1、考研英语-试卷 22 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared
2、 their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (1)_ themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (2)_ 10 perce
3、nt of the previous years government (3)_; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (4)_ macroeconomic policies; and (5)_ up a common central bank. Their declaration (6)_ that, “Member States (7)_ the need (8)_ strong political commitme
4、nt and (9)_ to (10)_ all such national policies (11)_ would facilitate the regional monetary integration process“. The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (12)_ broader integration process that wou
5、ld include enhanced regional trade and (13)_ institutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (14)_ independence, (15)_, these currency boards were (16)_, with the (17)_ of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Althou
6、gh there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the region“s countries have to (18)_ inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in I999 of
7、 a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regional (19)_ in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.committedB.devotedC.adjustedD.attributedA.toB.byC.withD.untilA.financeB.profitC.incomeD.revenueA.coordinateB.dr
8、aftC.ordinateD.compromiseA.buildingB.settingC.foundingD.erectingA.saysB.writesC.readsD.statesA.acceptB.understandC.recognizeD.realizeA.forB.ofC.withD.withoutA.commenceB.undertakeC.initiateD.tryA.pursueB.seekC.questD.exploreA.whichB.thatC.asD.whatA.accompanyB.enforceC.executeD.compelA.commonB.separat
9、eC.severalD.publicA.TowardsB.FromC.ByD.OnA.thereforeB.moreoverC.howeverD.thusA.dissolvedB.dischargedC.dismissedD.dispelledA.considerationB.intentionC.exceptionD.regardA.dateB.degreeC.extentD.a wayA.developmentB.prosperityC.integrationD.cooperationA.revivedB.renewC.restoreD.refreshed二、Reading Compreh
10、ensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for “academic mobility“ is now often stated in impress
11、ive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the pure
12、st philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold. Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one p
13、resumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not qu
14、ite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect. In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholar
15、s even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge. Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative
16、and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students. In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produc
17、ed an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries. Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are tak
18、ing place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable schol
19、ars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory sti
20、mulus. But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent adva
21、nces in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.（分数：10.00）(1).A
22、ccording to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because_.（分数：2.00）A.standards are higher at foreign universitiesB.their governments encourage them to travelC.salaries and conditions are better abroadD.they are eager for new knowledge(2).The writer says that travel was important i
23、n the past because it_.（分数：2.00）A.was a way of spreading ideasB.broke down political barriersC.led to economic progressD.made new ideas less schooling(3).The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because_.（分数：2.00）A.there are so many people working in similar fields
24、B.there is a lot of social unrest at universitiesC.their follow experts are scattered round the worldD.their laboratories are in remote places(4).The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to _.（分数：2.00）A.spend less time travellingB.cut down researc
25、h costsC.develop their ideas more quicklyD.keep up with current developments(5).Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of_.（分数：2.00）A.friendships formed by scholars at meetingsB.articles in learned journalsC.the work of international agenciesD.programs initi
26、ated by governmentsTo understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky. Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth. Ancient people, in fact, literall
27、y believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere. As the earth, spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth“s axis of rotation. This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to
28、rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth. Thus the stars were called fixed stars. The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflectio
29、n of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the
30、 slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year. The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however, changes its po
31、sition relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moon“s path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth“s path around the sun, s
32、o the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky. There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere. These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn. All of them revolve
33、 around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent
34、motions around the sun and our motion as well.（分数：10.00）(1).The ancient people believed that_.（分数：2.00）A.the earth was spinning on the axis of the skyB.the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earthC.the patterns of stars on the sky would never changeD.the stars around the sky were not statio
35、nary(2).Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon?（分数：2.00）A.The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane.B.The moon revolved along the ecliptic.C.The moon moves faster than the sun.D.The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour“s time.(3).It is stated in astrology
36、 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motionB.the sun was moving westward around the skyC.the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every weekD.the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun(4).All the other
37、five planets_.（分数：2.00）A.always appear near the path of the sunB.are moving in a way more complicated than the earth doesC.aren“t moving around the sun as independently as the earth doesD.are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does(5).According to the passage which of the following
38、 is true?（分数：2.00）A.A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sky.B.Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planets.C.Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the stars.D.All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year around.In
39、 one very long sentence, the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the people whose governments joined together to form the U.N. “We, the people of the U.N., determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war which twice in our lifetime has b
40、rought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties a
41、nd other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace
42、and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our effort
43、s to accomplish these aims“. The name “United Nations“ is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member States met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year“s Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up pro
44、posals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the
45、conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U.S.S.R.U., the U.K. and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. officially came into existe
46、nce. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day. The essential functions of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and huma
47、n problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations on attaining these common ends. No country takes precedence over another in the U.N. Each member“s rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the peace
48、ful settlement of international dispute, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states.（分数：10.00）(1).Under its Charter, the first stated aim of the U.N. was（分数：2.00）A.to promote social progressB.to prevent a third world warC.to revise international lawsD.to maintain international peace(2).What did President Roosevelt have to do with the United Nations?（分数：2.00）A.He established “The United Nations“.B.He was given the name “The United Nations“.C.He was a credit to “Th
