1、考研英语-756 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In his 1979 book, The Sinking Ark, biologist Norman Myers estimated that (1) of more than 100 human-caused extinctions occur each day, and that one million species (2) lost by the centurys end. Yet there is little evidence of (3
2、) that number of extinctions. For example, only seven species on the (4) species list have become extinct (5) the list was created in 1973.Bio- (6) is an important value, according to many scientists. Nevertheless, the supposed (7) extinction rates bandied about are achieved by multiplying unknowns
3、by (8) to get imponderables.Many estimates, for instance, rely a great deal on a “species-area (9) “, which predicts that twice as many species will be found on 100 square miles (10) on ten square miles. The problem is that species are not distributed (11) , so which parts of a forest are destroyed
4、may be as important as (12) .(13) , says Ariel Lugo, director of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry- in Puerto Rico, “Biologists who predict high extinction rates (14) the resiliency of nature. “One of the main causes of extinctions is (15) According to the Consultative Group on Intern
5、ational Agricultural Research, what destroys (16) trees is not commercial logging, but “poor farmers who have no other (17) for feeding their families than slashing arid bunting a (18) of forest“.In countries that practice modern (19) agriculture, forests are in no danger. In 1920, U.S. forests cove
6、red 732 million acres. Today they cover 737 million. Forests in Europe (20) from 361 million to 482 million acres between 1950 and 1990.（分数：10.00）A.a figureB.a totalC.an amountD.an averageA.would beB.would haveC.will beD.will haveA.anything likeB.anywhere fromC.anywhere nearD.anything butA.jeopardiz
7、edB.threatenedC.riskedD.endangeredA.thoughB.whenC.sinceD.unlessA.varietyB.diversityC.polarizationD.differentiationA.throngB.quantityC.clusterD.massA.unsuitablesB.improbablesC.impropersD.inappropriatesA.equationB.formulaC.coordinationD.correspondenceA.whenB.likeC.thoughD.asA.orderlyB.widespreadlyC.ra
8、ndomlyD.denselyA.which placeB.how manyC.which timeD.how muchA.What is moreB.HoweverC.NonethelessD.ThereforeA.undermineB.underestimateC.understateD.undercalculateA.deplantationB.reforestationC.deforestationD.replantationA.tropicalB.territorialC.atmosphericD.environmentalA.capacityB.occupationC.opport
9、unityD.optionA.stackB.patchC.fieldD.plotA.high-qualityB.high-speedC.high-yieldD.high-levelA.expandedB.extendedC.enhancedD.improved二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Staring longingly into your empty refrigerator at 3 a. m. is about to become a whole lot
10、 cheaper. The U.S. Department of Energy recently released new efficiency standards for refrigerators and freezers manufactured after July 1, 2001. To meet these standards, next generation refrigerators must use 30% less energy.Manufacturers will achieve most of the energy savings through improvement
11、s in the compressorlower-viscosity oil and tighter bearings, for example. Other changes will include thicker insulation, more efficient fans, and increased surface area of the condenser and evaporator coils. Manufacturers will also step up efforts to incorporate smart features, such as sensors that
12、determine when defrosting is needed. “These are evolutionary, not revolutionary, changes,“ says Len Swatkowski, director of engineering for the Association of Home Appliance of Manufacturers in Chicago.The appliances will also likely employ a new blowing agent for foam insulation. The current agenta
13、 hydrochlorofluorocarbowill be banned as of January l, 2003, because of its ozone- depleting properties. Tests of a potential replacementa hydrofluorocarbonshow that it conveys heat about as well as the old chemical, with less harm to Earths ozone layer.If issues concerning efficiency, toxicity, and
14、 large-scale availability can be worked out, manufacturers will likely switch to the new blowing agent at the same time they incorporate the efficiency improvements.The bottom line: Consumers will reap energy savings of about $20 per year for a typical 20-cubicfoot refrigerator. And although the new
15、 refrigerators will cost approximately $80 more, consumers will see significant savings over a refrigerators average 19-year life. The new fridges will have the same features and usable space as conventional unitsThe DOE has now turned its attention to air conditioners, ranges and ovens, clothes was
16、hers, water heaters, and fluorescent light ballasts. Within a few years, all will be subject to new energy standards.（分数：10.00）(1).The new generation refrigerators will use less energy mainly because of _.（分数：2.00）A.thicker insulation and more efficient fansB.better design and lubrication of the com
17、pressorC.sensors that start defrosting when neededD.extra features which are added to the appliance(2).A new blowing agent will probably be employed because _.（分数：2.00）A.this new agent does no harm to earthB.foam insulation is neededC.the current agent no longer worksD.ozone-depleting properties are
18、 needed(3).“These are evolutionary, not revolutionary changes“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.Sudden and abrupt measures will be takenB.The features will be added graduallyC.A revolution will usually start slowlyD.The rules of evolution will alter step by step(4).The new generation refrigerator will _.
