1、考研英语-822 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. (1) , many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much too (2) . It fails to (3) the great danger
2、s we shall face in the (4) of biomedical technology that stems from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained (5) of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as is the unintended yet often inescapable consequence of sternly and successf
3、ully pursuing our humanization (6) .Certain (7) and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation have made (8) heroic efforts to “save“ the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are sometimes only partly successful: They may
4、succeed in (9) individuals, but these individuals may have sever brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating (10) . Such patients have been (11) a death with dignity. Families are forced to bear the burden of a (12) “death watch“.(13) the ordinary methods of treating disease an
5、d prolonging life have changed the (14) in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar surroundings of home or in the (15) of family and friends. This loneliness, (16) , is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. As a group, the elderly are the most alienated members of
6、our society: Not yet (17) the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted (18) . We have learned how to increase their years, (19) we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and feverishly push back the frontiers (20) death.（
7、分数：10.00）A.IndeedB.LikewiseC.ThereforeD.FurthermoreA.detachedB.prejudicedC.favoredD.interferedA.identifyB.promoteC.recognizeD.assistA.allocationB.expenseC.restrictionD.availabilityA.adviceB.accessC.executionD.exerciseA.functionsB.goalsC.purposesD.originsA.obtainedB.affordedC.desiredD.offeredA.possib
8、leB.probableC.properD.potentialA.supportingB.rescuingC.replacingD.retrievingA.maintenanceB.survivalC.lifeD.existenceA.deprivedB.repelledC.rejectedD.deniedA.shortenedB.prolongedC.removedD.extendedA.EvenB.ButC.OnlyD.HenceA.rangeB.scopeC.contextD.territoryA.wakeB.processC.companyD.lightA.moreoverB.howe
9、verC.henceD.thusA.limited toB.isolated fromC.prepared forD.absorbed intoA.awayB.asideC.offD.downA.exceptB.soC.orD.butA.aboveB.againstC.uponD.with二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (144
10、4 1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art hist
11、orians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur
12、 observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes.)The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficult to understand: most observers, up until the midnineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, be
13、cause his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro.Another reason for Botticell
14、is unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of larg
15、e-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art.In any ease, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments
16、 of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticellis personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking wo
17、rld. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century
18、Florentines- features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves-rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made t
19、he traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Bottieellis achievements.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Ap
20、praisals.B.Sandro Botticelli: From Rejection to Appreciation.C.Causes for Botticellis Rejection in Earlier Times.D.Botticelli and Florentine: A Comparative Study.(2).We can learn from the text that art critics have a history of（分数：2.00）A.suppressing painters art initiatives.B.favoring a Botticellis
21、best paintings.C.rejecting traditional art characteristics.D.undervaluing Botticellis achievements.(3).The views of Vasari and Home on Botticellis products are（分数：2.00）A.identical.B.complementary.C.opposite.D.similar.(4).The word “connoisseurs“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.representat
22、ives in the Pre-Raphaelite Movement.B.people who are in favor of Florentine.C.critics who are likely to make assessments.D.conservatives clinging to classical art.(5).What does the author think of Botticellis representation skills?（分数：2.00）A.They are to be fully appreciated.B.They evolve from an unc
23、ertain source.C.They underlie his personality.D.They conform to the classical style.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What would happen to the U. S. economy if all its commercial banks suddenly closed their doors? Throughout most of American history, the answer would have been a disaster of epic proportions,
24、akin to the Depression wrought by the chain-reaction bank failures in the early 1930s. But in 1993 the startling answer is that a shutdown by banks might be far from cataclysmic.Consider this: though the economic recovery is now 27 months old, not a single net new dollar has been lent to business by
25、 banks in all that time. Last week the Federal Reserve reported that the amount of loans the nations largest banks have made to businesses fell an additional 2. 4 billion in the week ending June 9, to 274.8 billion. Fearful that the scarcity of bank credit might sabotage the fragile economy, the Whi
26、te House and federal agencies are working feverishly to encourage banks to open their lending windows. In the past two weeks, government regulators have introduced steps to make it easier for banks to lend.Is the governments concern fully justified? Who really needs banks these days? Hardly anyone,
27、it turns out. While banks once dominated business lending, today nearly 80% of all such loans come from nonbank lenders like life insurers, brokerage firms and finance companies. Banks used to be the only source of money in town. Now businesses and individuals can write checks on their insurance com
28、panies, get a loan from a pension fund, and deposit paychecks in a money-market account with a brokerage firm. “It is possible for banks to die and still have a vibrant economy,“ says Edward Furash, a Washington bank consultant.The irony is that the accelerating slide into irrelevance comes just as
29、the banks racked up record profits of 43 billion over the past 15 months, creating the illusion that the industry is staging a comeback. But that income was not the result of smart lending decisions. Instead of earning money by financing Americas recovery, the banks mainly invested their funds-on wh
