1、考研英语-960 及答案解析(总分：101.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good example of a popular technologys unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are (1) around the world, and when asked, their (2) say they love t
2、heir phones for the safety and convenience (3) provide. People also report that they are (4) in their use of their phones. One opinion survey (5) that “98 percent of Americans say they move away from (6) when talking on a wireless phone in public“ (7) “86 percent say they never or rarely speak (8) w
3、ireless phones“ when conducting (9) with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a (10) between our reported cell phone behavior and our actual behavior.Cellphone users-that is to say, most of us-are (11) instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it (12) a cumulat
4、ively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Gotfman observed in another (13) , there is something deeply disturbing about people who are“ (14) contact“ in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to (15) to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellpho
5、ne call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you (16) unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public (17) , a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners dont always passively (18) this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-spraye
6、d in movie theaters, (19) from concert hails and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20) behavior on their cellphones.（分数：20.00）(1).A. now using B. got used C. in useD. to be used（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. masters B. owners C. holders D. inventors（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. they B. who C. that D.
7、 which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. careful B. careless C. courteous D. cautious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. expressed B. exposed C. discovered D. found（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. other B. others C. the other D. another（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. and that B. as for C. whereas D. on the contrary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A.
8、on B. by C. via D. from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. acts B. actions C. operations D. transactions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. limit B. gulf C. river D. boundary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. either B. neither C. both D. all（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. has B. had C. has had D. had had（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. place B. l
9、ocation C. spot D. context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. in B. out of C. keeping D. having（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. insist B. adhere C. continue D. attach（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. and B. in C. into D. from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. space B. phone C. service D. facility（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. have B. find C.
10、receive D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. refused B. ejected C. rejected D. repelled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. good B. poor C. polite D. rude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Say the word bacteria, and most folks conjure up images of a na
11、sty germ like staphylococcus or salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria arent bad for you. In fact, consuming extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in food
12、s like yogurt. So far, the best results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But re searchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, prevent some food allergies in children and lessen symptoms of Crohns
13、 disease, a relatively rare but painful gastrointestinal disorder.So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of bacteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and
14、diet. An abundance of good bacteria in the colon generally crowds out stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the goodfor example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an ear infection, which kills normal intestinal germs as wellthe result can be diarrhea.For generations, peop
15、le have restored the balance by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from fermented milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distinguish them from antibiotics. Unfortunately, you cant always be sure tha
16、t the bacteria in the products you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that theyre still alive. Probiotics are usually sensitive to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Laetobacillus, discovered by Dr
17、 Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as its called, has been used to treat travelers diarrhea and intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L- GG also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of th
18、e most common causes of diarrhea in children in the U. S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus.Pediatricians at Johns Hopkins are studying a different bug, the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, whi
19、ch was discovered by researchers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not dear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They also have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Ho
20、pkins have shown that Bb-12 prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by r0tavirus, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages.（分数：6.00）(1).What the author mainly intends to say in the first paragraph is _.A. that n
21、asty germs can make you really sickB. that the word bacteria doesnt refer to the germs which make people sickC. the beneficial effects that most bacteria may produce on human bodyD. the possibility that beneficial bacteria may stop vaginal infections in women（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).According to this pa
22、ssage, _may result in the imbalance of bacteria in your intestines.A. antibiotic treatment for an ear infectionB. taking pills which contain freeze-dried germsC. eating yogurt or buttermilkD. eating products made from fermented milk（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).It isnt said in the passage that L-GG can be us
23、ed to _.A. lessen symptoms of Crohns diseaseB. fight against rotavirusC. treat traveler s diarrheaD. treat intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “intriguing“ in paragraph 3 refers to _.A. tractable B. dauntlessC. heroic D. appealing（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).This passage is
24、mainly about _.A. the definition of bacteriaB. health germsC. probioticsD. probiotics versus antibiotics（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, depending on your interpretation
