1、考研英语-试卷 221 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Niagara is an Indian word which means “roaring water“. Indeed, the roar of the fallin
2、g water of Niagara can be heard (1)_ a distance of 5 kms. Imagine (2)_ of water flowing over a cliff 90 feet high and you will get an idea of that terrible noise. And (3)_ tremendous power the Niagara River has! It moves big rocks about and throws them into the boiling water below. (4)_ ago an old s
3、hip without single person on board was put in mid-stream. It sailed down the river (5)_ a toy boat with great speed. Having reached the fall, the ship dropped into the boiling water, never (6)_ again. There were some people who wanted to become famous (7)_ swimming across the most dangerous part of
4、the Niagara River. One of them was Captain Webb who said that he would try to swim cross the Niagara, which (8)_ crowds of people. On the evening of July 1st, 1893, Captain Webb came up to the river and (9)_ a plunge. His having jumped into the water (10)_ many people with horror. Soon, he appeared
5、in the middle of the river. A loud shout went up from the crowd, but a moment later there was (11)_ silence. The man had disappeared under the water. Thousands of eyes (12)_ on the river, but the man was drowned. In 1902, a certain Miss Taylor decided to go over the falls in a barrel. There were dif
6、ferent kinds of pillows inside the barrel to prevent her from (13)_. Having examined the barrel carefully, Miss Taylor got in. The barrel was closed and then (14)_ into the water. Having reached the falls, it overturned and was shot down by the terrible (15)_ of the water. When the barrel was finall
7、y caught and opened, Miss Taylor came out alive (16)_ with a frightened look in her eyes. Once a crowd of visitors saw a rope (17)_ over from one bank of the river to the other. Then they saw a man (18)_ the rope. The man was an actor, Blondin (19)_. He managed to cross Niagara Falls on a tight rope
8、. The people on the bank were surprised at his (20)_ it so well.（分数：40.00）A.withinB.insideC.atD.onA.muchB.a great numberC.massD.a massA.how muchB.whatC.soD.howA.SometimesB.Many timesC.Much timeD.Some timeA.asB.as ifC.likeD.likelyA.to appearB.appearingC.appearedD.appearA.forB.byC.throughD.fromA.attra
9、ctedB.drewC.causedD.pulledA.gaveB.madeC.didD.tookA.fillingB.full ofC.filledD.was filledA.deadB.dyingC.diedD.deathA.being stoppedB.were fixingC.were fixedD.fixedA.being hurtB.having hurtC.hurtingD.hurtA.being throwB.throwingC.thrownD.threwA.powerB.strengthC.forceD.capacityA.thereforeB.howeverC.soD.bu
10、tA.being putB.putC.having putD.puttingA.step acrossB.step out ontoC.step alongD.step onA.in nameB.under the name ofC.by nameD.to the name ofA.doneB.having doneC.having been doneD.being done二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the followin
11、g four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._On the ground floor of the Federal Reserve building in Washington, DC, there is an electronic game which tests a visitor“s skill at setting interest rates. You have to decide how to respond to events such as rising inflatio
12、n or a stockmarket crash. If you get all the answers right, the machine declares you the next Fed chairman. In real life, because of huge uncertainties about data and how the economy works, there is no obviously right answer to the question of when to change interest rates. Nor is there any easy tes
13、t of who will make the best Fed chairman. So who would The Economist Select for the job? Alan Greenspan will retire as Fed chairman on January 31st, after a mere 18 years in the job. So George Bush needs to nominate a successor soon. Mr. Bush has a penchant for picking his pals to fill top jobs: las
14、t week he nominated his personal lawyer Harriet Miers to the Supreme Court. But his personal bank manager really would not cut the mustard as Fed chairman. This is the most important economic-policy job in Americaindeed in the whole world. The Fed chairman sets interest rates with the aim of control
15、ling inflation, which in turn helps determine the value of the dollar, the world“s main reserve currency. It is hardly surprising that financial markets worldwide can rise or fall on his every word. Financial markets are typically more volatile during the first year after the handover to a new chair
16、man than during the rest of his tenure. In October 1987, barely two months after Mr. Greenspan took office, the stockmarket crashed. Current conditions for a handover are hardly ideal. America“s economy has never looked so unbalanced, with a negative household savings rate, a housing bubble, a hefty
17、 budget deficit, a record current-account deficit and rising inflation. Figures due on October 14th are expected to show that the 12-month rate of inflation has risen above 4%its highest since 1991.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following questions does the text discuss?（分数：2.00）A.What is the content of
18、 the electronic game?B.Who could fill Alan Greenspan“s shoes?C.How to respond to events such as rising inflation?D.Who could change interest rates?(2).The phrase “cut the mustard“ in the second paragraph most probably means（分数：2.00）A.be qualifiedB.lower interest rateC.be acquisitiveD.spend spree(3).
