1、考研英语-试卷 34及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Enter the information age. Information is the raw material for many of the business act
2、ivities shaping this new era, (1)_ iron and steel were the basic commodities in the dawning of the industrial age. The world“s knowledge is said to be doubling (2)_ eight years. This knowledge explosion is (3)_ economic progress. The need to collect, analyze, and communicate (4)_ quantities of infor
3、mation is Spawning new products and services, creating jobs, and widening career opportunities. The information age is (5)_ considered to be a phenomenon of the service sector of the economy, (6)_ a product of heavy industry. Certainly, burgeoning information technologies are creating new capabiliti
4、es (7)_ knowledge-based service spheres. But changes just as dramatic are (8)_ industry, giving people the opportunity to do challenging work in exciting new ways. Manufacturing is a full participant in the information age. From design (9)_ production, the manufacturing process has long been in form
5、ation-intensive. It always has required exacting communication to describe (10)_ goes into products and how to make them, Now, computer technology is giving factory managers new capability to gather all of this information and (11)_ it to control production. Telecommunications are producing error-fr
6、ee communication between the design office (12)_ the factory, computer-aided design is enabling engineers to evaluate product performance and manufacturing process (13)_ video displays, before resources are committed to build and test prototypes. Techniques like these are bringing (14)_ new advances
7、 in manufacturing productivity. Just as coal fueled the transformation to an industrial society, (15)_ microelectronics is powering the rise of the information age. Microelectronic information-management tools are strengthening U.S. industrial capability, (16)_ remains vital to America“s economic we
8、ll being and national security. More and more manufacturing companies are (17)_ that the wise of information can give them a competitive edge. As companies emphasize (18)_ information management, talented people will continue to find (19)_ to make factories and milks sing with increased productivity
9、 In manufacturing as well as in services, information technology is a tool to (20)_ human creativity into productivity.（分数：40.00）A.as long asB.so long asC.just asD.so far asA.everyB.eachC.betweenD.duringA.takingB.stimulatingC.sendingD.givingA.bigB.smallC.fewD.greatA.generallyB.eventuallyC.surprisin
10、glyD.finallyA.other thanB.better thanC.rather thanD.no more thanA.withB.inC.byD.onA.transmittingB.transportingC.translatingD.transformingA.inB.toC.fromD.withA.thatB.whichC.whatD.whicheverA.useB.takeC.makeD.combineA.byB.andC.withD.inA.inB.byC.overD.onA.overB.offC.aboutD.forwardA.butB.soC.althoughD.ot
11、herwiseA.thatB.whereC.whatD.whichA.wonderingB.suggestingC.recognizingD.exposingA.powerfulB.effectiveC.helpfulD.productiveA.eventsB.waysC.thingsD.informationA.carryB.makeC.turnD.bring二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four
12、texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth“s resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. Tile over development of motor transport, with its increas
13、e of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earth“s atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis. Our pr
14、esent situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide re sources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious slate, whi
15、ch endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached
16、 into the highest places in the bad. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist, the devotion of all. In the past 5t has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able
17、to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need it reassesses ou
18、r present course, to change that courser and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp item we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting usand the worlda crisis that is no passing in convenience, no by-product of th
19、e ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists“ mere fears, no by-product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed lifestyle. This new lifestyle can flow directly from science and
20、 technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world“s children and future generation.（分数：10.00）(1).Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?（分数：2.00）A.Lack of financial planning.B.The breakup of the family.C.Natu
21、ral disasters in many regions.D.The excessive growth of motors.(2).According to the author, what is one example of our.loss of morality?（分数：2.00）A.Disregard for law.B.Lack of devotion.C.Lack of cooperation.D.Exploitation of resources.(3).By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws
22、 attention to the _.（分数：2.00）A.significance of this crisisB.inadequacy of governmentsC.similarity of the past to the presentD.hopelessness of the situation(4).What contribution does the author feel people must now make?（分数：2.00）A.Search for new energy sources.B.Outlaw motor transportation.C.Accept a
23、 new lifestyle.D.Adopt a new form of government.(5).We have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with _ who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans.（分数：2.00）A.a countryB.a cityC.an areaD.all of the peopleWell, no gain without pain, they say
24、 But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if y
25、ou lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has in creased by about 2% a year, which are more than twice the 1978-1987 averages. The trouble is tha
26、t part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at the point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction“ between the mass of business anecdote that poin
27、ts to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering and downsizingare only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, Which is driven by many other factors such as
28、 joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can mat
29、ter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it wag well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief exe
30、cutive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering“ has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied reengineering in a
31、mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. B.B.D.O.“s A1 Rosen shine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re engineering consultants as mere rubbish“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the Ame
32、rican economic situation is _.（分数：2.00）A.not as good as it seemsB.at its turning pointC.much better than it seemsD.near to complete recovery(2).The official statistics on productivity growth _.（分数：2.00）A.exclude the usual rebound in a business cycleB.fall short of businessmen“s anticipationC.meet th
33、e expectation of business peopleD.fail to reflect the true state of economy(3).The author raises the question “what about pain without gain“ because _.（分数：2.00）A.he questions the truth of “no gain without pain“B.he does not think the productivity revolution worksC.he wonders if the official statisti
34、cs are misleadingD.he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses(4).Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.B.New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.C.The reduc
35、tion of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.D.The consultants are a bunch of good for nothing.(5).The 1978-1987 averages of productivity are less than _.（分数：2.00）A.1%B.2%C.1.5%D.4%Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo“s 17th c
36、entury trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake“s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between sciences and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientific community was so powerfu
37、l that it could effort to ignore its criticsbut no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul Regress, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Leavitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University;
38、 and The Demon Haunted World, by Car Satan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason“, held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Miss)information“, which assembled last June near Buffalo. Antis
39、cience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Leavitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics, that have questioned science“s objectivity. Saga is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict
40、the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
41、 Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News on
42、the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates. That the plate
43、s are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from earth other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents
44、were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth“s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are
45、 moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot spot population it appears that the Afric
46、an plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When
47、 a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of
48、 a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy).（分数：10.00）(1).The author believes that _.（分数：2.00）A.the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth“s interior “B.the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be trueC.the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directionsD.the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart(2).That Africa and South America were onc
