1、考研英语-试卷 181及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Speech, whether oral or written, is a used commodity. If we are to be heard, we must (
2、1)_ our words from those (2)_ to us within families, peer groups, societal institutions, and political net works. Our utterances position us both in an immediate social dialogue (3)_ our addressee and, simultaneously, in a larger ideological one (4)_ by history and society. We speak as an individual
3、 and also, as a student or teacher, a husband or wife, a person of a particular discipline, social class, religion, race, or other socially constructed (5)_. Thus, to varying degrees, all speaking is a (6)_ of others“ words and all writing is rewriting. As language (7)_, we experience individual age
4、ncy by in fusing our own intentions (8)_ other people“s words, and this can be very hard. (9)_, schools, like into churches and courtrooms, are places (10)_ people speak words that are more important than they are. The words of a particular discipline, like those of “God the father“ or of “the law,“
5、 are being articulated by spokespeople for the given authority. The (11)_ of the addressed, the listener, is to acknowledge the words and their (12)_. In Bakhtin“s (13)_, “the authoritative word is located in a distanced zone, organically connected with a (14)_ that is felt to be hierarchally higher
6、.“ (15)_, part of growing up in an ideological sense is becoming more “selective“ about the words we appropriate and, (16)_ pass on to others. In Bakhtin“s (17)_, responsible people do not treat (18)_ as givens, they treat them as utterances, spoken by particular people located in specific ways in t
7、he social landscape. Becoming alive to the socio-ideological complexity of language use is (19)_ to becoming a more responsive language user and, potentially, a more playful one too, able to use a (20)_ of social voices, of perspectives, in articulating one“s own ideas.（分数：40.00）A.inventB.appropriat
8、eC.coinD.changeA.essentialB.attainableC.usableD.availableA.throughB.byC.withD.inA.createdB.avowedC.inventedD.attestedA.scheduleB.categoryC.archivesD.indexA.rewritingB.recreatingC.relearningD.revoicingA.usersB.learnersC.studentsD.educatorsA.out ofB.ontoC.away fromD.intoA.TraditionallyB.SimilarlyC.How
9、everD.StrangelyA.in whereB.in thatC.in whichD.whatA.characterB.roleC.functionD.userA.understandingB.denotationC.senseD.significanceA.termsB.viewsC.discourseD.opinionsA.pastB.presentC.futureD.ancient timeA.BecauseB.BesidesC.FurthermoreD.And yetA.in contraryB.in contrastC.in turnD.in returnA.argumentB
10、.pointsC.termsD.viewA.wordB.a wordC.the wordD.wordsA.sensibleB.criticalC.emergentD.urgentA.differenceB.colorfulnessC.diversityD.variation二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b
11、y choosing A, B, C or D._The Catholic Church is changing in America at its most visible point: the parish church where believers pray, sing and clasp hands across pews to share the peace of God. Today there are fewer parishes and fewer priests than in 1990 and fewer of the nation“s 65 million Cathol
12、ics in those pews. And there“s no sign of return. Some blame the explosive 2002 clergy sexual abuse scandal and its financial price tag. But a study of 176 Roman Catholic dioceses shows no statistically significant link between the decline in priests and parishes and the $772 million the church has
13、spent to date on dealing with the scandal. Rather, the changes are driven by a constellation of factors: -Catholics are moving from cities in the Northeast and Midwest to the suburbs, South and Southwest. -For decades, so few men have become priests that one in five dioceses now can“t put a priest i
14、n every parish. -Mass attendance has fallen as each generation has become less religiously observant. -Bishopstrained to bless, not to budgetlack the managerial skills to govern multimillion dollar institutions. All these trends had begun years before the scandal piled on financial pressures to cove
15、r settlements, legal costs, care and counseling for victims and abusers. The Archdiocese of Boston, epicenter of the crisis, sold chancery property to cover is 85 million in settlements last year, and this year will close 67 churches and recast 16 others as new parishes or worship sites without a fu
16、ll-time priest. Archbishop Sean O“Malley has said the crisis and the reconfiguration plan are “in no way“ related. He cites demographic shifts, the priest shortage and aging, crumbling buildings too costly to keep up. Fargo, N.D, which spent $821,000 on the abuse crisis, will close 23 parishes, but
17、it“s because the diocese is short of more than 50 priests for its 158 parishes, some with fewer than a dozen families attending Mass. They know how this feels in Milwaukee. That archdiocese shuttered about one in five parishes from 1995 to 2003. The city consolidations “gave some people who had been
