1、考研英语-820 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. (1) , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England c
2、all themselves English. The others (2) to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3) the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4) being classified as “English“.Even in England there are many (5) in regional character and speech. The chief (6) is between southern England and northern Englan
3、d. South of a (7) going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8) there are local variations.Further north regional speech is usually “ (9) “ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10) to claim that they work harder than Southerners, an
4、d are more (11) They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12) Northerners generally have hearty (13) : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14) at meal times.In accent and character the peopl
5、e of the Midlands (15) a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound (16) by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pronounced in words in which it would be (17) in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thr
6、ifty people, (18) inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19) as being more “fiery“ than the English. They are (20) a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words)Notes: fiery 暴躁的，易怒的。（分数：10.00）A.In consequenceB
7、.In briefC.In generalD.In factA.confineB.attachC.referD.addA.asB.whichC.forD.soA.withB.byC.atD.forA.similaritiesB.differencesC.certaintiesD.featuresA.factorB.virtueC.privilegeD.divisionA.lineB.rowC.borderD.scaleA.whoB.whenC.thoughD.forA.widerB.broaderC.rarerD.scarcerA.usedB.aptC.possibleD.probableA.
8、perfectB.notoriousC.superiorD.thoroughA.swiftlyB.promptlyC.immediatelyD.quicklyA.appetitesB.tastesC.interestsD.sensesA.helpingsB.offeringsC.fillingsD.findingsA.designateB.demonstrateC.representD.reckonA.deliveredB.denotedC.depictedD.definedA.quietB.obscureC.faintD.silentA.ratherB.stillC.somehowD.eve
9、nA.renderedB.thoughtC.impressedD.describedA.withB.ofC.amongD.against二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes: emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the b
10、ehavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire“ is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative.
11、 The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.Ano
12、ther reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico his teachers method of handling such a unit would greatly affe
13、ct his attitude toward Mexicans.The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom. these are a few of the fertile
14、fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.To
15、 illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and a
16、ll-day trips.Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of
17、 objective analysis of all the facts. (377 words)Notes: point up (= emphasize) 强调，突出。touch upon 触及。creed 信条，教义。inculcation 谆谆教诲。cajoling 哄骗。（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?（分数：2.00）A.An assertion is made and two examples are giv
18、en to illustrate it.B.A controversy is stated and two opposite points of view are presented.C.A widely accepted definition is presented and two men are described.D.An idea is stated and two results of recent research are summarized.(2).The central idea conveyed in the above text is that（分数：2.00）A.at
19、titudes affect our actions.B.teachers play a significant role in developing or reshaping pupils attitudes.C.attitudes can be modified by some classroom experiences.D.by their attitudes, teachers dont affect pupils attitudes deliberately.(3).In paragraph 6 the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.the teache
20、r should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude.B.in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades.C.people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion.D.childrens attitudes often come from those of
21、other children.(4).A statement not made or implied in the text is that（分数：2.00）A.attitudes can be based on the learning of untrue statements.B.worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area.C.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures.D.the attitudes of eleme
22、ntary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants.(5).The text specially states that（分数：2.00）A.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones.B.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home.C.teachers can sometimes
23、 have an unwholesome influence on children.D.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, wate
24、r, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in dange
25、r.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the l
26、abor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britains unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages
27、 policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their
28、 industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which mean that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which
29、 are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the ef
30、forts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. So
31、me trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards“ in many unions, “shop stewards“ being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level. (4
32、11 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Why is the interdependence of the UK economy mentioned in paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.To point up the importance of the trade union power.B.To outline in brief the great scale of essential services.C.To illustrate the danger in the whole economic system.D.To bring out a centralized
33、 and concentrated industrial society.(2).Because of their out-of-date organization some unions find it difficult to（分数：2.00）A.recruit new members to join.B.remold themselves as industries change.C.adapt to advancing technologies.D.bargain for high enough wages.(3).Disagreements arise between unions
34、because some of them（分数：2.00）A.take over other unions jobs.B.try to win over members of other unions.C.protect their own members at the expense of others.D.intend to represent workers in new trade organizations.(4).What basic problem are we told most trade unions face?（分数：2.00）A.They are equal in si
35、ze of influence.B.They are less powerful than ever before.C.They dont have enough members.D.They are not organized efficiently.(5).The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be（分数：2.00）A.British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks.B.A Centralized and Concentrated Society.C.The Power of T
36、rade Unions in Britain.D.The Structure of British Trade Unions.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Is the literary critic like the poet, responding creatively, intuitively, subjectively to the written word as the poet responds to human experience? Or is the critic more like a scientist, following a series of de
37、monstrable, verifiable steps, using an objective method of analysis?For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism, the subjectivity versus objectivity, or critic-as-artist-or-scientist, debate has special significance; for her, the question is not only academic, but political as
38、 well, and her definition will provoke special risks whichever side of the issue it favors. If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific-a valid, verifiable, intellectual method that anyone, whether man or woman, can perform-the definition not only makes the critic-as-artist approac
39、h impossible, but may also hinder accomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking, especially about sex roles. If she defines feminist criticism as creative and intuitive, privileged as art, then her work becomes vulnerab
40、le to the prejudices of stereotypic ideas about the ways in which women think, and will be dismissed by much of the academic establishment. Because of these prejudices, women who use an intuitive approach in their criticism may find themselves charged with inability to be analytical, to be objective
41、, or to think critically. Whereas men may be free to claim the role of critic-as-artist, women run different professional risks when they choose intuition and private experience as critical method and defense.These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be les
42、s an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle, in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers will be at stake, and with them the chances for a distinct
43、ive contribution to humanistic understanding, a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.As long as the academic establishment continues to regard objective analysis as “masculine“ and an intuitive approach as “feminine,“ the theoretician must steer a delicate
44、philosophical course between the two. If she wishes to construct a theory of feminist criticism, she would be well advised to place it within the framework of a general theory of the critical process that is neither purely objective nor purely intuitive. Her theory is then more likely to be compared
45、 and contrasted with other theories of criticism with some degree of dispassionate distance. (418 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the text?（分数：2.00）A.How Theories of Literary Criticism Can Best Be UsedB.Problems Confronting Women Who Are Feminist Lite
46、rary CriticsC.A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary CriticismD.Literary Criticism: Art or Science(2).According to the author, the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist literary criticism because（分数：2.00）A.women who are literary critics face professional
47、 risks different from those faced by men who are literary critics.B.there are large numbers of capable women working within the academic establishment.C.there are a few powerful feminist critics who have been recognized by the academic establishment.D.like other critics, most women who are literary
48、critics define criticism as either scientific or artistic.(3).The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the（分数：2.00）A.tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form
49、 preconceptions about women.B.limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific.C.likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed with prejudice by some academics.D.tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility.(4).It can be inferred that the author would define as “political“ (Line 1, Para.3) the questions that（分数：2.00）A.cannot be resolved without extensive debate.B.are primarily academic in nature and open to abstract analysis.C.ar
