1、考研英语-试卷 270及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_To the people of the Bijagos archipelago, the shark is sacred. In (1)_ ceremonies youn
2、g men from these islands (2)_ the coast of Guinea-Bissau must spear a shark and present the liver to their (3)_ But can this ancient ceremony (4)_ the economic fact that a bowl of shark“s fin soup can cost $150 in the Far East? In the archipelago, and all along West Africa“s coast, sharks are being
3、“finned“ to (5)_ Fishermen can earn $50-80 (6)_ a kilo of sharks“ fins, far more than ordinary fish. By the time they (7)_ the Far East, they could be (8)_ $500 a kilo or more valuable (9)_ aphrodisiacs as well as for gourmets. The high demand is (10)_ shark populations in West Africa and elsewhere.
4、 Most fish, vulnerable to (11)_ eaten by bigger fish, protect their species by laying millions of eggs. But the shark has no natural enemy (12)_ man, and gives birth to just a (13)_ of young. (14)_ female harks are often caught (15)_ pregnant, the result has been predictably disastrous. Shark-like s
5、awfish, which are also “finned“, are already virtually (16)_ off the Bijagos islands, and guitarfish are (17)_ threat. In some parts of West Africa, when sharks and other similar fish have been finned, the rest of the flesh is often (18)_, salted and exported to places like Ghana, where there is a (
6、19)_ for lt. Dried shark is used much (20)_ a stock cube would be elsewhere. But in the Bijagos islands, where traders are uninterested in exporting dried shark, carcasses are often left to rot on the beach.（分数：40.00）A.beginningB.startC.initiationD.initialA.aboveB.alongC.onD.offA.eldersB.ancestorsC.
7、familyD.relativesA.endureB.live onC.outlastD.surviveA.deathB.dieC.dyingD.be diedA.byB.forC.atD.fromA.attainB.reachC.arriveD.achieveA.worthfulB.worthwhileC.worthyD.worthA.asB.likeC.because ofD.forA.miningB.devastatingC.destroyingD.spoilingA.beingB.beC.beenD.isA.excludingB.besidesC.butD.besideA.handB.
8、littleC.fewD.handfulA.WhenB.SinceC.BecauseD.AsA.whenB.asC.duringD.whistA.destroyedB.extinctC.diedD.vanishedA.inB.underC.atD.belowA.parchedB.dryC.dryingD.driedA.demandB.needC.wantD.requestA.sameB.likingC.asD.alike二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirect
9、ions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The gap between those who have access to computers and the Internet and those who couldn“t spell trouble not only for classroom learning today, but in turn for producing the kind of students who are r
10、eady to compete for the jobs of tomorrow. By the year 2000, 60 percent of all jobs will require high-tech computer skills. Over the next seven years, according to Bureau of Labor statistics, computer and technology related jobs will grow by an astounding 70 percent. “We as a nation are missing the o
11、pportunity of a lifetime“, insists Riley. “The ability of all students to learn at the highest levels with the greatest resources and have the promise of a future of real opportunity-this is the potential of technology“. Riley proposes dosing the gaps in technology access by providing discounted ser
12、vices for schools and libraries. The 1996 Telecommunications Act called for providing all K-12 public and nonprofit private schools, as well as libraries, with discounts-an Education Rate, or E-Rate for telecommunication services, in May 1997, the Federal Communications Commission unanimously voted
13、to provide $2.25 billion a year in discounts ranging from 20 to 90 percent on a sliding scale, with the biggest discounts for the poorest schools. (The E-Rate covers Internet access and internal school connections, but not computers or software.) The first round of applications for the discounts end
14、ed in April 1998 with more than 30,000 received, in time for the beginning of the school year. With the E-Rate in place, it was hoped that most U.S. classrooms would be connected to the Internet (up from 44 percent now), including almost every classroom in the nation“s 50 largest school districts. H
15、owever, criticism from Congress and the telecommunications industry led the FCC in Jurm to reduce the amount available for 1998 to $1.3 billion. Still, the importance of connecting our schools to this vast and potentially powerful learning tool called the Internet is taking hold. In a June commencem
16、ent address at MIT, the first by a sitting president to be broadcast on the Internet, President Clinton firmly emphasized the need to eliminate the digital divide. “Until every child has a computer in the classroom and the skills to use it, until every student can tap the enormous resources of the I
