1、考研英语-试卷 248及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The evolutionary process culminating in man was finally completed about 35,000 years a
2、go with the appearance of Homo Sapiens, or “thinking man“. (1)_ in broadest perspective, this represents the second major turning (2)_ in the course of (3)_ on this planet. The first occurred when life (4)_ out of inorganic matter. After that momentous (5)_, all living forms evolved by adapting (6)_
3、 their environment, as was evident during the climate turmoil of the Pleistocene. But with the (7)_ of man, the evolutionary process was (8)_. No longer did genes adapt to environment. Instead, man adapted by changing the environment to (9)_ his genes. Today, a third (10)_ turning point appears (11)
4、_, as man“s growing knowledge of the structure and function of genes may soon enable him to (12)_ his genes as well as his environment. Man, and only man, has been able to create a made-to-order environment, or culture, as it is called. The reason is (13)_ only man can symbolize, or (14)_ things and
5、 concepts divorced from here-and-now reality. Only he laughs, and only he knows that he will die. Only he has wondered (15)_ the universe and its origins, about his place in it and in the hereafter. With these unique and revolutionizing abilities, man has been able to (16)_ with his environment with
6、out alteration. His culture in the new no biological way of having fur in the Arctic, water storage in the desert, and fins in the water. More concretely, culture (17)_ tools, clothing, ornaments, institutions, language, art forms, and religious beliefs and (18)_. All these have served to adapt man
7、to his physical environment and to his fellowman. Indeed, story of man is simply the story of a (19)_ of cultures that he has created, form his Paleolithic (20)_ to the present day.（分数：40.00）A.ReviewedB.ViewedC.ProbedD.ProspectedA.wayB.pointC.markD.momentA.accidentsB.incidentsC.actionsD.eventsA.orig
8、inatedB.evolvedC.developedD.grewA.stepB.aspectC.stateD.phaseA.toB.towardsC.forD.atA.appearanceB.disappearanceC.complexionD.featureA.contradictedB.reversedC.contrastedD.returnedA.adaptB.suitC.fitD.agreeA.invalidB.epochalC.periodicalD.ineffectiveA.eminentB.imminentC.prominentD.dominantA.maintainB.modi
9、fyC.disposeD.diversifyA.thatB.becauseC.forD.whyA.reviseB.revealC.envisionD.museA.aboutB.onC.atD.inA.copeB.agreeC.cohereD.contendA.consists ofB.conceives ofC.combines withD.shut outA.practicesB.suspicionsC.formalitiesD.thoughtsA.successB.processionC.successionD.consequenceA.originsB.resourcesC.rootsD
10、.sources二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which
11、 growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th. Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of “consumption“ seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out
12、that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and I“m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America“s Nati
13、onal Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year. The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasi
14、on to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate
15、of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up. Even drug companies are involved. In the nm-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and
16、it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard.
17、Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution. The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund“s joint responsibility for
18、 the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body“s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200,000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfer
19、e with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence “Like ev
20、ery dog, every disease now seems to have its day“. means _.（分数：2.00）A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or later.B.human beings can deal with problems caused by disease.C.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease.D.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently.(2).By referring
21、 to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show _.（分数：2.00）A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars for Tuberculosis.B.the death rate of AIDS is higher,than that of Tuberculosis.C.the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past.D.compared
22、 with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively.(3).Which of the following best defines the word “upshot“ (Line 5, Paragraph 5)?（分数：2.00）A.Outcome.B.Uphold.C.Achievement.D.Project.(4).Eli Lilly devoted itself to MDR-TB, because _.（分数：2.00）A.TB kills more and more AIDS patients.B.TB has something t
23、o do with AIDS.C.multi-drug resistance makes Tuberculosis fashionable again.D.Eli Lilly is a member of the MDR-TB Global Partnership.(5).Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the text tries to convey?（分数：2.00）A.Forgive and forget.B.Forgotten, but not gone.C.When the wo
24、und is healed, the pain is forgotten.D.Every dog is valiant at his own door.Not many 25-year-olds can reasonably claim to have changed the world. The IBM personal computer, which was launched in 1981 and celebrates its 25th birthday in August, is a rare exception. Other personal computers had been l
25、aunched before; but it was the IBM PC that ended up defining the standard around which a vast new industry then coalesced. IBM, the titan of the computing World at the time, quickly lost control of its own creation, allowing others to reap the benefits. But leave aside what the PC has done for the f
26、ortunes of particular companies, and instead step back and consider what the PC has done for mankind. The PC“s most obvious achievement has been to help make computers cheaper, more widely available and more useful than ever before. Before it appeared, different computers from different manufacturer
27、s were mostly incompatible with each other. The PC“s architecture was not perfect, but its adoption as an industry standard made possible economies of scale in both hardware and software. This in turn reduced prices and enabled the PC to democratise computing. But although the PC has its merits, it
28、also has its faults. Its flexibility has proved to be both a strength and a weakness: it encourages innovation, but at the cost of complexity, reliability and security. And for people in the developing world, PCs are too bulky, expensive and energy-hungry. W. hen it comes to extending the benefits o
