1、考研英语-试卷 159及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion ab
2、out it, (1)_ develop a point of view. But this hasn“t stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing (2)_ the early conventional wisdom about digital camerasthey“re new (3)_ for you. But they“re not suitable for everyday picture taking. The fans are wrong: More than anything else, digital cameras
3、 are radically (4)_ what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5)_ we know it is beginning to seem out of (6)_ with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder (7)_ saving pictures as digital (8)_ and watching them on TV is no less practicaland in many ways mo
4、re (9)_ than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be (10)_. Paper is also terribly (11)_. Pictures that are incorrectly framed, (12)_,or lighted are nonetheless committed to film and ultimately processed into prints. The digital medium changes the (13)_. Still images that are (14)_ d
5、igitally can immediately be shown on a computer (15)_, a TV screen, or a small liquid-crystal display (LCD) built fight into the camera. And since the points of light that (16)_ an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17)_ being permanently etched onto film, they can be
6、 erased, retouched, and transmitted (18)_. What“s it like to (19)_ with one of these digital cameras? It“s a little like a first dateexciting, confusing and fraught with (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.rather thanB.let aloneC.much lessD.so as toA.onB.withC.toD.byA.attachmentsB.auxiliariesC.attributesD.counterpart
7、sA.re-explainingB.rearrangingC.re-exposingD.redefiningA.thoughB.ifC.asD.unlessA.rateB.paceC.stepD.speedA.environmentB.civilizationC.communityD.cultureA.filesB.documentsC.programsD.softwaresA.appealingB.facilitatingC.enlighteningD.encouragingA.convertedB.developedC.exposedD.evolvedA.unforgivingB.unpe
8、rceivingC.unconsideringD.unsympathizingA.aimedB.targetedC.focusedD.pointedA.regulationsB.rulesC.disciplinesD.principlesA.grippedB.seizedC.graspedD.capturedA.demonstratorB.exhibitorC.monitorD.transmitterA.constituteB.illumineC.penetrateD.dissolveA.in caseB.rather thanC.as well asD.as thoughA.on-digit
9、B.on-cableC.on-lineD.on-dataA.fireB.maneuverC.operateD.shootA.chancesB.probabilitiesC.opportunitiesD.possibilities二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D
10、._In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos that related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of enquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evide
11、nces provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a report which included advices for dealing with asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers
12、, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of cancers, asbestosis and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to p
13、lay a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its availability and low cost. As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended tha
14、t, where possible, asbestos free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibres were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which
15、 contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner. The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining
16、the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry. The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, wher
17、e possible, the use of the latter was recommended. A critical factor takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilatio
18、n should be used. By closely following these advices, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum.（分数：10.00）(1).Exposure to asbestos fibres can cause cancer _.（分数：2.00）A.only when asbestos is used in building industryB.only when it is used in large quantitiesC.even
19、if it is used in small quantitiesD.if they are used when wet rather than dry(2).Exposure to asbestos fibres is harmful to people“s health _.（分数：2.00）A.so the use of asbestos is limitedB.but asbestos will continue to be used for a long time to comeC.so other new kinds of materials are under developme
20、ntD.but they will not be so when ventilation devices are used(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the real danger comes from _.（分数：2.00）A.the asbestos dust that people take inB.the contact of the worker“s skin with asbestos particlesC.the inferior quality of the asbestos itselfD.the excessiv
21、e use of man made asbestos material(4).Evidence from the economists and the building industries shows that _.（分数：2.00）A.exposure to asbestos fibres is cancer-causingB.asbestos is in extensive use in building industryC.use of asbestos is being reduced graduallyD.exposure to asbestos fibres can be red
22、uced significantly(5).When could the risk of asbestos disappeared according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.When we adopt the researchers“ advice.B.When we don“t use asbestos.C.For many years from now, it will not disappear.D.The council have already find ways to prevent the risk.A good marriage means gro
23、wing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn“t easy, marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into di
24、sorder. But divorce is so common be-cause people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, net dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level
25、of compromise. Some of one“s fantasies, some of one“s legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. “While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bends“, says Dr. Whitaker.
26、Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow themselves to stop growing or changing. A divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation(拯救) for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of
27、 pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be like the first cut of the surgeon“s knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breaking up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing
28、 as the greatest cathedrals(教堂) of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, an ideal marriage
29、 life _.（分数：2.00）A.requires considerable sacrifice on both partnersB.requires that the couple be emotionally involvedC.allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two individualsD.is only an illusion in today“s society(2).In Paragraph 2, the word “legitimate“ most probably means
30、 _.（分数：2.00）A.lawfulB.biologicalC.personalD.reasonable(3).In the author“s opinion, a divorce is not an evil act _.（分数：2.00）A.if the marital life is imperfectB.if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two personsC.it the couple later get roamed again and and real loveD.if the couple live far awa
31、y from each other(4).The author believes the real cause for the increase of divorces today is that_.（分数：2.00）A.people have too many sources of entertainmentB.people have less internal restraintsC.people no longer enjoy family life as they did beforeD.people do not want to be confined by marital ties
32、(5).In Paragraph 2, the word “shackled“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.connectedB.pleasedC.restrictedD.disappointedThe full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were
33、fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Improve-meats were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders,
34、and various special harvesting machines were produced, Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm. In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of fanning. Between 1940 and
35、 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can sp
36、ray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others. A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation. On the farm lathe United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilize
37、d, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, gain and blend feed, and dry gain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, Space, and plant just the rig
38、ht number of seeds for a row. Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa, Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropic
39、s, but even today much of that land is laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pal-ling primitive plows. The problems of mechanization in some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are
40、designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere, Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.（分数：10.00）(1).The first p
41、aragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that_.（分数：2.00）A.the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the part of the farmersB.the use of internal combustion engine as a chief power source for the farm produced great influenceC.the mechanization of agricultura
42、l work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers of their workD.ingenious improvements were made in fanning machines in the 1860s to yield production(2).In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the word skyrocketed, most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.became variousB.was updatedC.increased rapidly
43、D.remained the same(3).In the tropical areas,_.（分数：2.00）A.mechanization is not yet used in agricultureB.agriculture is accepted fastestC.a lot of farm work is still done in the old wayD.mechanization is avoided to save primitive forest(4).By saying that “the problems of mechanizing some areas are no
44、t only cultural in nature“, the author means_.（分数：2.00）A.mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for economic reasonsB.human and animal labour in some areas are less expensiveC.culture is not a factor in obstacling the introduction of mechanizationD.different kinds of mechanized fanning to
45、ols are used in different cultures(5).What can we infer from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Human can be totally replaced by machines in agriculture.B.We cannot see mechanization in Africa,C.As long as adaptations been made, mechanization will be used in agriculture in tropical area.D.The number of farmers
46、who run a farm in America is less than that of the farmer who run a farm of under developed countries.Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last Decembe
47、r. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So there are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
48、The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil experts. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short item. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, tuxes account for up to