18、 driving back into the city from new homes in the suburbs a chance to say they had no loyalty to a new parish and begin going to one near their home,“ says Noreen Welte, director of parish planning for the Milwaukee Archdiocese. “It gave some people who already were mad at the church for one reason
19、or another excuse to stop going altogether.“（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following reflects the change of Catholic Church?（分数：2.00）A.Fewer prayers in the church.B.Fewer pews in the parish.C.Fewer Catholics in America.D.Fewer signs in the peace of God.(2).The relationship between the first two paragrap
20、hs can be described as（分数：2.00）A.the Catholic Church of the past compared with that of today.B.the problem with the Catholic Church revealed and explained.C.the reform of the Catholic Church argued for and against.D.the practice of the Catholic Church introduced and condemned.(3).Attendance of the C
21、hurch has declined because（分数：2.00）A.there are fewer parishes and priests now.B.few Catholics observe religious rules.C.people are losing enthusiasm for religion.D.the financial pressures are overwhelming.(4).The “reconfiguration plan“(Para. 4) probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.selling the Church prope
22、rty.B.covering the cost of settlements.C.shutting and remolding churches.D.keeping up crumbling buildings.(5).Noreen Welte seems to suggest that some people（分数：2.00）A.had difficulty adopting a new parish.B.preferred to go to the church near their home.C.disliked the church for several reasons.D.mean
23、t to escape the church.House-price falls are gathering momentum and are spreading across the UK, according to a monthly poll of surveyors which on Monday delivered its gloomiest reading for nearly 12 years. Fifty-six percent of surveyors contacted by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors repo
24、rted price falls in the three months to October. Only 3 percent saw prices rise in their area, compared with 58 percent as recently as May. There was further evidence of slowing activity in the property market as the number of sales per surveyor dived to a nine-year low. Unsold stock on agents“ book
25、s has increased 10 percent since the summer. Ian Perry, Rics“ national housing spokesman, said it was now very clear that buyers were unsettled by higher interest rates. The Bank of England raised rates five times to 4.75 percent over the last year to cool the property boom. But he also blamed comme
26、nts by Mervyn King, the Bank“s governor, and misleading media headlines for “injecting additional uncertainty into the market by continued speculation over more serious price declines“. “Mervyn King presumably felt that he had to be more explicit in the summer when people were still buying. His warn
27、ings of a drop in property prices then have had the desired effect. “But our concern now is that the pendulum is swinging too far,“ he said. Last week, the Bank“s monetary policy committee predicted for the first time that “house prices may fall modestly for a period“ in its November inflation repor
28、t. The Nationwide and Halifax mortgage lenders both showed a modest monthly decline in house prices in their latest loan approval data. Although the majority of surveyors expect prices to fall further in the next three months,Mr. Perry stressed there were signs of stabilizing demand from buyers in L
29、ondon. “London tends to be ahead of the rest of the market. And agents are telling us that more people are looking to buy. It is much better than it was,“ Mr. Perry said. However, falling prices continued to spread from the South of England as surveyors reported the first clear decline in prices in
30、Yorkshire and the Humber, the north and the north- west. Scotland remained the only region with rising prices.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.the present house price falls are at most a momentary phenomenon.B.the property market is experiencing its most depressing time over th
31、e decade.C.58 percent of surveyors contacted started to encounter house price falls in May.D.Rics“ widely-followed headline indicator began to fall since Dec. 1992.(2).Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to（分数：2.00）A.justify the author“s observation in the first paragraph.B.contrast the present situation
32、 with that in the past.C.highlight the discouraging situation of home market.D.explain the reasons of slowing activity in the market.(3).By “the pendulum is swinging too far“, Ian Perry probably means（分数：2.00）A.the number of houses sold by each agent is the lowest in history.B.the house market is bo
33、und to suffer because of the high interest rates.C.both Mr. King and the media worried too much over the price falls.D.the Bank and the media are helping push the house prices further down.(4).In terms of the future of the property market, Mr. Perry seems（分数：2.00）A.optimistic.B.uncertain.C.pessimist