19、（分数：2.00）A.have longer working lifeB.cost no more than $80C.have less storage spaceD.save $20 from energy yearly(5).Through this passage, the author intends to _.（分数：2.00）A.introduce new efficiency standardsB.explain improvements in the new fridgeC.calculate the prices of the new fridgeD.promote sal
20、e of the new fridge五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You slip the key into the ignition and crank the engine to life. But before you put the car into gear, you tap a key on the keyboard mounted by the steering wheel, and your newest e-mail flashes up on the windscreen.This seductive satyr is what you get when
21、 you cross a car and a computer. Dubbed the “network vehicle“, or net-mobile, it may soon come to a driveway near you (probably the one belonging to your rich neighbor). In a net-mobile, a motorist could tap into a regional road system but also to map out a route around rush-hour traffic snags. Driv
22、ers and passengers will be able to send and receive e-mail, track the latest sports scores or stock quotes, surf the Web, and even play video games. Or so, at least, say a number of computer-industry firms such as Microsoft, Sun, IBM and Netscape.The modern car is already an electronic showcase on w
23、heels. On-board microcomputers improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. They operate anti-lock brake systems, and on some cars even regulate the firmness of the shock absorbers. But much of the technology needed to add extra is available now. A prototype network vehicle, produced by a consortium o
24、f Netscape, Sun, IBM and Delco (an automotive-electronics firm based in Michigan), was introduced at the recent annual computer-industry show in Las Vegas.It not only offered such desktop-computer-like services as e-mail, but allowed a driver to use them without looking away from the road. It was op
25、erated by voice commands and projected its data on to the windscreen, using the same sort of head-up display system found in modern fighter jets. Members of the consortium think a real-world network vehicle could be in production in as little as four years.Car makers have already begun rolling out s
26、ome of the features found on these prototype net- mobiles. If the driver of a General Motors car equipped with its On-Star system locks his key in the car, for example, an emergency centre can transmit a digital signal to unlock the doors. On-Star also calls automatically for help if an accident tri
27、ggers the airbags. Toyota and General Motors are among a growing list of firms offering in-car navigation systems. And in Europe, BMW and Mercedes-Benz recently introduced navigation hardware that can not only plot out a route, but alert a driver to traffic jams.（分数：10.00）(1).The future car will be
28、a machine which _.（分数：2.00）A.sends and receives e-mails, and surfs the WebB.taps into a regional road system to get directionsC.combines car functions and computer functionsD.tracks the latest sports scores and stock quotes(2).“An electronic showcase on wheels“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.a computer
29、 industry showB.a network car exhibitionC.a car that exhibit electronic achievementsD.a computer that have wheels(3).Compared with an ordinary modern car, the network vehicle will have an on-board microcomputer which _.（分数：2.00）A.projects data on the windscreenB.improves fuel economy and reduce emis
30、sionsC.operates anti-lock brake systemsD.regulates the firmness of the shock absorbers(4).The in-car navigation system has all of the following functions, EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.call for help if an accident triggers the airbagB.transmit a digital signal to unlock the doorsC.alert emergency centre if ke
31、y is locked in the carD.plot out route and alert one to traffic jams(5).The passage is written probably to _.（分数：2.00）A.promote electronic cultureB.advertise for the motor manufacturersC.attract potential motor consumersD.provide information about tbe net vehicle六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The big UK gr
32、ocery retailer TESCO is testing a database which knows when you like to shop, whats on the list and how much you are likely to spend. It also knows that three-quarters of a stores total profits comes from its top 10% of customers.Data miningthe intensive analysis of statisticsis being combined with
33、micro-marketingthe targeting of small groups of consumersto cause big changes in the way we spend. The U. S. retailer Wal-Mart now mails out to customers personalised weekly shopping lists with prices, together with a list of little temptations for their taste, budget and stage in life.These develop
34、ments may have profound effects on the way we bank as well on the way we shop. In perhaps six months a customer will be able to arrive at a supermarket, pick up a bar code reader and wander about the shop, clicking on to whatever he or she wants to buy that week. A member of staff will take the bar
