1、考研英语-试卷 160及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era
2、 of (1)_ Oil is over. What we all do next will determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_.Demand is soaring like (3)_ before. As populations grow and economies (4)_, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle that (5)_ incr
3、easing amounts of energy. In fact, some say that in 20 years the world will (6)_ 40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, many of the world“s oil and gas fields are (7)_. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (8)_, physically, economical
4、ly and even politically. When growing demand meets (9)_ supplies, the result is more (10)_ for the same resources. We can wait until a crisis forces us to do something. (11)_ we can (12)_ to working together, and start by asking the (13)_ questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing
5、world and those of industrialized nations? What role will renewables and (14)_ energies play? What is the best way to protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts? (15)_ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_ to the next 50 years. At Chevron, we believe
6、that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the (17)_ on which to build this new world. We cannot do this alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution as (18)_ as they are part of the problem. We (19)_ scientists and educators, politicians an
7、d policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20)_ the next era of energy.（分数：40.00）A.fossilB.eternalC.easyD.formidableA.afterB.beyondC.laterD.afterwardA.neverB.longC.everD.sometimeA.take onB.take toC.take offD.take afterA.acquiresB.requiresC.rescuesD.inq
8、uiresA.consumeB.restrainC.resumeD.compriseA.emergingB.menacingC.eruptingD.maturingA.extractB.constructC.extolD.extemporizeA.amplerB.surplusC.emergentD.tighterA.accommodationB.competitionC.stimulationD.cooperationA.Or elseB.NeverthelessC.OrD.AlbeitA.commitB.striveC.conductD.simulateA.novelB.toxicC.nu
9、merousD.toughA.alternateB.subterraneanC.alternativeD.abundantA.OnceB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.WhateverA.but thenB.butC.but yetD.but forA.milestonesB.milieuC.cornerstonesD.correspondenceA.symbolicallyB.synchronouslyC.swiftlyD.surelyA.call uponB.call offC.call forthD.call overA.revokingB.reshapingC.revertin
10、gD.reversing二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._John Battelle is Silicon Valley“s Bob Woodward. One of the founders of Wired magazine, he has hung a
11、round Google for so long that he has come to be as close as any outsider can to actually being an insider. Certainly, Google“s founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and its chief executive, Eric Schmidt, believe that it is safer to talk to Mr. Battelle than not to do so. The result is a highly reada
12、ble account of Google“s astonishing risethe steepest in corporate historyfrom its origins in Stanford University to its controversial stockmarket debut and its current struggle to become a grown-up company while staying true to its youthfully brash motto, “Don“t be evil“. Mr. Battelle makes the read
13、er warm to Google“s ruling triumviratetheir cleverness and their good intentionsand fear for their future as they take on the world. Google is one of the most interesting companies around at the moment. It has a decent shot at displacing Microsoft as the next great near-monopoly of the information a
14、ge. Its ambitionto organise all the world“s information, not just the information on the world wide webis epic, and its commercial power is frightening, Beyond this, Google is interesting for the same reason that secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities are interesting for being opaque, col
15、ourful and, simply, itself. The book disappoints only when Mr. Battelle begins trying to explain the wider relevance of internet search and its possible future development. There is a lot to say on this subject, but Mr. Battelle is hurried and overly chatty, producing laundry lists of geeky concepts
16、 without really having thought any of them through properly. This is not a fatal flaw. Read only the middle chapters, and you have a great book.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “warm to“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.become evaporated throughB.be fed up withC.