34、ic.D.indifferent.(5).The author probably believes that（分数：2.00）A.the house-price falls may continue for a while.B.people“s uncertainty about the market is ungrounded.C.there was always exception to the rule of rising prices.D.people are certainly ready to buy more than before.Fiercely independent, 9
35、0 year-old Vincenzia Rinaldi wouldn“t consider a home health aide or nursing home. So Louis Critelli, her nephew had to coax the widowed homemaker into assisted living, the nation“s growing long-term care option for the elderly. For $1,100 a month, Rinaldi became the reluctant resident of an efficie
36、ncy unit where she could still simmer her much-loved tomato sauce and where caregivers would make sure she took her pills. Instead, 30 months later, she died. Not because she was old. But because aides at her new home, Loretto Utica Center, one of the modern, hotel-style facilities that have sproute
37、d across the country over the past decade, mistakenly gave her another resident“s prescription medication. That error led to her death, state inspectors concluded. Neither the state nor Loretto told her nephew about the cause of death. Critelli, thinking his aunt had been properly eared for, only le
38、arned of the finding years later from USA TODAY. “When they find something blatant like that, you“d think they“d tell the family,“ the shaken nephew told a reporter after a long pause. A USA TODAY investigation shows that Rinaldi“s death represents the tragic extreme in a pattern of mistakes and vio
39、lations that lead to scores of injuries and occasional deaths among the estimated 1 million elderly residents of assisted living facilities. The centers are the state-regulated, largely private-pay residences that help seniors with medication and other activities of daily life. In a wide-ranging ana
40、lysis, USA TODAY reviewed two years of inspection records within 2000-02 for more than 5,300 assisted living facilities in seven states: Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Indiana, New York and Texas. The precise time period varied slightly from state to state. The analysis covered a broad rangefr
41、om mom-and-pop facilities with just a few residents to corporate-run centers with scores of beds and many levels of care. It is the first time such data have been gathered and analyzed across so many states. The review included less-detailed data from five other states and focused on broad quality-o
42、f-care categories to compensate for variations in regulations from state to state. As affluent and middle-class Americans cope with the infirmities of age, many turn to assisted living as an alternative to a nursing home industry that has been periodically plagued by abuse or neglect scandals. Even
43、though assisted living facilities generally don“t provide 24-hour skilled medical care, they increasingly serve seniors who only a decade ago might have been in nursing homes.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph implies that（分数：2.00）A.life in the nursing homes is largely regulated by caregivers.B.old p
44、eople are very much unsatisfied with life cared by a home health aide.C.Rinaldi knew better than to live in an efficiency unit with caregivers.D.the nation“s long-term care options for the elderly are limited.(2).Critelli“s response to the real cause of her aunt“s death was（分数：2.00）A.disbelief.B.ind
45、ignation.C.disapproval.D.intensity.(3).The author mentioned Rinaldi“s death in the text in order to（分数：2.00）A.show sympathy for Critelli“s misfortune.B.reveal problems in assisted living facilities.C.demonstrate inefficiency of caretakers.D.exhibit the reliability of USA TODAY.(4).It can be inferred
46、 from the text that（分数：2.00）A.assisted living facilities are mostly state-owned residences.B.USA TODAY conducted the first inspection of assisted living facilities in USA.C.data collected and reviewed are not detailed and regulated enough.D.previous analyses of inspection records covered limited are
47、as.(5).We learn from the text that（分数：2.00）A.nursing home industry will ultimately disappear from the society.B.24 hour skilled medical care will come into being in the near future.C.assisted living is the first choice for many seniors with a good income.D.serious problems have always accompanied th
48、e assisted living units.You could benefit from flipping through the pages of I Can“t Believe You Asked That, a book by author Phillip Milano that“s subtitled, A No-Holds-Barred Qgave some people.an excuse to stop.)有此人以城区整合作为自己不想去教堂的借口，可见答案为“有些人想躲避去教堂“。其他选项均是某些人不去教堂的托词，非 Welte的看法，答非所问。House-price falls are gathering momentum and are spreading across the UK, according to a monthly poll of surveyors which on Monday delivered its gloomiest reading for nearly 12 years. Fifty-six percent of surveyors contacted by the Royal Institution of Charter
