1、考研英语-752 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to (1) others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can (2) .But in the 19th centu
2、ry the mass production of goods (3) the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that (4) the development of the highway made person-to-person selling (5) slow and expensive. At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines,
3、(6) radio and television, made mass selling through (7) possible.The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best (8) to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action (9) be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or (10) to
4、 join the Army.Advertising as a (11) developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest (12) . In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or (13) 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its
5、gross national product (14) advertising.(15) advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it (16) benefits for the consumer (17) . Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far (18) t
6、han one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising (19) people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising (20) for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.（分数：10.00）A.re
7、questB.obligeC.affectD.persuadeA.transferB.secureC.enjoyD.performA.resulting fromB.dealing withC.leading toD.going forA.followedB.precededC.achievedD.inducedA.soB.tooC.veryD.moreA.secondB.andC.thenD.laterA.marketingB.advertisingC.salespeopleD.agentsA.profitsB.benefitsC.interestsD.gainsA.shouldB.woul
8、dC.mayD.willA.thoughB.otherwiseC.stillD.evenA.businessB.serviceC.productD.professionA.amountB.extentC.possibilityD.utilityA.similarlyB.supposedlyC.approximatelyD.accountablyA.withB.atC.intoD.onA.WhileB.ThereforeC.ButD.IfA.inducesB.reducesC.producesD.introducesA.as wellB.as usualC.as a resultD.as a r
9、uleA.moreB.lessC.cheaperD.dearerA.takesB.bringsC.givesD.deliversA.worksB.callsC.looksD.pays二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Can computer viruses ever be a force for progress? In the wild west of the online world, the archetypal baddies are computer vi
10、ruses and worms. These self-replicating programs are notorious for wreaking havoc in the systems of unwary users. But, as in the west, not all gunslingers wear black hats. Some virus writers wish their fellow users well, and have been spreading viruses that are designed to do good, not harm.Cheese W
11、orm, which appeared a few weeks ago, attempts to fix computers that have been compromised by the Lion Worm. The Lion Worm is dangerous. It infects computers that use the Linux operating system, and creates multiple “backdoors“ into the infected computer. It then e-mails information about these backd
12、oors to people who wish to misuse that computer for nefarious purposes such as “denial of service“ attacks on websites. (Such attacks bombard a site with so many simultaneous requests for access that it comes out with its hands up.)That might sound like a good thing. So might VBS. Noped. A mm. This
13、virus, which arrives as an e-mail attachment, searches a users hard drive for specific files which the (unknown) virus writer believes contain child pornography. If the virus finds any files on the proscribed list, it e-mails a copy of the file in question to a random recipient from a list of Americ
14、an government agencies, with an explanatory note.The notion of “good“ viruses may sound novel; but, according to Vesselin Bontchev, a virus expert with Frisk Software International in Iceland, it is not. However, early attempts to create beneficial virusesfor example, programs that compressed or enc
15、rypted files without asking a users permissionwere resented, because they represented a loss of control over a users computer, and a diversion of data-processing resources. Inoculating computers against infection sounds like a good idea, but fails because any unauthorised changes are suspicious.Chee
16、se Worm, even though it is designed to help the user whose disk it ends up on, suffers from the same objection. And VBS. Noped. A mm, whatever social benefits its author might think it has, is not even meant to do that. If it works, it will harm the user rather than help him. It is little more than
17、cyber-vigilantism. Appropriate to the wild west, perhaps, but if cyberspace is to be civilised, other solutions will have to be found.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we can infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.computer viruses might be a force for progressB.computers are full of viruses and wormsC.computers are w
18、ild in the westD.viruses are spreading online(2).According to the passage, the Lion Worm is _.（分数：2.00）A.similar to Cheese WormB.dangerous to a wide range of computersC.hazardous to the Linux operating systemD.a computer program for nefarious purposes(3).Judging from the context, VBS. Noped. A mm is
19、 probably _.（分数：2.00）A.a good thingB.an unknown virusC.a dangerous virusD.a benign virus(4).According to Vesselin Bontchev the notion of “good“ viruses is _.（分数：2.00）A.just like a novelB.something newC.something usualD.something unique(5).The purpose of the author in writing the text is to _.（分数：2.0
20、0）A.welcome “good“ virusesB.illustrate the nature of “good“ virusesC.expose the harm of “good“ virusesD.condemn the misbehavior of spreading viruses五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Information technologists have dreamt for decades of making an electronic display that is as good as paper: cheap enough to be p
21、asted on to wails and billboards, clear enough to be read in broad daylight, and thin and flexible enough to be bound as hundreds of flippable leaves to make a book. Over the past few years they have got close. In particular, they have worked out how to produce the display itself, by sandwiching tin
22、y spheres that change colour in response to an electric charge inside thin sheets of flexible, transparent plastic. What they have not yet found is a way to mass-produce flexible electronic circuitry with which to create that charge. But a paper just published in the Proceedings of the National Acad
23、emy of Sciences suggests that this, too, may be done soon.The process described by John Rogers and his colleagues from Bell Laboratories, an arm of Lucent Technologies, in New Jersey, and E Ink Corporation, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, starts with E Inks established half-way house towards true elect
24、ronic paper. This is based on spheres containing black, liquid dye and particles of white, solid pigment. The pigment particles are negatively charged, so they can be pushed and pulled around by electrodes located above and below the sheet.The electrodes, in turn, are controlled by transistors under
25、 the sheet. Each transistor manipulates a single picture element (pixel), making it black or white. The pattern of pixels, in turn, makes up the picture or text on the page. The problem lies in making the transistors and connections. Established ways of doing this, such as photolithography, use sili
