1、考研英语-试卷 168 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Most people hate rock music. While I am not an (1)_ or biased person by nature, two (
2、2)_ and striking personal experiences of rock music (3)_ the past two weeks have persuaded me that it has become a duty for those of us with enough common (4)_ to see its potential dangers to point them out. My first experienceperhaps a (5)_ one, but highly symptomaticwas the realization that if I s
3、poke to my teenage son when he was listening to rock music through headphones, he replied in an (6)_ loud voice, as if there was something wrong with his hearing. The second (7)_ when I went with him to a “concert“ and witnessed for myself what these affairs are like. (8)_ I went to that concert, my
4、 first and assuredly my last, I had always (9)_ the “live-and-let-live“ attitude that rock music was simply not my (10)_ but that other people had every fight to enjoy it if it was theirs. But what I saw and heard (11)_ me that we are allowing something very powerful to take (12)_ of the younger gen
5、eration today. (13)_, I noticed such collective madness, brought about by the noise (14)_. But secondly, and far more dangerously, I observed that after a time everyone was (15)_ by the noise, and gave up his/her individuality. In the end I was in the middle of a (16)_ crowd who clapped and stamped
6、and (17)_ around like monkeys. It was the most degrading human spectacle (18)_ I have ever had the (19)_ to witness, and I seriously believe that in time to come our present younger generation would thank us if we managed to put a (20)_ to it now.（分数：40.00）A.uncomfortableB.unusualC.unreasonableD.unr
7、eliableA.lifelessB.vividC.energeticD.livelyA.forB.fromC.alongD.duringA.senseB.knowledgeC.ideaD.feelingA.majorB.minorC.mainD.subordinateA.unreasonablyB.unattractivelyC.unfairlyD.unnaturallyA.experiencedB.frustratedC.occurredD.encounteredA.TillB.ThoughC.UnlessD.WhileA.adaptedB.adoptedC.adjustedD.admir
8、edA.beliefB.desireC.appetiteD.tasteA.convincedB.persuadedC.reassuredD.provedA.possessionB.noticeC.careD.placeA.In the first PlaceB.On the one handC.For one thingD.All in allA.standardB.levelC.pollutionD.gradeA.carried outB.carried offC.carded alongD.carded onA.facelessB.notoriousC.modestD.arrogantA.
9、sprangB.skippedC.jumpedD.hoppedA.asB.whatC.whereD.thatA.fortuneB.luckC.misfortuneD.hardshipA.stopB.handC.deedD.word二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
10、D._At an office in Hampton, Virginia, in the east of the United States, a team of ten net savvy workers sources the web for sexual content, from basic sex education to sex acts. This “quality assurance“ team is making sure that the blocking component of Symantec“s Norton Internet Security 2000 compu
11、ter program remains effective. This is because there is widespread parental concern about blocking websites with sexual content from children. Website blocking is nothing newservices like Net Nanny and programs like Cyber Patrol and Guard Dog have been around for a few years now, protecting children
12、 and reassuring parents that only wholesome websites are accessed by the youngsters. Net Nanny and Cyber Patrol will prevent access to any questionable sites when the program is in place, Now Symantec says it has created a new category in consumer software with a package that combines website blocki
13、ng with a “firewall“, protecting your computer from hackers and viruses, as well as preventing careless disclosure of personal data. In short, Norton Internet Security, as the program is called, is designed to serve as the guardian of your digital health, keeping the bad things out and the private t
14、hings in. The Symantec program can be configured in many ways, the website blocking, for example, can be set to be either selectively permissive or total in its banning of websites, or switched off entirely. Also, Symantec“s list of no-go areas, which on the CD now stand at around 36,000 addressed,
15、is not confined to sex sites. The team in Virginia is also on the lookout for sites advocating drags, or which contain references to violence or gambling, and keeps a watch on chat rooms, e-mail services, entertainment portalseven job search and financial pages. These sites can be blocked by the pro
16、gram. Computer users can also refresh the address list online with the Live update feature which is used by Norton Anti-Virus (which is bundled with NIS) to load the latest virus definitions. This service is free for the first year but, including virus definition updates; it costs $19.95 a year ther
17、e-after. The system is not perfect, however. Limited testing found the blocking of some “questionable“ sites was not comprehensive. Trying to get access to a well-known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an “incorrectly categorized“
18、site. By contrast, you could find in other countries such as New Zealand a sex site which declared itself to be “dedicated to providing sexual material, imaged, and anything a little bit unusual for sex enthusiasts all over the country.（分数：10.00）(1).What do we know from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）
19、A.The net savvy workers are interested in searching the web for sexual content.B.Parents want the workers to make sure that the blocking component works.C.Parents across the world don“t want the sexual websites to be blocked.D.Parents across the world worry that their children might get hurt by some
20、 websites.(2).Norton Internet Security functions to（分数：2.00）A.shield computers from unexpected invasion.B.protect computers from being damaged.C.protect computers from being stolen.D.shield computers from being used properly.(3).Symantec might not block（分数：2.00）A.sex sites.B.violence site.C.gambling
21、 sites.D.shopping sites.(4).According to the passage, the NIS program（分数：2.00）A.is always free, so are the virus updates.B.is free, but the virus updates cost $19.95.C.costs $19.95 including the virus updates.D.costs $19.95 excluding the virus updates.(5).What does the author mean by “the blocking o
22、f some “questionable“ site was not comprehensive“ (Line 1, Last Paragraph)?（分数：2.00）A.Some websites escape from being detected.B.The NIS program is not effective in other countries at all.C.All the websites in New Zealand should be included in the list.D.The website Playboy should be included in the
23、 list of no-go area.An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S. executive tells his staff he“s going to treat them fairlyand creates dissension. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer.