25、 of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refusedand they ended up with several coves called Zog.America, the country of immigrants, has no truck with i
26、mported foreign talent. Article two of the constitution says that “no person except a natural-born citizen, shall be eligible to the office of the president“. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzcnegger.Barely a year has passed since the erstwhile cyb
27、org swept to victory in Californias recall election, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several “Arnold amendments“ in Congress: one al- low
28、s foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983. )It is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor, but he bas done little, as ye
29、t, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time from Canada: the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her closet than the hedonistic actor.M
30、oreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress, and then to be ratified by thr
31、ee-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running mil- itary superpowers.（分数：10.00）(1).The author of the text makes a contrast in_.A. Pa
32、ragraph 3 and Paragraph 4B. the opening paragraphC. Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2D. the concluding paragraph（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “has no truck with“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2 most probably means_.A. lacks means of transportation forB. never discriminateC. have no vehicle toD. refuses to consider
33、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schwarzenegger is at disadvantage due to_.A. more embarrassing secretsB. previous actor backgroundC. excessive garment decorationD. less slender figure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “cyborg“ ( Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably refers to_.A. A
34、ubgrey HerbertB. George Bush seniorC. William of OrangeD. Arnold Schwarzenegger（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph that_.A. the American constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycleB. there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold ru
35、nningC. abolishing slaver Yand granting women the vote given an impetus to Arnold runningD. both houses of Congress hold whether he deserves to win is another matter（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The extent of a nations power over its coastal ecosystems and the natural resources in its coa
36、stal waters has been defined by two international law doctrines, freedom of the seas and adjacent state sovereignty. Until the mid-twentieth century, most nations favored application of broad open-seas freedoms and limited sovereign rights over coastal waters. A nation had the right to include withi
37、n its territorial dominion only a very narrow band of coastal waters (generally extending three miles from the shoreline), within which it had the authority, but not the responsibility, to regulate all activities. But, because this area of territorial dominion was so limited, most nations did not es
38、tablish rules for management or protection of their territorial waters.Regardless of whether or not nations enforced regulations in their territorial waters, large ocean areas remained free of controls or restrictions. The citizens of all nations had the right to use these unrestricted ocean areas f
39、or any innocent purpose, including navigation and fishing. Except for controls over its own citizens, no nation had the responsibility to control such activities in international waters. And, since there were few standards of conduct that applied on the “open seas,“ there were few jurisdictional con
40、flicts between nations.The lack of standards is traceable to popular perceptions held before the middle of this century. By and large, marine pollution was not perceived as a significant problem, in part because the adverse effect of coastal activities on ocean ecosystems was not widely recognized,
41、and pollution caused by human activities was generally believed to be limited to that caused by navigation. Moreover, the freedom to fish, or over-fish, was an essential element of the traditional legal doctrine of freedom of the seas that no maritime country wished to see limited. And finally, the
42、technology that later allowed exploitation of other ocean resources, such as oil, did not yet exist.To date, controlling pollution and regulating ocean resources have still not been comprehensively addressed by law, but two recent developments may actually lead to future international rules providin
43、g for ecosystem management. First, the establishment of extensive fishery zones, extending territorial authority as far as 200 miles out from a countrys coast, has provided the opportunity for nations individually to manage larger ecosystems. This opportunity, combined with national self-interest in
44、 maintaining fish populations, could lead nations to reevaluate policies for management of their fisheries and to address the problem of pollution in territorial waters. Second, the international community is beginning to understand the importance of preserving the resources and ecology of internati
45、onal waters and to show signs of accepting responsibility for doing so. Thus it will become more likely that international standards and policies for broader regulation of human activities that affect ocean ecosystems will be adopted and implemented.（分数：10.00）(1).Until the mid-twentieth century ther
46、e were few jurisdictional disputes over international waters becauseA. the nearest coastal nation regulated activities.B. few controls or restrictions applied to ocean areas.C. the ocean areas were used for only innocent purposes.D. broad authority over international waters was shared equally among
47、all nations.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author suggests in the third paragraph that, before the mid-twentieth century, most nations actions indicated thatA. managing ecosystems in either territorial or international waters was given low priority.B. unlimited resources in international waters resulted i
48、n little interest in territorial waters.C. a nations authority over its citizenry ended at territorial lines.D. nations considered it their responsibility to protect territorial but not international waters.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Before the mid-twentieth century, nations failed to establish rules prot
49、ecting their territorial waters becauseA. the waters appeared to be unpolluted and to contain unlimited resources.B. the fishing industry would be adversely affected by such rules.C. the size of the area that would be subject to such rules was insignificant.D. the technology needed for pollution control and resource management did not exist.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From the last paragraph we learn that the extension of fishery zones may be a good thing in thatA. individual nations may in time take on greater responsibi