30、ich they were paying a bargain-basement 2% or so-in risk-free Treasury bonds that yielded 7%. That left bank officers with little to do except put their feet on their desks and watch the interest roll in.Those profits may have come at a price. Not only did bankers lose many loyal customers by withho
31、lding credit, they also inadvertently opened the door to a herd of nonbank competitors, who stampeded into the lending market. “The banking industry didnt see this threat,“ says Furash. “They are being fat, dumb and happy. They didnt realize that banking is essential to a modern economy, but banks a
32、re not./（分数：10.00）(1).In the eyes of the writer, bank failures in the early 1930s（分数：2.00）A.brought about an economic crisis.B.destroyed the whole U.S economy.C.contributed to economic recovery.D.exerted no influence on economy.(2).What is the attitude of the government towards the current situation
33、 in which commercial banks are caught?（分数：2.00）A.Indignant.B.Ironical.C.Apprehensive.D.Skeptical.(3).The role of commercial banks are being dramatically marginalized because（分数：2.00）A.the government no longer gave support to banking industries.B.bank officers were misled be unwise loaning strategies
34、.C.insurance companies have taken over part of the business.D.outside competitors invaded the business aggressively.(4).According to the text, what surprises the writer is that commercial banks fail to（分数：2.00）A.see its role in a modern economy.B.perceive the danger involved.C.appreciate their hard
35、earned profits.D.realize the value of customers.(5).Which of the following may be the best title for this text?（分数：2.00）A.Banks on the Cliff.B.Banks in Ruins.C.Banks in Conflict.D.Banks at Ease.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If good intentions and good ideas were all it took to save the deteriorating atmos
36、phere, the planets fragile layer of air would be as good as fixed. The two great dangers threatening the blanket of gases that nurtures and protects life on earth-global warming and the thinning ozone layer-have been identified. Better yet, scientists and policymakers have come up with effective tho
37、ugh expensive countermeasures.But that doesnt mean these problems are anywhere close to being solved. The stratospheric ozone layer, for example, is still getting thinner, despite the 1987 international agreement known as the Montreal Protocol, which calls for a phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs
38、) and other ozone-depleting chemicals by the year 2006.CFCs-first fingered as dangerous in the 1970s by Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina, two of this years Nobel-prizewinning chemistshave been widely used for refrigeration and other purposes. If uncontrolled, the CFC assault on the ozone layer coul
39、d increase the amount of hazardous solar ultraviolet light that reaches the earths surface, which would, among other things, damage crops and cause cancer in humans. Thanks to a sense of urgency triggered by the 1985 detection of what has turned out to be an annual “hole“ in the especially vulnerabl
40、e ozone over Antarctica, the Montreal accords have spurred industry to replace CFCs with safer substances.Yet the CFCs already in the air are still doing their dirty work. The Antarctic ozone hole is more severe this year than ever before, and ozone levels over temperate regions are dipping as well.
41、 If the CFC phaseout proceeds on schedule, the atmosphere should start repairing itself by the year 2000, say scientists. Nonetheless, observes British Antarctic Survey meteorologist Jonathan Shanklin: “It will be the middle of the next century before things are back to where they were in the 1970s.
42、“Developing countries were given more time to comply with the Montreal Protocol and were promised that they would receive 250 million from richer nations to pay for the CFC phaseout. At the moment, though, only 60% of those funds has been forthcoming. Says Nelson Sabogal of the U. N. Environment Pro
43、gram: “If developed countries dont come up with the money, the ozone layer will not recuperate. This is a crucial time.“It is also a critical time for warding off potentially catastrophic climate change. Waste gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and the same CFCs that wreck the ozone layer all ten
44、d to trap sunlight and warm the earth. The predicted results: an eventual melting of polar ice caps, rises in sea levels and shifts in climate patterns.（分数：10.00）(1).The author asserts that remedying the earth atmosphere will depend upon other measures than（分数：2.00）A.quick responses.B.energy efficie
45、ncy.C.great initiatives.D.scientific analysis.(2).In the eyes of the writer, the worsening atmosphere is something（分数：2.00）A.the world must safeguard promptly.B.that calls for costly measures.C.rich countries are responsible for.D.that is close to being saved.(3).The word “recuperate“ (Para. 5) most
46、 probably means（分数：2.00）A.“get over.“B.“pull through.“C.“turn up.“D.“come around.“(4).According to the text, what encourages the writer is that（分数：2.00）A.rich countries fail to come up with money.B.chemicals are brought under control.C.industries have turned to safer substances.D.threatening dangers
47、 have been noticed.(5).Towards the solution to the worsening problem the writer seems to be（分数：2.00）A.assured.B.slack.C.detached.D.active.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Republican Party has lost its mind. To win elections, a party needs votes, obviously, and constituencies. First, however, it needs ide
48、as. In 1994-95, the Republican Party had after long struggle advanced a coherent, compelling set of political ideas expressed in a specific legislative agenda. The political story of 1996 is that this same party, within the space of six weeks, then became totally, shockingly intellectually deranged.
49、Then, astonishingly, on the very moment of their philosophical victory, just as the Republicans prepared to carry these ideas into battle in November, came cannon fire from the rear. Pat Buchanan first came out to declare a general insurrection. The enemy, according to Buchanan, is not the welfare state. It is that conservative icon, capitalism, with its ruthless captains of industry, greedy financiers and political elites (Republicans included, of course). All three groups collaborate to let foreigners-immigrants, traders, parasitic foreign-aid lo
