1、考研英语-试卷 157 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: what personal qualities are
2、 (1)_ in a teacher? Probably no two people would (2)_ exactly similar lists, but I think the following would be generally (3)_. First, the teacher“s personality should be pleasantly (4)_ and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically (5)_, or even ugly, because many such have great
3、 personal (6)_. But it does rule out such types as the (7)_, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, frustrated, and over bearing: I would say too, that it (8)_ all of dull or purely negative personality. Secondly, it is not merely desirable (9)_ essential for a teacher to have a genuine (10)_ for sympathya
4、capacity to tune (11)_ to the minds and feelings of other people, especially, to the minds and feelings of children. (12)_ related with this is the capacity to be (13)not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which (14)_ people, and again especially children, t
5、o make mistakes. Thirdly, I (15)_ it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strength and (16)_, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shal
6、l be (17)_. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a (18)_ of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to (19)_ an actto enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or (20)_ praise. Children, especial
7、ly young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.（分数：40.00）A.substantialB.adorableC.desirableD.valuableA.draw upB.put downC.make outD.hand inA.agreedB.approvedC.recognizedD.acceptedA.liveB.livingC.lifelikeD.livelyA.strongB.plainC.simpleD.soundA.appreciationB.enjoymentC.charmD.ident
8、ityA.over-excitingB.over-excitableC.over-irritableD.over-sensitiveA.includesB.erasesC.involvesD.excludesA.yetB.neverthelessC.butD.orA.capacityB.strengthC.powerD.abilityA.outB.aboutC.inD.upA.SignificantlyB.CloselyC.ConsequentlyD.ParticularlyA.tolerableB.patientC.popularD.tolerantA.helpB.induceC.arous
9、eD.agitateA.regardB.estimateC.holdD.perceiveA.shortcomingsB.limitationsC.defectsD.drawbacksA.presidedB.managedC.orientedD.guidedA.bitB.littleC.lotD.coupleA.put acrossB.put onC.put upD.put in forA.allotB.assignC.awardD.reward二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.
10、Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Dream is a story that a person “watches“ or even “takes part in“ during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer“s life. They se
11、em real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls a
12、ll his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dre
13、ams occur in color. But persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper“s mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many mino
14、r incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears-especially those held since childhood-often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfill such wishes. Events in the sleeper“s surrounding-a loud noise, for example, may become part of
15、 a dream, but they do not cause dreams. Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has. Psychiatrists often use material from a patient“s dreams to help the person understand himself better. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. P
16、eople who get plenty of sleepbut are awakened each time they begin to dreambecome anxious and restless.（分数：10.00）(1).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.why we dream during sleepB.how we dream during sleepC.what dreams areD.What benefits dreams bring to people(2).According to the passage, drea
17、ms result from _.（分数：2.00）A.the sleeper“s wishesB.the sleeper“s imaginationC.the sleeper“s feelingD.the sleeper“s own mind(3).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Dream is a confusing story which involves little logic thought.B.Dream is related to he dreamer s real life.C.Dream is an imagin
18、ary, story which seems real while taking place.D.Dream involves events that always happen in real life.(4).This passage suggests that psychiatrists are _.（分数：2.00）A.trying to help the dreamer recall his earlier dreamsB.trying to make the sleeper dream logicallyC.studying the benefits of dreamsD.help
19、ing the sleeper fulfill his dreams(5).We may infer from the passage that dreaming _.（分数：2.00）A.is beneficial to peopleB.disturbs people“s lifeC.makes people always restlessD.deprives people of a good sleepAccording to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as eithe
20、r bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to re move the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think some thing can help us. An emotion does
21、 not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a per son“s thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns h
22、is emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotions: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions ma
23、ke a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from
24、 them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried abo
25、ut failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something _.（分数：2.00）A.one thinks bad or goodB.one feels in dangerC.one faces in the outside worldD.one tries to escape
26、 from real life(2).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Children learn emotions as they grow up.B.Babies are born with emotions.C.Emotions fall into two types in general.D.People can cope with the negative emotions in life.(3).The author“s purpose of writing this passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.