29、f digital technologychiefly, cheap and easy access to information to everyone on the planet, the PC may not be the best tool for the job. Look on the streets of almost any city in the world, however, and you will see people clutching tiny, pocket computers, better known as mobile phones. Already, ev
30、en basic handsets have simple web-browsers, calculators and other computing functions. Mobile phones are cheaper, simpler and more reliable than PCs, and market forcesin particular, the combination of pie-paid billing plans and microcredit schemesare already putting them into the hands of even the w
31、orld“s poorest people. Initiatives to spread PCs in the developing world, in contrast, rely on top-down funding from governments or aid agencies, rather than bottom-up adoption by consumers. All kinds of firms, from giants such as Google to start-ups such as CellBazaar, are working to bring the full
32、 belle, fits of the web to mobile phones. There is no question that the PC has democratised computing and-unleashed innovation, but it is the mobile phone that now seems most likely to carry the dream of the “personal computer“ to its conclusion.（分数：10.00）(1).Why dose the author hold the opinion tha
33、t the IBM personal computer is a rare exception?（分数：2.00）A.Personal computer is an amazing invention.B.IBM lost control of personal computer.C.The birth of IBM personal computer makes drastic changes in our society.D.Among the firms making the biggest splash in personal computer world is IBM.(2).As
34、a result of an industry standardization, PC becomes _.（分数：2.00）A.more and more popular.B.more and more effectiveC.more and more efficient.D.more and more portable.(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is hard to find a job as a computer engineer.B.PC is not the best op
35、tion as a tool to gather information.C.PCs are so expensive and energy-hungry.D.every advantage has its disadvantage.(4).By saying “from giants such as Google to start-ups such as CellBazaar“ (Line 1, Paragraph 5), the author implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.Google is more profitable than CellBazaar.B.they
36、 are Search-engine vendors.C.they are rushing to provide services to mobile phones.D.they have reaped the benefits from mobile phone industry.(5).What is the author“s attitude towards mobile phone?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Biased.D.Prospective.You could say on the court, these are the best
37、days in the history of NBA. So why isn“t the world singing the praise of the NBA? Why isn“t today“s NBA outperforming the NFL, NASCAR, and Major League of Baseball (MLB), all of which have been rocked by scandals large and small over the last few years? Simple because today“s NBA scares the white pe
38、ople. The NBA stands at the dead-center intersection of two rampant social dynamics: the ascendancy of hip-hop culture and 21st-century marketing“s sworn duty to easily definable demographic group. Break yourself into generalized demographic qualities: gender, age, race, economic class. There is ful
39、l range of music, TV shows, movies, and website explicitly designed to keep you warm and toasty in your comfort zone, free from sharp edges. The NBA as it stands today has plenty of sharp edges and has a serious image problem; more than any other sports. For years, whites make up a majority of fan b
40、ase, blacks make up a majority of players. And those players have benefited from ever-upward-spiraling paychecks, they“ve exercised their influence“ to shape the sight of the game around them in their own image. But the NBA is still all about improvisation, artistry, jazz, poetry on the way to and a
41、bove the rim. And while we appreciated the artistry in and of itself, the fact that we can“t do it puts many fans at some kind small, but measurable emotional distance from the game. For the white audience, the skill divide one thing. There always been players that could do things the rest of us cou
42、ldn“t. What“s freaking white Americans out is the way NBA is embracing every element“ of hip-hop culturethe music, the fashion, the attitude, everything. Many events, stories hurt NBA, cementing its lawless-blacks image in observers“ minds. Referring to the word “thug“, that“s operative in short-han
43、ding the new NBA culture, as many observers noted. “Thug“ was so-opted by black culture sometime during the Tupac Era. When people slag NBA“ players as “thug“, it“s good bet they“re not taking about Adam Morris or J.J. Redic. It“s absolutely a racial tag. The NBA, more than any other sports entity,
44、has potential to be a bridge between cultures, a way to bring both sides together in cheering some best athletes of any color. It“s already produced Jordan, the most widely known athlete in history, and it“s gaining ground fast on soccer as the world“s best known sport. But it“s fragile indeed, with
45、 fans in colors viewing basketball as a zero-sum game, where every stereotypically black or white culture apparently forces out it“s ethic opposite. But with serious image problems, another slat falls out of the bridge. And it“s not hard to imagine a time when nobody will be interested in crossing o
46、ver.（分数：10.00）(1).Why isn“t the world singing the praise of the NBA?（分数：2.00）A.NFL, NASCAR, MLB are better than NBA.B.Because of the racialism in NBA.C.The NBA today has a serious image problem.D.White people don“t like NBA games.(2).What can we infer from this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Black people buy ti
47、ckets to see white people play games in NBA.B.NBA players who have ever-upward-spiraling paychecks shape the league“s bad image.C.Emotional distance between NBA and the whites is NBA players“ skills.D.Hip-hop culture is harmful to NBA.(3).We can infer from the fifth paragraph _.（分数：2.00）A.the word “
48、thug“ means racial tag.B.the blacks always let people associate to “thug“ during the Tupac Era.C.pepole considered NBA as lawless-blacks image.D.Adam Morris and J.J. Redic are not black people.(4).What“s the author“s attitude about NBA as a “bridge“?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Indifferent.C.Neutral.D.Skeptical.(5).What“s the best title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.No Room for White in NBA?B.NBA“s Best AgesC.Black and WhiteD.Edges of NBAWalt Disney could have built his biggest theme park anywhere. He chose Florida.
