what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A.with B.of C. for D. to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. believed B. thought C. considered D. regarded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. damaging B. spoiling C. decaying D. destroying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(1
9、2).A. in spite of B. rather than C. because of D. without（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. reported B. calculated C. said D. believed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. same B. comparable C. equal D. equivalent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. However B. Actually C. Then D. So（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. non-smoking B. no-smoking C
10、 anti-smoking D. against smoking（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. struggles B. fights C. campaigns D. battles（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. the little B. a little C. little D. some little（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. by B. for C. as D.with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. difficulties B. phenomena C. problems D. situations（分数：
11、0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or di
12、scounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted
13、workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on d
14、uring the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help (
15、he parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other a
16、ctivities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty a
17、ccounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours tha
18、t the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.（分数：6.00）(1).The central idea conveyed in the above text is thatA. home training is more important than school training because a child spends so ma
19、ny hours with his parents.B. teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.C. there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home.D. parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The aut
20、hor directly discusses the fact thatA. parents drill their children too much in arithmetic,B. principals have explained the new art programs to parents.C. a parents misguided efforts can be properly directed.D. a father can have his son help him construct articles at home.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).It can
21、 reasonably be inferred that the authorA. is satisfied with present relationships between home and school.B. feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior .to the .developmental program.C. believes that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel.D. feels that parent-
22、teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).We may infer that the writer of the article does not favorA. suggestions by the teacher to a parent in regard to improving the students scholastic average.B. written communications to the parent from
23、the teacher.C. having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught.D. principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The author does not directly state, but implies thatA. participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improv
24、es ones achievement in that area.B. too many children are lazy and have poor work habits.C. school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents.D. teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Both Boeing and Ai
25、rbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic app
26、roach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr. Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formationa V-shape, echelon or otherwiseexpend les
27、s energy. The air flowing over a birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of
28、 Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr. Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Veg
29、as were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen
30、oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr. Kroo points out that the aircraft could he sep
31、arated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly easy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is an
32、other matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones
33、 of increased turbulence, the planes wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr. Kmo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also he hard for airlines to coordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would al
34、low them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, Americans armed forces are on the ease already. Earlier this year the countrys Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing
35、to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, hut Dr. Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancas
36、ter lost over Berlin,“ he adds. So he should know.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that _.A. energy cost reduced in a formation of V-shape and echelon or otherwiseB. 25 birds might enjoy 71% less energy consumingC. a naturalistic airline works well than clever designs and li
37、ghtweight compositesD. Kroo and his group are opposites who think that buying new aircraft is wasteful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following can support “the principles are not substantially different“ ?A. Three passengers were in the most favourable positions during the experiment.B. 15% less
38、fuel reduction in carbon-dioxide output and nitrogen-oxide emissions during flying.C. Kroo and his team conducted their experiments in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Utah and London.D. Air crafts can occasionally swap places to turn in the most favourable positions as well as birds.（分数：2.00）
39、A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best defines the word “kinks“ ( Line 1, Paragraph 4) ?A. Safety perception. B. Display teams.C. Operational guidelines. D. Separation distances.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, what is beyond human ability now is to _.A. remain to see weather conditions
40、effectsB. investigate further in areas of increased turbulenceC. reschedule cargo aircrafts and military flightsD. coordinate the passenger aircraft（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the statement is true?A. The programme of paying Boeing to investigate formation flight is still not undertaken.B. Lissama
41、n knows the plans of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.C. Lissaman revealed that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the World War .D. Lissaman is working at Cahech and the University of Southern California.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Durin
42、g the past 15 years, the most important component of executive pay packages, and the one .most responsible for the large increase in the level of such compensation, has been stock-option grants. The increased use of option grants was justified as a way to align executives interests with shareholders
43、 For various tax, accounting, and regulatory reasons, stock-option grants have largely comprised “at-the-money options“: rights to purchase shares at an “exercise price“ equal to the companys stock price on the grant date. In such at-the-money options, the selection of the grant date for awarding o
44、ptions determines the options exercise price and thus can have a significant effect on their value.Earlier research by financial economists on backdating practices focused on the extent to which the companys stock price went up abnormally after the grant date, My colleagues and I focused instead on
45、how a grant-dates price ranked in the distribution of stock prices during the month of the grant. Studying the universe of about 19,000 at-the-money, unscheduled grants awarded to public companies CEOs during the decade 1996-2005, we found a clear relation between the likelihood of a days being sele
46、cted as a grant date for awarding options, and the rank of the days stock price within the price distribution of the month: a day was most likely to be chosen if the stock price was at the lowest level of the month, second most likely to be chosen if the price was at the second-lowest level, and so
47、forth. There is an especially large incidence of “lucky grants“ (defined as grants awarded on days on which the stock price was at the lowest level of the month): 12 percent of all CEO option grants were lucky grants, while only 4 percent were awarded at the highest price of the month.The passage of
48、 the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in August 2002 required firms to report grants within two days of any award. Most firms complied with this requirement, but more than 20 percent of grants continued to be reported after a long delay. Thus, the legislation could be expected to reduce but not eliminate backdati
49、ng. The patterns of CEO luck are consistent with this expectation: the percentage of grants that were lucky was a high 15 percent before enactment of the law, and declined to a lower, but still abnormally high, level of 8 percent afterwards.Altogether, we estimate that about 1,150 CEO stock-option grants owed their financially advantageous status to opportunistic timing rather than to mere luck. This practice was spread over a significant number of CEOs and firms: we estimate that about 850 CEOs ( about 10 percent) and about 720 firms ( about 12 percent)