17、be heated toD.become more interested in(2).Google is eye-catching due to its _.（分数：2.00）A.distinctivenessB.infinitenessC.selfishnessD.aggressiveness(3).The work by John Battelle would be perfected if appropriate consideration is given to _.（分数：2.00）A.the relationship between internet research and it
18、s potential future developmentB.secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities under controlC.the disappointments in Google and its rivals in respects to geeky conceptsD.companies“ interests in Google at the moment when the world“s economy is booming(4).According to the text, the author“s attitud
19、e toward Mr. Battelle “s work is _.（分数：2.00）A.strong disapprovalB.total denialC.qualified consentD.enthusiastic support(5).The text seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.a scientific paperB.a book reviewC.a graduation dissertationD.an academic criticism“I“m a total geek all around“, says Angela Byron, a 27-year-
20、old computer programmer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Community College. And yet, like many other students, she “never had the confidence“ to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internetdistributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that i
21、s then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the world“s most popular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source software, Ms Byron spent the summer contributing code to Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. “It“s awesome“, she says. Ms
22、Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepted for Google“s “summer of code“. While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer camp, the students neither went to Google“s campus in Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projec
23、ts happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor. Each of the participating open-source projects received $500 for every student it took on; and each student received $4,500 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt. All of this is the i
24、dea of Chris DiBona, Google“s open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google“s founders, last year. They realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills
25、 degrade. “We want to make it better for students in the summer“, says Mr. DiBona, adding that it also helps the open- source community and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open-source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, “it does become an opportunity for recruiting“. Elli
26、ot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a “Bayesian network toolbox“ for Python, an open-source programming language. “I“m a pretty big fan of Google“, he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but “Google is the only big company that I would work at“, he says. And if
27、that doesn“t work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, “and it“s a lot less intimidating“.（分数：10.00）(1).Ms Byron“s comment on her own summer experiment is _.（分数：2.00）A.negativeB.biasedC.puzzlingD.enthusiastic(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the participants of
28、Google“s “summer of code“ have _.（分数：2.00）A.been selectedB.been educatedC.been blamedD.been enlightened(3).The work of the participating open-source projects conducted by students, according to the text, is _.（分数：2.00）A.incoherentB.rewardedC.incessantD.gratuitous(4).The idea of Chris DiBona, accordi
29、ng to the text, is enriched by _.（分数：2.00）A.T-shirt salesB.open-sourceC.programmers“ talentD.others“ wisdom(5).Elliot Cohen is mentioned in the text so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate the indirect effect of “summer of code“ on Google“s recruitmentB.indicate the academic level of Berkeley, USAC.clarify
30、 Elliot Cohen“s summer experience in writing network toolboxD.lay emphasis on the fact that university students are big fans of GoogleSoon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform the world body in si
31、x weeks. “But what are you complaining about?“ asked the Russian ambassador. “You“ve had more time than God“. Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, “but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and (all) the committees“. Recounting that anecdote to journalists
32、in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th-16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself h
33、ad put forward in March. “With 191 member states“, he sighed, “it“s not easy to get an agreement“. Most countries put the blame on the United States, in the form of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last-minute amendments and a line-by-line r
34、enegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for th
35、e world“s leaders to come to New York for, was averted only by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks. The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of t
36、he discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new “responsibility to protect“ peoples from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an “early“ reform of the Se
37、curity Council. Although much pared down, all these proposals have at least survived. Others have not. Either they proved so contentious that they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to lit
38、tle more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it “in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purp
39、oses“, but fails to provide the clear definition the Americans wanted. Both Mr. Annan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheless sought to put a good face on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as “an important step forward“ and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken “the firs
40、t steps“ towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are determined to go a lot further. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out the document“s skeleton proposals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim.（分数：10.00）(1).Who have recently listened to the story in the first pa
41、ragraph of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Ambassadors.B.UN officials.C.The world“s leaders.D.Reporters.(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.it took much time to have a UN documentB.it was a piece of cake to reach an agreement with approximately 200 member statesC.few nations were r
42、esented at American diplomatic activitiesD.only developing countries came up with last-minute changes(3).The author“s attitude toward the UN final document is _.（分数：2.00）A.biasedB.indifferentC.skepticalD.impartial(4).According to the text, empty platitudes might be found in the section on _.（分数：2.00
43、）A.Peacebuilding CommissionB.UN Commission on Human RightsC.terrorismD.the Security Council(5).According to the last paragraph, the General Assembly _.（分数：2.00）A.is deleting the document“s skeleton proposalsB.is determined to go further toward disarmamentC.is attempting to put forward new proposalsD
44、.is unlikely to work out relevant details and advance novel proposalsThe term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply to a clever new technology, but to one that undermines an existing technology, and which therefore makes life very difficult for the many busi
45、nesses which depend on the existing way of doing things. Twenty years ago, the personal computer was a classic example. It swept aside an older mainframe-based style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the world“s mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This week has been a coming-ou
46、t party of sorts for another disruptive technology, “voice over internet protocol“ (VOIP), which promises to be even more disruptive, and of even greater benefit to consumers, than personal computers. VOIP“s leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to make free calls to
47、other Skype users over the internet, and very cheap calls to traditional telephonesall of which spells trouble for incumbent telecoms operators. On September 12th, eBay, the leading online auction-house, announced that it was buying Skype for $2.6 billion, plus an additional $1.5 billion if Skype hi
48、ts certain performance targets in coming years. This seems a vast sum to pay for a company that has only $60m in revenues and has yet to turn a profit. Yet eBay was not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were all said to have also considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some over-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid too much. The company says it plans to use Skype“s technology to make it easie