17、nternet, until every high tech company can find skilled workers to fill its high-tech jobs, America will miss the full promise of the Information Age“, he noted. “The choice“, he said, “is simple. We can extend opportunity today to all Americans or leave me behind. We can erase lines of inequity or
18、etch them indelibly. We can accelerate the most powerful engine of growth and prosperity the world has ever known, or allow the engine to stall“.（分数：10.00）(1).In the passage, the word “spell“(Sentence 1, Paragraph 1) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.name or write the letters of a wordB.formC.meanD.solve(2
19、).In order to get the discounts in question, the schools or libraries have to_.（分数：2.00）A.buy computers and softwareB.submit applicationsC.be within the 50 largest school districtsD.be connected to the Internet(3).What would eventually happen if the gap in technology access remains unclosed?（分数：2.00
20、）A.Some students would lag behind in science and math.B.Some students wouldn“t be able to get the E-rate.C.Some graduates would not have the skills to use the computer.D.Some graduates would be at a disadvantage in finding jobs.(4).Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.
21、The Digital DivideB.The Necessity of Eliminating the Digital DivideC.How to Close the Gaps in TechnologyD.Discounted Services(5).According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.More and more jobs require high-tech computer skills.B.The telecommunication industry objects to p
22、roviding discounted services to schools and libraries.C.America will miss the bright future of the Information Age.D.Many people agree that Internet is a very important learning tool.A major reason most experts today support concepts such as a youth services bureau is that traditional correctional p
23、ractices fail to rehabilitate many delinquent youth. It has been estimated that as many as 70 percent of all youth who have been institutionalized are involved in new offenses following their release. Contemporary correctional institutions are usually isolatedgeographically and sociallyfrom the comm
24、unities in which most of their inmates live. In addition, rehabilitative programs in the typical training school and reformatory focus on the individual delinquent rather than the environmental conditions which foster delinquency. Finally, many institutions do not play an advocacy role on behalf of
25、those committed to their care. They fail to do anything constructive about the hack-home conditions-family, school, workfaced by the youthful inmates. As a result, too often institutionalization serves as a barrier to the successful return of former inmates to their communities. Perhaps the most ser
26、ious consequence of sending youth to large, centralized institutions, however, is that too frequently they serve as a training ground for criminal careers. The classic example of the adult offender who leaves prison more knowledgeable in the ways of crime than when he entered is no less true of the
27、juvenile committed to a correctional facility. The failures of traditional correctional institutions, then, point to the need for the development of a full range of strategies and treatment techniques as alternatives to incarceration. Most experts today favor the use of small, decentralized correcti
28、onal programs located in, or close to, communities where the young offender lives. Half-way houses, ail-day probation programs, vocational training and job placement services, remedial education activities, and street working programs are among the community-based alternatives available for working
29、with delinquent and potentially delinquent youth. Over and above all the human factors cited, the case for community-based programs is further strengthened when cost is considered. The most recent“ figures show that more $258 million is being spent annually on public institutions for delinquent yout
30、h. The average annual operating expenditure for each incarcerated youth is estimated at a little over five thousand dollars, significantly more than the cost of sending a boy or girl to the best private college for the same period of time. The continuing increase in juvenile delinquency rates only s
31、erves to heighten the drastic under-financing, the lack of adequately trained staff, and the severe shortage of manpower that characterize virtually every juvenile correction system.（分数：10.00）(1).The content of this selection can best be described as_.（分数：2.00）A.narrativeB.satiricalC.expositoryD.arg
32、umentative(2).What is this passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.As to delinquent youth, decentralized correctional programs are more effective than traditional correctional practices.B.Correctional institutions are superior to youth services bureaus in that they centralize delinquent youth.C.Most delinqu