19、Which of the following words best defines the relationship between the value of dollar and setting of interest rates?（分数：2.00）A.Counteractive.B.Naive.C.Interactive.D.Novel.(4).Which of the following, according to the text, is a common phenomenon?（分数：2.00）A.Financial markets and stock markets crash d
20、ue to the handover.B.Comment by the Fed chairman are invalid in the world financial markets,C.Inflation rises above 4%record high level.D.Remarks by the Fed chairman can sway the world financial markets.(5).The author mentions “a housing bubble“ in the last paragraph so as to（分数：2.00）A.clarify the f
21、act that Alan Greenspan will retire as Fed chairmanB.exemplify the rumor that Mr. Bush has a penchant for picking his pals to fill top jobsC.illustrate the notion that the present situations for a handover are hardly idealD.refute the theory that American economy has never looked so unbalanced“The e
22、ssential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism“, remarked Franklin Roosevelt in 1933, “must be the same as those which constitute a good neighbour, namely mutual understanding and. a sympathetic appreciation of the other“s point of view.“ That is advice which the United States would do well to heed in
23、 its relations with its immediate neighbours, Canada and Mexico. Most Americans may not be aware of it, but frustrations and resentments are building just across their borders to both south and north. Of course, neighbourly ties in North America are closer than in Roosevelt“s day. Under the North Am
24、erican Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA), trade among the three countries has more than doubled since 1994 and cross-border investment climbed even faster. In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, the United States moved quickly to sign “smart border“ agreements with both Canada
25、and Mexico, to try to ensure that the demands of security did not interrupt trade. By the standards of much of the 20th century, political ties between the United States and Mexico are warm. Yet go to either border and you wouldn“t know all this. Fed up with the flow of illegal migrants from the sou
26、th, the governors of Arizona and New Mexico this month declared a state of emergency. Violence between drug gangs recently led the United States temporarily to close its consulate in Nuevo Laredo, the busiest border-crossing point. The American ambassador bluntly criticises Mexico for its failure to
27、 prevent drug-related violence along the border. That has prompted retaliatory verbal blasts from Mexican officials. Canada“s mood is not much more cordial. Since September 11th, Canadians and Americans alike have become less keen on popping over what they liked to call “the world“s longest undefend
28、ed border“ for shopping or recreation. Canadians increasingly disagree with Americans over matters as varied as the Iraq war and gay marriage. They are disillusioned with NAFTA, claiming it has failed to prevent the United States from unlawfully punishing their exports of, for example, lumber. So wh
29、at? Friction is in the nature of international relations, and the problems on the northern border are different from those in the south. Yet there is a common denominator. Americans tend to see security, migration, drugs, even trade, as domestic political issues. But so they are for Canada and Mexic
30、o too. Like it or not, Americans rely on their neighbours for prosperity, energy and help with security. It behooves all three countries to show some “sympathetic understanding“.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the essential qualities of a true Pan American
31、ism were defined by Franklin RooseveltB.mutual understanding is one of the most far-reaching elements in North AmericaC.Few Americans may be aware of others“ point of viewD.America“s friendship with Canada and Mexico risks going sour(2).Political relationship is discussed in the text so as to _.（分数：
32、2.00）A.illustrate Canada“s cordial mood toward Mexico and AmericaB.interpret the improved neighbourly ties in North AmericaC.foretell the prospect of international relationsD.gauge the flow of illegal migrants from Mexico(3).The term “the south“ in the third paragraph most probably refers to _.（分数：2
33、.00）A.the Southern part of AmericaB.MexicoC.the Southern hemisphereD.the South Africa(4).According to the text, America and Canada have yet to reach consensus on _.（分数：2.00）A.lumber exportB.the Iraq reconstructionC.homo marriageD.defense of the world“s longest border(5).In the last paragraph of the
