1、考研英语-试卷 223及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank (1)_ a new electronic market ( for ec
2、onomic indices that (2)_ substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a (3)_ trading technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, (4)_ the Parimutuel Digi
3、tal Call Auction. This is “digital“ (5)_ of a digital option i.e., it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each “horse“ wins if and (6)_ the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every
4、 possible (7)_ of the index, and allowing people to bet (8)_ any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices. Ten years ago it was (9)_ impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortg
5、age lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to (10)_ the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of (11)_ have improved risk-management characteristics. We are also beginning to see new kinds of (12)_ for hom
6、es, which will make it possible to protect the value of (13)_, for most people, is the single most important (14)_ of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, (15)_ last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York State, may be a model for home-equity insuran
7、ce policies that (16)_ sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the (17)_ of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now (18)_ developed in the United States, will en
8、able home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies. These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they (19)_ as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that (20)_ will beset us in coming ye
9、ars.（分数：40.00）A.createdB.generatedC.initiatedD.originatedA.reproduceB.restoreC.representD.resumeA.sophisticatedB.expensiveC.availableD.establishedA.madeB.calledC.askedD.readA.in the courseB.in the eventC.in the lightD.in the senseA.whenB.untilC.now thatD.only ifA.extentB.rangeC.lineD.areaA.forB.inC.
10、onD.upA.virtuallyB.admittedlyC.absolutelyD.originallyA.assumeB.assessC.dismissD.eraseA.themB.whichC.thatD.whomA.managementB.insuranceC.securityD.techonologyA.whatB.thoseC.whereD.itA.guaranteeB.protectionC.componentD.sourceA.securedB.sponsoredC.releasedD.launchedA.look toB.set upC.lay downD.rely onA.
11、termsB.specificationsC.conceptsD.consequencesA.isB.beingC.beenD.areA.emergeB.appearC.standD.ariseA.somehowB.anywayC.otherwiseD.thereby二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c
12、hoosing A, B, C or D._Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression-related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U.S. psychology association found. The Washington D.C.-based American Psychological Association (APA) release
13、d the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of di
14、fferences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said. The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive cathars
15、is for people. The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language. But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD la
16、bels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the world“s five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc., EMI Group Pie., Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universal“s Universal Music and Sony Corp. Results of the APA“s experiments showed
17、 that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. “Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, t
18、han would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges,“ said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement. While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said i
19、t was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the study by APA, intensified aggression had nothing to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.actual performers of musicB.a more hostile environmentC.feelings of hostilityD.violent humors of the songs(2).The word
20、 “catharsis“ in Para. 3 most probably means _（分数：2.00）A.an unpopular notionB.the removal of strong feelingsC.an increase of aggressive emotionsD.the overreaction to violent lyrics(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The researchers“ work was unpopular because of its biased conclu
21、sions.B.The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs.C.The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth.D.The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.(4).Craig Anderson would probably agree that _
22、.（分数：2.00）A.the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguousB.more experiments were needed to justify the results achieved so farC.antisocial exchanges could be ultimately attributed to violent songsD.nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responses(5).I
23、t can be concluded from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.some musical styles would lead to a short period of increased social hostilityB.researchers were divided about the fundamental causes of aggressive emotionsC.parents needn“t worry a lot about their kids“ occasional exposure to violent songsD.musi
24、c industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its musicThe biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines in
25、to bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and
26、 a return to profitability. Yet the industry“s problems are deeperand olderthan the trauma of the past two years implies. As the centenary of the first powered flight approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright B
27、rothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The world“s biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market,
28、whereas the world“s biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world“s automobile market. Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else, governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aim
29、to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede cross-border airline mergers. In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting
30、job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from London“s
31、Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways. In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so bad that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this yea
32、r that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a “compressed evolutionary cycle“. So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development?（分数：
33、10.00）(1).According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry_.（分数：2.00）A.are the effects of various disastersB.are actually not fully recognizedC.are attracting a lot of attentionD.are not the real cause of airlines“ bankruptcy(2).One of the facts that reflect the primitiveness of air
34、line industry is _.（分数：2.00）A.its history is much longer than that of car industryB.it is composed of international and domestic carriersC.its market is divided by many a relatively small carrierD.it is still an industry of comparatively low profits(3).What does the author mean by “Aviation has been
35、 incompletely deregulated.“(Para. 3)?（分数：2.00）A.Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas.B.Governments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.C.Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige.D.M
36、any countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industryB.problems in America are more of a political nature than that in EuropeC.car industry shoul
37、d exert a more powerful influence on aviation industryD.there is still a long way to go before the problems can be solved(5).According to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industry _.（分数：2.00）A.is facing a very serious situationB.will confront a difficult evolutionC.has no way out of the present difficult
38、yD.will experience a radical reformMedia mogul Ted Turner yesterday sold more than half of his AOL Time Warner Inc. holdings for about $780 million, a move that reflects his efforts to slash his financial stake in the media giant. After the close of regular trading yesterday, Turner sold a block of
39、60 million shares to Goldman Sachs wordslonely written words are all you“ve got. And that goes for your correspondent as well. Holding a conversation onlinewhether it“s an email exchange or a response to a discussion group postingit“s easy to misinterpret your correspondent“s meaning and it“s fright
40、eningly easy to forget that your correspondent is a person with feelings more or less like your own. Yes, you may use your network connections to express yourself freely, explore strange new worlds, and boldly go where you“ve never gone before. But remember the Prime Directive of Netiquette: Those a
41、re real people out there. (42) 2. In real life, most people are fairly law-abiding, either by disposition or because we“re afraid of getting caught. In cyberspace, the chances of getting caught sometimes seem slim. And, perhaps because people sometimes forget that there“s a human being on the other
42、side of the computer, some people think that a lower standard of ethics or personal behavior is acceptable in cyberspace. The confusion may be understandable, but these people are mistaken. Standards of behavior may be different in some areas of cyberspace, but they are not lower than in real life.
43、(43) 3. What“s perfectly acceptable in one area may be dreadfully rude in another. For example, in most TV discussion groups, passing on idle gossip is perfectly permissible. But throwing around unsubstantiated rumors in a journalists“ mailing list will make you very unpopular there. And because Net
44、iquette is different in different places, thus, lurk before you leap. When you enter a domain of cyberspace that“s new to you, take a look around. Spend a while listening to the chat or reading the archives. Get a sense of how the people who are already there act. Then go ahead and participate. (44)
45、 4. Networksparticularly discussion groupslet you reach out to people you“d otherwise never meet. And none of them can see you. You won“t be judged by the color of your skin, eyes, or hair, your weight, your age, or your clothing. You will, however, be judged by the quality of your writing. So spell
46、ing and grammar do count. Also, pay attention to the content of your writing. Be sure you know what you“re talking aboutwhen you see yourself writing “it“s my understanding that“ or “I believe it“s the case,“ ask yourself whether you really want to post this note before checking your facts. Finally,
47、 be pleasant and polite. Don“t use offensive language, and don“t be confrontational for the sake o confrontation. (45) 5. The strength of cyberspace is in its, numbers. The reason asking questions online works is that a lot of knowledgeable people are reading the questions. And if even a few of them
48、 offer intelligent answers, the sum total of world knowledge increases. The Internet itself was founded and grew because scientists wanted to share information. Gradually, the rest of us got in on the act. So do your part. Don“t be afraid to share what you know. It“s especially polite to share the results of your questions with others. When you anticipate that you“ll get a lot of answers to a question, or when you post a question to a discussion group that you don“t visit often