24、Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. “Multinational companies have studied everything else, now theyre finally looking at culture“, says Clifford Clarke, fou
25、nder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. “Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don“t think “yes“ means “yes“,“ advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book t
26、o help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social “dos“ and “don“ts“ is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous. For example, the American manager who
27、 promised to be fair thought he was telling his Japanese staff that their hard work would be rewarded, but when some workers received higher salary increases than others, there were complaints. “You told us you“d be fair, and you lied to us,“ accused one salesman. “It took me a year and a half“, sig
28、hed the American, “to realize that “fair“, to my staff, meant being treated equally.“ The Asian engineer who suffered in America was the victim of another mistaken expectation. “He was accustomed to the warm group environment so typical in Japan,“ said his U.S. manager. “But in our company, we“re al
29、l expected to be self-starters, who thrive on working alone. For him, it was emotional starvation. He“s made the adjustment now, but he“d be humiliated if I told you his name, that“s another cultural difference.“ The Japanese manager who failed to respond to his promotion couldn“t bring himself to u
30、se the more direct language needed to communicate with his Boston-based superiors. “I used to think all this talk about cultural communication was a log of baloney,“ says Eugene J. Flath, president of Intel Japan Ltd., a subsidiary of the American semiconductor maker. “Now, I can see it“s a real pro
31、blem. Miscommunication has slowed our ability to coordinate action with our home office.“ That“s why Intel, with the help of consultant Clarke, began an intercultural training program this spring which Flath expects will dramatically reduce decision-making time now lost in making sure the Americans
32、and the Japanese understand each other.（分数：10.00）(1).Why did the Japanese staff complain to the American manager?（分数：2.00）A.The American manager had lied to them.B.The salary increases were insufficient.C.Most staff had not received salary increases.D.There was a misunderstanding of the word “fair“.
33、(2).The promoted Japanese manager asked for a transfer because（分数：2.00）A.he was not competent for the higher position.B.he was not accustomed to working by himself.C.he could not make the adjustment to his new job.D.he lacked adequate communication with his superior.(3).From the context, the word “b
34、aloney“(Paragraph 6) is close in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.balcony.B.nonsense.C.feat.D.simplicity.(4).The cultural communication problems are becoming especially urgent for（分数：2.00）A.American managers.B.consulting firms.C.Japanese employees.D.multinational companies.(5).The author gives a detailed explan
35、ation of the examples of the Asian engineer and the Japanese manager to show（分数：2.00）A.it“s necessary to build bridges over the cultural rivers.B.it“s important to learn different thinking patterns.C.it“s essential to communicate problems and complaints.D.it“s useful to give multinational training f
36、or businessmen.Living standards soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we humans can look forward to increasing happiness? Easterlin admits that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happier t
37、han poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people“s self-assessments of their own happiness. “There has been not improvement in average happiness in the United States over almost a half centurya period in which real GDP (gr
38、oss domestic product) per capital more than doubled,“ Easterlin reports. The explanation for this paradox may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. In Easterlin“s word: “As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirati
39、ons is to invalidate the expected growth in happiness due to higher income.“ Money can buy happiness, Easterlin seems to be saying, but only if one“s amounts get bigger and other people aren“t getting more. His analysis helps to explain sociologist Lee Rainwater“s finding that Americans“ perception
40、of the income “necessary to get along“ rose between 1950 and 1986 in the same proportion as actual per capital income. We feel rich if we have more than our neighbors, poor if we have less, and feeling relatively well off is equated with being happy. Easterlin“s findings challenge psychologist Abrah
41、am Maslow“s “hierarchy of wants“ as a reliable guide to future human motivation. Maslow suggested that as people“s basic material wants are satisfied they seek to achieve nonmaterial or spiritual goals. But Easterlin“s evidence points to the persistence of materialism. Science has developed no cure
42、for envy, so our wealth boosts our happiness only briefly while shrinking that of our neighbors. Thus the outlook for the future is gloomy in Easterlin“s view: “The future, then, to which the era of modem economic growth is leading is one of never ending economic growth, a world in which ever growin
43、g abundance is matched by ever rising aspirations, a world in which cultural difference is leveled in the constant race to achieve the good life of material plenty, it is a world founded on belief in science and the power of rational inquiry and in the ultimate capacity of humanity to shape its own
44、destiny. The irony is that in this last respect the lesson of history appears to be otherwise: that there is no choice. In the end, it is not the triumph of humanity over material wants; rather, it is the triumph of material wants over humanity.“（分数：10.00）(1).Easterlin seems to suggest that（分数：2.00）
45、A.the richer people become, the happier they feel.B.people feel unhappy just because they are not rich enough.C.the increase of wealth certainly results in the increase of happiness.D.the increase of wealth does not necessarily result in the increase of happiness.(2).Generally speaking, people（分数：2.
46、00）A.feel poor if they have less than many others.B.feel rich if they have more than many others.C.tend to equate being happy with their feeling relatively rich.D.tend to expect more if they are richer than their neighbors.(3).According to the passage, we can tell that（分数：2.00）A.Easterlin agreed wit
47、h Maslow.B.Easterlin“s theory contradicts with Maslow“s.C.Easterlin“s theory is more popular than Maslow“s.D.Maslow“s theory is more popular than Easterlin“s.(4).What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.People“s pursue of nonmaterial goals will achieve victory.B.People“s pu
48、rsue of material goals outweighs that of spiritual goals.C.People“s pursue of material goals will lead people to be humanists.D.People“s pursue of nonmaterial goals is something.(5).The author organizes the passage by（分数：2.00）A.raising a question and arguing about it.B.identifying a problem and solving it.C.countering a flawed argument and bringing a new one.D.discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it.Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the
