1、考研英语-763 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints (1) the construction of ideal states, such as (2) to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, R
2、oman theorists ignored, or rejected (3) valueless, intellectual exercises like Platos Republic, in (4) the relationship of the individual to the state was (5) out painstakingly without reference to (6) states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Ciceros De Re Publiea, an
3、d even here Cicero had Rome clearly in (7) . Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it (8) religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was (9) to have received authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the “guarantor“ of Rome. All constitutional (10) was
4、a method of conferring and administering the (11) . Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the (12) , the family heads who formed the original senate, (13) the religious character necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to (14) the gods. Being practical as
5、well as exclusive, the senators moved (15) to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on (16) months, and later extending its possession to lower officials. (17) the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing (18) authority embodied only
6、 temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only (19) the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous (20) , as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.（分数：10.00）A.withB.forC.inD.toA.temptedB.attractedC.appealedD.transferredA.onB.forC.asD.a
7、boutA.whichB.thatC.whatD.itA.turnedB.workedC.broughtD.madeA.specialB.specificC.peculiarD.particularA.existenceB.storeC.realityD.mindA.abandonedB.caughtC.separatedD.involvedA.toldB.heldC.suggestedD.advisedA.tendencyB.procedureC.developmentD.relationA.authorityB.powerC.controlD.rulingA.officersB.menC.
8、administratorsD.fathersA.possessedB.claimedC.assuredD.enforcedA.confirmB.conferC.ConsultD.considerA.overB.alongC.OnD.aboutA.alternateB.differentC.variedD.severalA.AndB.SoC.OrD.ButA.stateB.countryC.peopleD.nationalA.asB.whenC.ifD.soA.dimensionB.complexityC.exerciseD.function二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0
9、，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The extension of democratic rights in tile first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing sta
10、tus, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different
11、 and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility.In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened th
12、e doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non Anglo-Saxon, working-class, and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational:
13、 its objects was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information.For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwa
14、rdness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and
15、even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for
16、the apprentice meant standing still, not rising.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Democratic ideas started with education.B.Federalists were opposed to education.C.New education helped confirm peoples social status.D.Old education had been in tune with hi
17、erarchical society.(2).The difference between “gentleman-in-waiting“ and “journeyman“ is that（分数：2.00）A.Education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders.B.Journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to them.C.Gentleman-in-waiting belonged to fixed and high social class.D.Journeyman
18、 could do practically nothing without education.(3).According to the second paragraph, land-grant college（分数：2.00）A.belonged to the land-owning class,B.enlarged the scope of education.C.was provided only to the poor.D.benefited all but the upper class.(4).Which of the following was the most importan
19、t for a “gentleman-in-waiting“?（分数：2.00）A.Manners.B.Educations.C.Moral.D.Personality.(5).The best title for the passage is（分数：2.00）A.Education and Progress.B.Old and New Social Norms.C.New Education: Opportunities for More.D.Demerits of Hierarchical Society.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One meaning of the
20、 Greek word “dran“ is to accomplish, and in this meaning lies a further key to the structure of drama. A play concerns a human agent attempting to accomplish some purpose. In tragedy his attempt is, in personal terms at least, unsuccessful; in comedy it is successful; in the problem play final accom
21、plishment is often either ambiguous or doubtful.This action, from the beginning to the end of a movement toward a purposed goal, must also have a middle; it must proceed through a number of steps, the succession of incidents which make up the plot. Because the dramatist is concerned with the meaning
22、 and logic of events rather than with their casual relationship in time, he will probably select his material and order it on a basis of the operation, in human affairs, of laws of cause and effect. It is in this causal relationship of incidents that the element of conflict, present in virtually all
23、 plays, appears. The central figure of the play-the protagonist-encounters difficulties; his purpose or purposes conflict with events or circumstances, with purposes of other characters in the play, or with cross-purposes which exist within his own thoughts and desires. These difficulties threaten t
24、he protagonists accomplishment; in other words, they present complications, and his success or failure in dealing with these complications determines the outcome. Normally, complications build through the play in order of increasing difficulty; one complication may be added to another, or one may gr
