1、考研英语-791 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like all the huge metropolises of the world, there are lots of diversions both outdoors and indoors in Chicago. The Art Institute of Chicago has one of the worlds (1) art collections, including more French Impressionist painting
2、s than even in the Paris Louvre itself. The Field Museum of Natural History and the Museum of Science and Industry are also great historical and cultural treasure houses to (2) as well as entertain children and adults (3) In the Field Museum one comes (4) a surprisingly big collection of Chinese exh
3、ibits from the ancient (5) to the early century. The Sears Tower and the Buckingham Fountain are the pride of the Chicagoans; (6) having 110 storeys is said to be the highest tower in the world and the (7) is the largest fountain in the United States. Lake Michigan is for yachting in summer time, (8
4、) the highlights of Chicago life all the year round are concerts, operas and plays (9) by the citys orchestra, opera houses and theatres. In summer, especially around the Independence Day, July 4th, many festivals and fairs are given outdoors, which, (10) crowds and crowds of people, with their para
5、des, fireworks, (11) concerts, water-skiing and good foods.But with all its attractions and beautiful spots Chicago is also a city (12) for crimes. All the dwelling houses are (13) with three doors and visitors have to speak through microphone (14) in the wall to the residents before they can get ad
6、mitted. In the streets there are white-color telephones. When one finds oneself (15) , he needs only to knock the receiver (16) the hook and the next instant the police will (17) . If one does not drive a car, it may well be dangerous for him or her to go out alone in the evening. At first I did not
7、 take this warning seriously. (18) , my two encounters with the Black people (19) dusk in the neighborhood were so unpleasant and frightening that I have (20) shut myself evenings in my room, in almost all studying, imposing a curfew on myself.（分数：10.00）A.smallestB.smallerC.greatestD.greaterA.instru
8、ctB.tellC.informD.conductA.alikeB.both.C.likeD.eitherA.uponB.toC.withD.forA.ageB.agesC.timeD.timesA.the firstB.the formerC.the previousD.the formalA.laterB.latterC.lateD.formerA.whenB.asC.whileD.butA.givenB.performedC.conductedD.actedA.amazedB.enticedC.capturedD.attractedA.outsidesB.outdoorC.without
9、D.withinA.notoriousB.knownC.famousD.popularA.guardedB.defendedC.protectedD.forefendedA.equippedB.installedC.putD.insertedA.in the momentB.in necessityC.in a junctureD.in an emergencyA.offB.outC.downD.awayA.rescue himB.come to his rescueC.come to saveD.saveA.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.WhateverA.in
10、B.onC.atD.byA.sinceB.thenC.afterD.until二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A child may lean against a doorpost with his or her arms folded. To the onlooker, it may look like a benign posturehowever, there may be a victimized child who understands that th
11、is is the bullys “shorthand“ code of conveying the message: “Hand me your lunch as you walk by me, or else.“Bullying may be expressed in many forms. Boys are generally targeted more than girls. Boys tend to use physical aggression when they bully .by hitting, kicking, and fighting. Girls, on the oth
12、er hand, more often use exclusionary techniques to bullya form of aggression often referred to as relational aggression. Girls often start rumors, form cliques to keep certain people out, and ignore other children in attempts to show dominance over another child.Many children who are victimized fit
13、into one of two types: the passive victim, and the provocative victim. While people often feel bad about passive victims, provocative victims often elicit less compassion from others. Sometimes it appears that the provocative victim has “brought on“ his or her own fatebut does any child deserve to b
14、e the target of repeated physical or verbal aggression? Why might so-called provocative victims actively participate in being the target of bullying: For example, are their provocative gestures simply a clumsy way of attempting to interact with others? One feels compassion for the inhibited child be
15、cause he is reserved; a social misfortune in our society, but an aggressive child is given none of this.The dynamics of the bully/victim relationship need to be understood in a larger context (Pepler, Craig the formation of a recognizably national state often responds to deep popular sentiment, but