33、ent youth are liable to be involved in new offences.D.The reason why many experts prefer correctional institutions is that they succeed in rehabilitating delinquent youth.(3).Which of the following statements is false?（分数：2.00）A.Correctional institutions are far away from the communities in which de
34、linquent youth“s inmates live.B.Correctional institutions fail to help the young offender to cope with problems after they go back home.C.Correctional institutions are training ground for criminal careers.D.The rehabilitative programs in correctional institutions focus on environmental factors.(4).T
35、he word “incarceration“(Paragraph 3) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.imprisonmentB.programC.offendD.crime(5).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Drastic under-financing leads to high juvenile delinquency rates.B.Juvenile correction system is in urgent need of manpower as well as train
36、ed staff.C.Due to the high pressure and misunderstanding, juvenile delinquency is on the rise.D.Every juvenile correction system is faced with the same problems.When I was in high school, I had almost no individual identity left. I was a Hillcrest Husky and all other high schools were enemies. I was
37、 a wrestler and all the other sports were wimps. I was on the debate team and everyone else was dumb. At my high school, everyone had a group; no one was an individual. Wait, I take that back. There were a few individuals, but they were completely outcast from our social order. Never in my life can
38、I remember stronger feelings of hate in high school. But we never called it hate. We called it loyalty. As adults, most of us are better at being an individual than we were in high school, but the influences of group identity continue to promote competition and prejudice in our world. If you are lik
39、e me, you want to avoid teaching rivalry, conflict and prejudice to your children. One possible strategy for stopping the negative influences of group identity would be: recognize and replay. Look for the prejudice in your life and replace it with charity. Treat every person as an individual and ign
40、ore the social classifications created by a group-dependent world. A good friend and I once discussed our differing religions beliefs. He identified with a certain group and I with another. Because of our dependence on group identity, our conversations revolved around the beliefs of the groups. Our
41、individual beliefs, which were quite similar, took a back seat while we discussed topics we knew little about. We defended our groups even when we did not understand or know the official group position on many issues. The resulting rivalry has damaged our friendship ever since. My behavior in this s
42、ituation is exactly what scripture and wisdom teach us to avoid. How stupid I was to judge my friend by a group standard! How stupid I was to defend my own group even in areas I knew nothing about! I hope I can teach my children to behave differently. Here, I have used religious beliefs to point onl
43、y one area in which the influence of group identity can create problems. There are many others to consider also. Some of these are marriage, race, culture, language, geographic origin, education, and behavior. We should treat all people as individuals regardless of these conditions. Finally, loyalty
44、 and group identity are not always bad. At times, they can help a lonely person to feel loved or a broken soul to feel success. Group identity can also help us to live a higher standard. But positive peer pressure should never replace individual, one-to-one acts of service and love.（分数：10.00）(1).Acc
45、ording to the article, _came along with group identity.（分数：2.00）A.rivalryB.prejudiceC.conflictsD.all of the above(2).According to the author _was emphasized in high school.（分数：2.00）A.individual identityB.group identityC.excellent abilityD.high scores(3).Why did the author damage the friendship with
46、his good friend?（分数：2.00）A.Because their group beliefs were dissimilar.B.Because their group beliefs were similar.C.Because their individual beliefs were dissimilar.D.Bemuse their individual beliefs were similar.(4).The following statements are the reasons that clarify group identity are not always
47、bad EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.they can help a lonely person to feel lovedB.they can heap a broken soul to feel successC.they can help a person to live a higher standardD.they can promote competition(5).We can infer from the article that author“s attitude toward group identity is_.（分数：2.00）A.biasedB.fair an
48、d justC.subjectiveD.emotionalAlthough recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve fur