34、text, the author intends to define _.（分数：2.00）A.the friction of the northern borderB.the significance of international tiesC.the difference between Canadians and MexicansD.the importance of being good neighboursIt has long been the subject of speculation among the police and criminologists: what wou
35、ld happen if all the officers who now spend so much of their time taking statements, profiling criminals and moving pieces of paper around were suddenly put on the streets? Crime figures released by London“s Metropolitan Police this week provide the best answer yet. Following the bombings of July 7t
36、h and 21st, thousands of police officers materialised on London“s pavements, many of them sporting brightly coloured jackets. Drawn from all over the city, they were assigned to guard potential targets such as railway stations. The police presence was especially heavy in the bombed boroughs: Camden
37、(which was struck three times), Hammersnrith and Fulham, Lamheth, Tower Hamlets, Westminster and the City of London. The show of force did not just scare off terrorists. There was less crime in July than in May or June, which as unusual: the warmer month tends to bring out criminal tendencies, as wi
38、ndows are left open and alcohol is imbibed alfresco. But the chilling effect was much stronger in the six boroughs that were targeted by terrorists. There, overall crime was down by 12% compared with July 2004. In inner London as a whole, crime fell by 6%. But in outer London, where the blue line wa
39、s thinner, it went up slightly. Simon Foy, who tracks such trends at the Metropolitan Police, says that crime fell particularly steeply on the days of the attacks, partly because of the overwhelming police presence and partly because “even criminals were watching their televisions“. What is signific
40、ant is that crime barely rose thereafter. That was a change from the aftermath of September 11th 2001, when crime quickly soared just about everywherepossibly because officers were deployed only in the very centre of London. “The received wisdom among criminologists is that marginal changes in visib
41、le patrolling have little or no effect on crime,“ says Mike Hough, a criminologist at King“s College London. July“s experiment should put that argument to rest. Even if offenders do not make rational calculations about the odds of being caughtwhich was low both before and after the bombingsthey will
42、 be moved by a display of overwhelming force.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “materialise“ mean in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.bombB.investigateC.provokeD.appear(2).Which of the following facts, according to third paragraph of the text, will be taken for granted by British?（分数：2.00）A.The warmer
43、 month tends to result in criminal tendencies.B.Crime went up slightly in July 2004.C.The show of force did put an end to terrorists.D.Bombings are inevitable in outer London.(3).It can be inferred from the text that the crime occurrence may be associated with _.（分数：2.00）A.the trends which can be tr
44、acksB.the deployment of the blue lineC.the overwhelming presence of criminals in LondonD.the number of the days of terrorist attacks(4).The author“s attitude toward Mike Hough“s remark is _.（分数：2.00）A.consentB.ambivalentC.denialD.approval(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the tex
45、t?（分数：2.00）A.London Bombings Are Severe.B.Terrorists Are Scared Off.C.Terrorism Cuts Crime.D.Marginal Changes Take Place.Last weekend, sportsmen and women of an unusually hardy disposition descended on Sherborne, a pretty Dorset town. There, they swam twice around Sherborne Castle“s lake, cycled 180
46、kin and then ran a marathon. The winners of this gruelling raceBritain“s inaugural Ironman triathlonwere rewarded with a spot in a prestigious race in Hawaii, where yet more pain awaits. For a sport barely known in Britain five years ago, triathlon has grown at a sprinter“s pace. This year the Briti
47、sh Triathlon Association, the governing body, will sanction some 450 triathlons, duathlons (running and biking) and aquathlons (running and swimming). These vary from tough races aimed at endurance junkies to shorter events designed to lure newcomers. By far the most successful is the London triathl
48、on, which, three weeks ago, brought 8,000half of them first-timersto the Royal Victoria Dock in east London. That made it the world“s biggest. There are echoes of the jogging craze of the early 1980s. Both sports are American exports; both have grown partly thanks to television coverage. Inclusion in the Olympic and Commonwealth games has conferred credibility and state funding on triathlon. Even better, Britain“s professional triathletes are doing rather well on the international circuit. There are pra