16、can and does sometimes bring in its wake inhuman consequences, including violent expulsion and “cleansing“ of non-nationals, all the way to organized mass murder. The moral debate on nationalism reflects a deep moral tension between solidarity with oppressed national groups on the one hand and repul
17、sion in the face of crimes perpetrated in the name of nationalism on the other.Nationalism may manifest itself as part of official state ideology or as a popular (non-state) movement and may be expressed along civic, ethnic, cultural, religious or ideological lines. These self-definitions of the nat
18、ion are used to classify types of nationalism. However, such categories are not mutually exclusive and many nationalist movements combine some or all of these elements to varying degrees. Nationalist movements can also be classified by other criteria, such as scale and location.Nationalism does not
19、necessarily imply a belief in the superiority of one race over others, but in practice, many nationalists support racial protectionism or racial supremacy. Such racism is typically based upon preference or superiority of the indigenous race of the nation.（分数：10.00）(1).The two phenomena mentioned in
20、paragraph 1 can be summarized as _.（分数：2.00）A.the peace and the violenceB.the internal and the externalC.the attitude and the actionsD.the powerless and the sovereignty(2).The example of Native American Iroquois is used in paragraph 2 to _.（分数：2.00）A.show the differences between nations and statesB.
21、discuss the differences between internal and external affairsC.indicate their strive to form a stateD.present their identity as a people(3).The word “ambivalent“ ( Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.attractive for its unique featuresB.characterized by a mixture of opposite feeling
22、s or attitudesC.having a strong desire for success or achievementD.requiring full use of your abilities or resources(4).Paragraph 4 talks about the issue of nationalism from the perspective of _.（分数：2.00）A.typesB.definitionsC.combinationsD.criteria(5).Nationalism will become racism when it is combin
23、ed with _.（分数：2.00）A.political practiceB.race superiorityC.race identityD.sovereignty六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Burkina Faso student teacher Hema Cecile has a lot more time to crack the books thanks to a recent initiative from the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The launch o
24、f the Lighting Africa program by the two organizations this year has made it possible for Cecile to swap kerosene lamps for a solar-powered LED lantern.Lighting Africa is a 12 million project which intends to bring light to the poorest regions across sub-Saharan Africa. The program works with the li
25、ghting industry to develop clean, affordable lighting and energy solutions for millions without access to electric grids. Its aim is to accelerate the market and to develop education programs that inform off-grid populations currently dependent on costly, inefficient and hazardous fuel-based lightin
26、g about modern alternatives.Cecile used to spend 3-4 a month on kerosene for her lamp. That is a large proportion of her earningslike 70 percent of the population she lives on less than 2 a day. In the weeks since buying her lantern she has managed to read four books including Madame Bovary. by Gust
27、ave Flaubert and Emile Zolas Germinal. She is among the most learned in a society which has the worlds lowest literacy rate, according to a 2007 UN Human Development Report. When she graduates next year she will teach in a local junior school She makes ends meet by holiday jobs as a cleaner and an I
28、T trainer. To earn her daily ration of cornmeal she does shifts from May to September in a corn field.The lanterns are designed to look like the kerosene ones they are replacing in order to increase adoption among the population. Each has a small solar panel on the top and costs an average 30, altho
29、ugh some cost 100, depending on the size of the battery and the number of LED lights it contains.Because of the large number of sunlight hours in Burkina Faso, the lamps can be relied on to work whenever needed. The battery life is 2-4 years, and can be replaced once they lose their storage capacity
30、. The LED lights last 5-10 years.Although it is barely out of its trial period the project, Chabanne said there are signs the project is a boon for the population in areas other than household savings and education. “There are fewer people reporting eye problems to the local hospital./（分数：10.00）(1).