35、code reader, use it to deliver the goods from the warehouse, while the customer goes off for a coffee or to have their hair clone.A 3D body scanner will come into use within a few years. A customer who stands partially clothed in a small room for about 10 seconds, can have his physical stature mappe
36、d to an accuracy of 1 millimeter. Then he or she can shop from home, with a television remote control device, flicking through the latest catalogue of offerings from a retailer.Fancy that outfit for yourself? A click of the button, and there you are, on the television screen, wearing it. Like to see
37、 it in another color? Click. Just got to have it? Another click to call up the Internet banking connection, and you have bought and paid for it, and a courier will deliver tomorrow.The revolution does not stop there. Mr. Treleaven, an expert in artificial intelligence and so- called neural networks,
38、 can tie together your current preferences, sprinkle with a little knowledge of how you are likely to age and predict your spending patterns for the rest of your life.Is it too intrusivean invasion of privacy? “In fact just the opposite,“ says Mr. Treleaven. “People welcome the chance to be given va
39、luable assistance in some of the humdrum chores of our time, and avoid being targeted by the irritations of intrusive advertising. The store owner will become the friend who gives valuable information to you.（分数：10.00）(1).The new method of marketing adopted by TESCO and Wal-Mart concentrates mainly
40、on _.（分数：2.00）A.the top 10% of their customersB.banking connections and paymentsC.lists of personalised shopping adviceD.collection and use of customer information(2).“Little temptations for their taste, budget and stage in life“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.giftsB.discountsC.suitable goodsD.bargains
41、(3).The future customer will perhaps be able to _.（分数：2.00）A.select goods electronically and have them deliveredB.click on what he wants and take it home right awayC.wander in the market and read the bar codeD.do shopping and have coffee at the same time(4).The significance of the 3D body scanner is
42、 that it can _.（分数：2.00）A.accurately map out your physical statureB.help you try on clothes on your home TVC.design an outfit by the click of a buttonD.help you flick through the retailers catalogue(5).The revolutionary marketing, according to Mr. Treleavan, is _.（分数：2.00）A.an act of valuable assist
43、anceB.a triumph of artificial intelligenceC.an example of intrusive advertisingD.an invasion of privacy七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Violent criminals with something to hide have more reason than ever to be paranoid about a tap on the shoulder which could send them to jail. Queensland police are working t
44、hrough a backlog of unsolved murders with some dramatic success. Greater cooperation between the public and various law enforcement agencies is playing a role, but new genetic-testing techniques are the real key to providing the vital evidence to mount a prosecution.Evidence left behind at the scene
45、 of any murder is guaranteed to outlive the person who left it. A blood, saliva or tissue sample the size of a pin, kept dry and out of sunlight, will last several thousand years. From it, scientific analysis now can tell accurately the sex of the person who left it.When matched against a sample fro
46、m a crime suspect, it can indicate with million-to-one certainty whether the samples come from the same source. Only twins share identical DNA. So precise is the technology if the biological parents of a suspect agree to provide a sample, forensic scientists can work out the rest for themselves with
47、out cooperation from the suspect.Queensland forensic scientists have been using the DNA testing technology since 1992, and last year they were recognized internationally for their competence in positive individual identification. That is part of the reason 20 of Queenslands most puzzling unsolved mu
48、rders dating to 1952 are being actively investigated. There also have been several recent arrests for unsolved murders.Forensic evidence was instrumental in charges being laid over the bashing death of waitress Tasha Douty on Brampton Island in 1983. Doutys blood-splattered, naked body was found on
49、a nude sunbathing beach at Dinghy Bay on the island. Footprints in the sand indicated that the killer had grappled with the 41-year-old mother who had fled up the beach before being caught and beaten to death.According to Leo Freney, the supervising forensic scientist at the John Tonge Centre at Brisbanes Griffith University, DNA testing has become an invaluable tool for police. Its use is in identifying and rejecting suspects. In fact, he says, it eliminates more people that it convicts.“It is ea