27、explain why people have emotionsB.show how people avoid the negative emotionsC.explain what people should do before emotionsD.define anti classify people“s emotions(4).We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if _.（分数：2.00）A.he can not think properlyB.he can“t pay attention to itC.h
28、e can“t finish itD.he is not full of energy(5).As used in the last sentence, the word “drains“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.stopsB.tiesC.weakensD.flows graduallyPeople do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often ac
29、cept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem. First the person must recog
30、nize that there is a problem. For example, Sam“s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For
31、 instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific. Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For in stance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work
32、because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible sol
33、ution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the think
34、er suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels. Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels
35、and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Six Stages for Repairing Sam“s Bicycle.B.Possible Ways to Problem-solving.C.Necessities of Problem Analysis.D.Suggestions for Analyzing a Proble
36、m.(2).In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except _.（分数：2.00）A.recognize and define the problemB.look for information to make the problem clearerC.have suggestions for a possible solutionD.find a solution by trial or mistake(3).By referring to Sam“s broken bicycle, the author intend
37、s to _.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate the ways to repair his bicycleB.discuss the problems of his bicycleC.tell us how to solve a problemD.show us how to analyse a problem(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.People do not analyze the problem they meet.B.People often accept the opinions or ideas
38、of other people.C.People may learn from their past experience.D.People can not solve some problems they meet.(5).As used in the last sentence, the phrase “in short“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.in the long runB.in detailC.in a wordD.in the endAdmittedly, minor accidents and slip ups continue to shake public c
39、onfidence in nuclear power. Given the unquantifiable risks that nuclear power carries, it is only right that the industry be subjected to the test of public opinion and due political process. However, this argues for exceptional vigilance, regulatory scrutiny and accountability-and not for bans or s
40、hutdowns. Those nuclear operators with a good safety record deserve to have their licenses renewed, so that existing plants may run to the end of their useful lives. The Bush administrations enthusiastic support goes a lot further than this, however. It also wants to see new plants. Proponents of ne
41、w nuclear power stations make three arguments in their favor. They will enhance energy security by lessening dependence on fossil fuels; Far from being environmentally harmful, they will be beneficial because they will reduce the output of greenhouse gases; And, most crucially, the economics of nucl
42、ear power has improved from the days when it was wholly dependent on bail out and subsidy. Yet these arguments do not stand up to scrutiny. The claim that governments should support nuclear power to reduce their vulnerability to the OPEC oil cartel is doubly absurd. Little oil is used in power gener
43、ation: what nuclear power displaces is mostly natural gas and coal, which are not only more plentiful than oil but also geographically better distributed. Security is enhanced not by seeking energy self-sufficiency but through diversification of supplies. Creating lots of fissile material that might
44、 be pinched by terrorists is an odd way to look for security anyway. What about the argument that climate change might be the great savior of nuclear power? Global warming is indeed a risk that should be taken more seriously than the Bosh administration has so far done. Nuclear plants do not produce
45、 any carbon dioxide, which is the principal greenhouse gas. However, rushing in response to build dozens of new nuclear plants would be both needlessly expensive and environ mentally unsound. It would make far more sense to adopt a carbon tax, which would put clean energy sources such as solar and w
46、ind on an equal footing with nuclear, whose waste poses an undeniable (if remote) environmental threat of its own for aeons to come. Governments should also dismantle all subsidies on fossil fuelsespecially for coal, the dirtiest of all. They should adopt reforms that send proper price signals to th
47、ose who use power, and so reduce emissions. Global warming certainly provides one argument in favor of nuclear power. But it is not sufficient on its own to justify a nuclear renaissance.（分数：10.00）(1).What“s the public“s opinion about nuclear industry?（分数：2.00）A.People have little confidence in nucl
48、ear power for the potential disaster of nuclear accidents.B.People think it important to exercise strict monitoring and effective management of the existing plants.C.People believe the best way to avoid nuclear disaster is to shut down all the nuclear power stations.D.People agree to prohibit the existing nuclear plants from running to the end of their useful lives.(2).The most important reason wily the Bush administration support more new nuclear power plants is that _.（分数：2.00）A.they