31、The word “swap“ ( Line 4, Para. 1 ) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.to exchangeB.to destroyC.to inventD.to copy(2).The purpose of the Lighting Africa program is to _.（分数：2.00）A.do market researchB.provide new energy solutionsC.help African people to be independentD.promote modernization across sub-
32、Saharan Africa(3).Which one of the following statements is true about Cecile?（分数：2.00）A.She is illiterate, just like many of the citizens in her region.B.She works only from May to September every year.C.She is a full time employee in an IT company.D.She is still a student now.(4).Which one of the f
33、ollowing is NOT one of the measures to promote the use of the new lanterns?（分数：2.00）A.Similar looks with the old kerosene ones.B.Fixed price of $30 for all models.C.Reliable to work when needed.D.Replaceable batteries.(5).What does the author think about the future of the project mentioned in this p
34、assage?（分数：2.00）A.Uncertain.B.Optimistic.C.Pessimistic.D.Worried.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Do your children lie to you and their friends about their activities online? Do they feel empty, depressed and irritable when not at the computer? Do they have problems with school or work, yet they always seem
35、to feel energized again when they are at the computers surfing the internet? If you answered “yes“ to one or even more of the above questions, your children are suffering from internet addiction. The amount of time kids spend online is a source of headaches for many parents. At first, parents welcom
36、ed the Internet into their homes, believing they were opening up an exciting new world of educational opportunities for their children. But soon, to their disappointment, instead of using the Internet for homework or research, their kids were spending hours instant chatting with friends, playing onl
37、ine games or even talking to strangers in chat rooms, which is posing real dangers to the children.Maintaining a healthy balance between entertainment media and other activities in childrens lives has always been a challenge for parents. The Internet has made this challenge even more difficult. The
38、engaging nature of Internet communications and interactive games means many children and teens have trouble controlling the time they spent online.Unfortunately, parents and teachers do not realize that there is a problem until it becomes serious. To make it worse, Internet addiction is not widely r
39、ecognized by the medical community. (Mental health practitioners continue to debate whether this behavior is an “addiction,“ with some preferring to identify it as “behavior control problems. Children and young people can easily become “hooked“ on online activities such as multi-user games, instant
40、messaging with their pals and chat rooms. The children most easily influenced, according to the Computer-Addiction Services at Harvard Medical School, are those who are “lonely and bored or from families where nobody is at home to relate to after school.“Children who are unpopular or shy with peers
41、are often attracted to the opportunities for creating new identities in online communities. Boys, in particular, are frequent users of online role-playing games, where they have new identities and interact with other players. Although playing these games with thousands of other users may appear to b
42、e a social activity, for the troubled child or teen, too much playing can further separate them from friends and peers.（分数：10.00）(1).Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the activities children doing online that are giving parents headaches?（分数：2.00）A.Sending and receiving messages
43、with their friends.B.Causing dangers to the computers with viruses.C.Chatting with people they dont know in chat rooms.D.Playing internet games with their computers.(2).What is the “challenge“ the author is talking about in paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Children tend to have too much entertainment activiti
44、es.B.Internet communications and interactive games are absorbing too much time and energy of the children.C.The children planed their time and activities in a horrible way.D.To arrange the media entertainment and other activities in a reasonable way.(3).What seems to make the situation of internet a
45、ddiction worse?（分数：2.00）A.Parents and teachers failure to be aware of this problem.B.Medical hasnt advanced in such a way to treat the problem of internet addiction.C.Behavior control problems do not include internet addiction at current clinics and hospitals.D.Some doctors tend to exclude internet
46、addiction from the “addiction“ lists.(4).Who seem to be the group of children that are more easily to get addicted with internet?（分数：2.00）A.Children who are popular among a lot of friends, because they need to communicate with them even when they are online.B.Children who come from big families sinc
47、e they can get the attention they desire but fail to get from real life.C.Children who are not welcome among peers since online communication and games can satisfy their needs in a way real life can not.D.Children who like to play basketball, football and other sports activities since online game ca
48、n make all these more fascinating.(5).What group of people is this passage intended to talk to?（分数：2.00）A.Parents of troubled children.B.Troubled children.C.Medical practitioners.D.Computer and online games designers.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00) A Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the
49、sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig. F was able to spoof this system by“ harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. B Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure cal