25、ow out of the solution of a preceding one. At some point in this chain of complication and solution, achieved or attempted, the protagonist performs an act or makes a decision which irrevocably commits him to a further course, points toward certain general consequences. This point is usually called
26、the crisis; the complications and solutions which follow work out the logical steps from crisis to find resolution, or denouement.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph of the text, a dramatist（分数：2.00）A.seldom believes what he writes about.B.portrays what he experiences in the drams.C.conce
27、rns himself with the results of human effort.D.tries to convince his audience of what he believes.(2).A drama is arranged mainly in accordance with（分数：2.00）A.the will of the dramatist.B.the sequence of events.C.the law of dramatic art.D.the need of performance.(3).A dramatist usually（分数：2.00）A.clari
28、fies the complicated relationship in his drams.B.makes the relationship in his drama more complicated.C.hopes to see his protagonist win an easy victory.D.likes to present his protagonist as threatening fellows.(4).The word “crisis“ (in the last line but one, Para. 2) most probably implies（分数：2.00）A
29、.a dangerous moment.B.the last decision.C.the crucial point.D.a brave engagement.(5).In the text, the author mainly deals with（分数：2.00）A.the necessity of drama in a culture.B.some social functions of dramas.C.the responsibility of dramatists,D.some key elements in drama-making六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00
30、)Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space.“The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet,“ Cerf told the firs
31、t day of the annual conference of the Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1,500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the InternetCed believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbit
32、ing another planet such as Mars. “There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming closer and closer and merging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today. We will
33、need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways,“ Cerf said.Francois Fluekiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying “We need dreams like this. But I dont kn
34、ow any Martian whom Id like to communicate with through the Internet. Cerf has been working with NASAs Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratory-the people behind the recent Mars expedition-to design what he calls an “interplanetary Internet protocol“ He believes that astronauts will want to use the Intern
35、et, although special problems remain with interference and delay.“This is quite real The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now,“ Cerf told the conference.“If we use domain names like Earth or Mars jet propulsion l
36、aboratory people would be coming together with people from the Internet community. He added.“The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission.“He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind of fu
37、ture technological advances.“The whole ides is to create an architecture so the design works anywhere. I dont know where were going to have to put it but my guess is that well be going out there some time,“ Cerf said.“If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely
38、research 50 years from now will become commercialized./（分数：10.00）(1).According to Cerf, the purpose to design interplanetary Internet is to（分数：2.00）A.send real-time science data.B.communicate with astronauts.C.lay foundation for future technological advances.D.commercialize it(2).From the text, we l
39、earn that Vinton Cerf is（分数：2.00）A.seeking answers to questions about the Internet web.B.working on interplanetary Internet with collaboration of NASA.C.trying to commercialize the interplanetary InternetD.exploring the possibility of establishing Internet network on Mars.(3).It can be inferred from
40、 the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.the dram to build interplanetary Internet can be fulfilled in the futureB.interplanetary Internet will become commercialized in 100 years.C.the research of Internet took 50 years.D.it will take a long time to build interplanetary Internet.(4).We know from the text
41、that Mars mission is（分数：2.00）A.one of NASAs Internet projects.B.an expedition to Mars.C.the infrastructure of the interplanetary InternetD.to create an architecture on Mars.(5).Which of the following is the main point of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The development of the Internet.B.The possibility of space
42、research.C.Universal information superhighway.D.The technological advances of Mars mission.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things“ -physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used-that a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can t
43、ell us about the groups history and way of life Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of “thing“ in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical, performance befor
44、e the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well a
45、s paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, for we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music o
46、r printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed v
47、ersions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.Music is deep-rooted in th
48、e cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the fold music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country f
49、or the sake of their unique culture. As always, peoples aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution“, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These