26、con as the semiconductor in the transistors. That is all right for applications suck as pesters. It is too fragile and too expensive, though, for genuine electronic paperwhich is why cheap and flexible electronic components are needed.For flexibility, Dr Rogers and his colleagues chose pentacene as
27、their semiconductor, and gold as their wiring. Pentacene is a polymer whose semiconducting properties were discovered only recently. Gold is the most malleable metal known, and one of the best electrical conductors. Although it is pricey, so little is needed that the cost per article is tiny.To make
28、 their electronic paper the researchers started with a thin sheet of Mylar, a tough plastic, that was coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent electrical conductor. To carve this conductor into a suitable electric circuit, they used an innovation called microcontact printing lithography. Th
29、is trick involves printing the pattern of the circuit on to the ITO using a rubber stamp. The “ink“ in the process is a solvent-resistant chemical that protects this part of the ITO while allowing the rest to be dissolved.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph of the passage, we can learn that an el
30、ectronic display _.（分数：2.00）A.can be made as good as paperB.is cheap enough to be pasted on to walls and billboardsC.will be as thin and flexible as paperD.is difficult to be created in the form of flexible electronic circuitry(2).How many institutes or organizations are involved in the paper publis
31、hed in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences?（分数：2.00）A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.(3).Silicon is not used for genuine electronic paper because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is used in the semiconductor in the transistorsB.it is all right for applications such as postersC.it is brittle and costlyD.cheap and flex
32、ible electronic components are needed(4).Gold is used to ensure flexibility, because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is the most malleable and highly conductive metal knownB.it is priceyC.little is needed and the cost is tinyD.all of the above(5).The best title for the passage maybe _.（分数：2.00）A.A Special Electroni
33、c DisplayB.John Rogers and His Colleagues InventionC.The Creation of the Electronic PaperD.The Age of the Electronic Page六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US Constitution, but no one seems quite sure which way happiness ran. It may be we are issued
34、 a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift conceived of happiness as “the state of being well-deceived“, or of being “a fool among idiots“, for Swift saw society as a land of false goals.It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of false goals. We do, however, seem to be dedicated
35、to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.And at the same time the forces of American business are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desire
36、s but to create themand to create them faster than anyones budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on addicting us to greed. We are even told it is our patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying things.Look at any of the magazines that cater to women. There
37、 advertising begins as art and slogans in the front pages and ends as pills and therapy in the back pages. The art at the front illustrates the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. This, the perfumed breath she must breathe out. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must
38、 display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. This is the cream that restores skin, these are the tablets that melt away fat around the thighs, and these are the pills of perpetual youth.Obviously
39、 no reasonable person can be completely persuaded either by such art or by such pills and devices. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy this dream and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what is it they are trying to buy?De
40、fining the meaning of “happiness“ is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits,
41、will do to set the greedy extreme.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs of the passage we may infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.the US Constitution gives people the right to pursue happinessB.American people are at a loss as how to gain happinessC.Jonathan Swift did not believe in happiness itselfD.Amer
42、ican people tend to buy their happiness(2).In “advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them“ (Line 3, Par（分数：2.00）A.3), the word “them“ refers to _.A. American businessB. advertisementsC. sense of happinessD. peoples desires(3).In the authors view, buying things is regarded as _.（分数：
43、2.00）A.a patriotic dutyB.an action of supporting the national economyC.something addicting us to greedD.being taken in by advertising(4).It is implied by the author that the magazines are _.（分数：2.00）A.sheer art and slogansB.full of lure and deceptionC.dream of perfect beauty for womenD.useless cream
44、, tablets and pills(5).The best title for the passage maybe _.（分数：2.00）A.The Pursuit of HappinessB.The Right to Pursue HappinessC.The False Goals of American PeopleD.The Misguiding Force of Advertising七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Erroneous virtues are running out of control in our culture. I dont know ho
45、w many times my 13-year-old son has told me about classmates who received 10 for each “A“ grade on their report cardshinting that I should do the same for him should he ever receive an A. Whenever he approaches me on this subject, I give him the same reply: forget it! This is not to say that I would
46、 never praise my son for doing well in school. But my praise is not meant to reward or elicit future achievements, but rather to express my genuine delight in the satisfaction he feels at having done his best. Doling out 10 sends out the message that the feeling alone isnt good enough.As a society,
47、we seem to be on the brink of losing our internal controlthe ethical boundaries that guide our actions and feelings. Instead, these ethical standards have been eclipsed by external “stuff“ as a measure of our worth. We pass this obscene message on to our children. We offer them money for learning ho
48、w to convert fractions to decimals. Refreshments are given as a reward for reading. In fact, in one national reading program, a party awaits the entire class if each child reads a certain number of books within a four-month period. We call these things incentives, telling ourselves that if we can ju
49、st reel them in and get them hooked, then the internal rewards will follow.I recently saw a television program where unmarried, teenage mothers were featured as the participants in a program that offers a 10 a week “incentive“ if these young women dont get pregnant again. Isnt the daily plight of being a single, teenaged mother enough to discourage them from becoming pregnant again? No, it isnt, because we as a society wont allow it to be. Nothing is permitted to succeed or fail on its own mer
