1、考研英语-941 及答案解析(总分：106.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Almost exactly a year ago, in a small village in Northern India, Andrea Milliner was bitten on the leg by a dog. “It must have (1) your nice white flesh“, joked the doctor (2) he dressed the wound. Andrea and her husband Nigel w
2、ere determined not to let it (3) their holiday, and thought no more (4) the dog, which had meanwhile quietly disappeared (5) the village.“We didnt realize there was (6) wrong with it,“ says Nigel. “It was such a small, (7) dog that rabies didnt (8) my mind“. But, six weeks later,23-year-old Andrea w
3、as dead. The dog had been rabid. No one had thought it necessary to (9) her anti-rabies treatment. When, back home in England, she began to show the classic (10) -unable to drink, catching her breath-her own doctor put it (11) to hysteria. Even when she was (12) into an ambulance, hallucinating, rec
4、oiling in (13) at the sight of water, she was directed (14) the nearest mental hospital.But if her symptoms (15) little attention in life, in death (16) achieved a publicity close to hysteria. Cases like Andrea are (17) , but rabies is still one of the most feared diseases known to man. The disease
5、is (18) by a bite of a lick from an (19) animal. It can, in very exceptional circumstances, be inhaled-two scientists died of it after (20) bat dung in a cave in Texas.（分数：20.00）(1).A. fancied B. flashed C. flopped D. gasped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. because B. though C. if D. as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A.
6、 snap B. spoil C. stray D. suit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. to B. from C. about D. for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. at B. in C. to D. from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. likeable B. likely C. liking D. likewise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. change B. enter
7、 C. lose D. set（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. infect B. inject C. save D. give（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. symptoms B. groans C. goals D. coughs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. out B. down C. up D. off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. loafed B. loaned C. loaded D. located（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. pain B. worry C. terror D. cry（
8、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. for B. out of C. from D. to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. paid B. gave C. turned D. received（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. they B. it C. he D. she（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. seldom B. rare C. scarce D. less（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. transformed B. transferred C. transmitted D. transported（分数：
9、1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. injected B. infected C. injured D. inserted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. inhaling B. inverting C. inheriting D. initiating（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The history of the computer in the twentieth century is one of
10、dramatic adaptation and expansion. The computer had modest beginnings in areas where it was used as a specialist tool. The first electronic computer was built in the 1930s and was solely for the use of undergraduate students in Iowa State University to handle mathematical computations in nuclear phy
11、sics. In the 1960s an early version of the Internet, ARPPANET was used in computer science and engineering projects. However, only 10 years later computers were starting to change our life style, the way we do business and many other things and by the late 1980s networks were expanding to embrace se
12、ctions of the general public.Computerization has changed US high school education in many ways. Three different changes that consider being important. The first is the use of the computer as teaching aid for teachers. The next is the massive data storage and fast data retrieval facilitated by comput
13、er. Then comes the changes brought about by the introduction of simulation software.How prevalent is the use of computers in schools! As recently as the early 1980s only 20% of secondary science teachers in the USA were using microcomputers. However, since then high schools in the US have computeriz
14、ed rapidly. By 1987, schools had acquired about 1.5 million computers with 95% of public schools having at least one computer. Computers can be used as teaching aids both in schools and in homes. In schools, for example, teachers can plug a computer into an especially equipped overhead projector to
15、bring texts, graphics, sound and videos into a classroom. By these multimedia computer animations, teachers can more readily attract and retain students attention. Ann concludes that computer aided teaching can attract and motivate students who were dropping out when more traditional methods were be
16、ing used.Let us now turn to the Internet. This is a global network connecting many local networks. Over the Internet, high school students can retrieve information and databases from every networked library around the world in seconds. The World Wide Web provides an easy way to access hard-to-find i
17、nformation. Students can now reach any library through the global network and find what they want. The final step is to download the scanned image. Though the slow transmission of signal through the network is a major limiting factor, it can still save us much time in finding useful information, and
18、 thus it is an invaluable tool to both high school teachers and students.（分数：10.00）(1).The main point of paragraph 1 is toA. outline the main causes of computerization.B. outline the main consequences of computerization.C. give background information on computerization.D. give the authors viewpoint
19、on computerization.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “facilitated“ (line 3, paragraph 2 ) is closest in meaning toA. caused. B. developed. C. assisted. D. fascinated.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Computerization in school education seems to beA. yielding positive results.B. distracting the students attention.C.
20、reducing the number of school dropouts.D. relieving the burden of the traditional teachers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, the major advantage of the Internet isA. its convenience in obtaining information.B. its wide and cheap access around the world.C. its ability to process informat
21、ion.D. its adaptability to computer hardware.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards computerization seems to beA. indifferent. B. suspicious. C. biased. D. supportive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers c
22、laims that heat pumps can provide as many as units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor phase in a closed lo
23、op. The refrigerant, starting as a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor, enters compressor driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser, which transfers heat from the refrigerant to a body or air. Now
24、the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the
25、air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature of this second body of air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located inside, and the other one outside the house, so each is in contact with a different body of air: room air and outside air, respectively.The flow direction of refrigerant through a
26、heat pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat pumps-either to heat or cool room air.Now, if under certain conditions a heat pump puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in electrical ener
27、gy, has the law of energy conservation been challenged? No, not even remotely: the additional input of thermal energy into the circulating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for the difference in the energy equation.Unfortunately, there is one real problem. The heating capacity of a heat pump d
28、ecreases as the outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass moved through the compressor at one time. The heating capacity is proportional to this mass flow rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being compressed, the less the thermal load it
29、 can transfer through the heat-pump cycle. The volume flow rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approximately constant., But cold refrigerant vapor entering a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refriger
30、ant-and thus the thermal energy it carries-is less than if the refrigerant vapor were warmer before compression.Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat pumps: in extremely cold climates-where the most heat is needed-heat pumps are least able to supply en6ugh heat.（分数：6.00）(1).The primary purpose
31、, of the passage is to_A. explain the differences in the working of a heat pump when the outdoor temperature changesB. contrast the heating and the cooling modes of heat pumpsC. describe heat pumps, their use, and factors affecting their useD. advocate the more widespread use of heat pumps（分数：1.20）A
32、.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that, in the course of a heating season, the heatingcapacity of h heat pump is greatest When_A. heating is least essential B. electricity rates are lowestC. its compressor runs the fastest D. outdoor temperatures hold steady（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).If the a
33、uthors assessment of the use of heat pumps is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?_A. Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.B. Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implic
34、ations instead of on facts.C. Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective clients ability to believe.D. Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, the role
35、 of the flow restriction in a heat pump is to_A. measure accurately the flow rate of the refrigerant-mass at that pointB. compress and heat the refrigerant vaporC. bring about the evaporation and cooling of refrigerantD. exchange heat between the refrigerant and the air at that point（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D
36、.(5).The author regards the notion that heat pumps have a genuine drawback as aA. cause for regret B. sign of premature defeatismC. welcome challenge D. focus for an educational campaign（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is a favorite pastime of older people to lament the defects of the you
37、ng. Every generation seems to be convinced that in its day, standards were higher, schools were tougher and kids were smarter. But if I.Q. scores are any measure, and even their critics agree they measure something, people are getting smarter. Researchers who study intelligence say scores around the
38、 world have been increasing so fast that a high proportion of people regarded as normal at the turn of the century would be considered way below average by todays tests. Psychologists offer a variety of possible explanations for the increase, including better nutrition, urbanization, more experience
39、 with test taking, and smaller families. Some even say that television and video games have made childrens brains more agile. But no explanation is without its critics, and no one can say with certainty what effects, if any, the change is having on how people lead their daily lives. It is all the mo
40、re mysterious because it seems to be happening in the absence of a simultaneous increase in scores on achievement tests. One explanation for the rise is ruled out: genetics. Because the increase has taken place in a relatively short period of time, it cannot be due to genetic factors. The worldwide
41、pattern of rising scores in industrialized nations was discovered by Dr. James R. Flynn, now a professor at the University of Otego, New Zealand. He began looking into the subject in the 1980s in an effort to rebut Dr. Arthur Jensen, the professor from the UC Berkeley who argued that even if the env
42、ironments of blacks and whites were equalized, the 15-point gap in I. Q. scores between the races would only be partly eliminated. As Dr. Flynn investigated, he found that I. Q. scores were going up almost everywhere he looked. Although the gap remains, Dr. Flynn said the movement in scores suggests
43、 that the gap need not be permanent. If blacks in 1995 had the same mean I. Q. that whites had in 1945, he said, it may be that the average black environment of 1995 was equivalent in quality to the average white environment of 1945. “Is that really so implausible?“ Dr. Flynn asked. Meanwhile, the k
44、inds of intelligence that are promoted and respected vary from time to time, said Dr. Patricia Greenfield, a psychology professor at the UCLA. Playing computer games like Tetris promotes very different skills from reading novels. The new skills, she said, are manifested in the world. “Flynn will tel
45、l you we dont have more Mozarts and Beethovens,“ Dr. Greenfield said, “I say, look at the achievements of science, like DNA. Or look at all the technological developments of this century. /（分数：10.00）(1).The case of older people is mentioned to_. A. illustrate the defects of young people B. stress th
46、at standards of education are dropping C. imply that young people are actually not more stupid than earlier generations D. compare the intelligence gap between generations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of the intelligence increase according to the text? A. Its influence on peopl
47、es life is not clear. B. It is the result of better nutrition. C. Achievement test scores have decreased. D. People at the turn of the century scored lower on the I.Q. tests.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).On which of the following statement would Dr. Flynn most probably agree? A. The I.Q. score gap between bl
48、acks and whites could not be eliminated. B. The 15-point I. Q. gap was a result of miscalculation. C. Great artists will not appear in our times. D. Equal environments may result in equal IQ.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that intelligence_. A. should be respected and promoted
49、 from time to time B. has various forms and measurements C. will help game players improve their skills D. is strongly influenced by the achievements like DNA（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The text intends to tell us that_. A. the increase in human intelligence is an unavoidable process B. human intelligence is becoming more predictable C. human intelligence is getting higher in more than one aspect D. I. Q is the key to ones success（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1880, Sir Joshua Waddilove, a Victorian philanthropist, founded
