1、考研英语-试卷 46及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_About 40 percent of Americans think of themselves as shy, while only 20 percent say the
2、y have never suffered from shyness at some point in their lives. Shyness occurs when a person“s apprehensions are so great that they (1)_ his making an expected or desired social response. (2)_ of shyness can be as minor as (3)_ to make eye contact when speaking to someone, (4)_ as major as avoiding
3、 conversations whenever possible. “Shy people tend to be too (5)_ with themselves, “said Jonathan Cheek, a psychologist, who is one of those at the forefront of current research on the topic“. (6)_, for a smooth conversation, you need to pay attention to the other person“s cues (7)_ he is saying and
4、 doing. But the shy person is full of (8)_ about how he seems to the other person, and so he often (9)_ cues he should pick up. The result is an awkward lag in the conversation. Shy people need to stop focusing on (10)_ and switch their attention to the other person“. (11)_,shy people by and large h
5、ave (12)_ social abilities than they think they do. (13)_ Dr. Cheek videotaped shy people talking to (14)_,and then had raters(评估者) evaluate how socially skilled the people were, he found that, in the (15)_ of other people, the shy group had few (16)_ problems. But when he asked the shy people thems
6、elves (17)_ they had done, they were unanimous in saying that they had been social flops(失败). “Shy people are their own (18)_ critics, “Dr. Cheek said. (19)_, he added, shy people feel they are being judged more (20)_ than they actually are, and overestimate how obvious their social anxiety is to ot
7、hers.（分数：40.00）A.preventB.inhibitC.keepD.motivateA.SymptomsB.SignalsC.HighlightsD.IncidencesA.succeedingB.failingC.actingD.respondingA.butB.notC.orD.norA.preoccupiedB.absorbedC.engagedD.indulgedA.HoweverB.ThenC.For exampleD.InsteadA.thatB.whichC.whatD.howA.worriesB.feelingsC.emotionsD.indifferencesA
8、.followsB.picks upC.missesD.catchesA.the conversationB.shynessC.othersD.themselvesA.ThereforeB.NeverthelessC.On the contraryD.SimilarlyA.worseB.as goodC.betterD.bestA.WhenB.SinceC.WhileD.AsA.themselvesB.friendsC.strangersD.othersA.nameB.termsC.caseD.eyesA.obliviousB.obviousC.obliqueD.obscureA.whatB.
9、whateverC.howD.howeverA.bestB.justiceC.fairD.worstA.In particularB.In contrastC.In generalD.In comparisonA.positivelyB.negativelyC.subjectivelyD.objectively二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the question
10、s below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._I don“t know why UFOs are never sighted over large cities by hordes of people. But it is consistent with the idea that there are no space vehicles from elsewhere in our skies. I suppose it is also consistent with the ideas that space vehicles from elsewher
11、e avoid large cities. However, the primary argument against recent extraterrestrial visitation is the absence of evidence. Take leprechauns. Suppose there are frequent reports of leprechauns. Because I myself am emotionally predisposed in favor of leprechauns, I would want to check the evidence espe
12、cially carefully. Suppose I find that 500 picnickers independently saw a green blur in the forest. Terrific. But so what? This is evidence only for a green blur. Maybe it was a fast hummingbird. Such cases are reliable but not particularly interesting. Now suppose that someone reports: “I was walkin
13、g through the forest and came upon a convention of 7000 leprechauns. We talked for a while and I was taken down into their hole in the ground and shown pots of gold and feathered green hats. “I will reply: “Fabulous! Who else went along?“ And he will say, “Nobody“, or “My fishing partner“. This is a
14、 case that is interesting but unreliable. In a case of such importance, the uncorroborated testimony of one or two people is almost worthless. What I want is for the 500 picnickers to come upon the 7000 leprechauns, or vice versa. The situation is the same with UFOs. The reliable cases are uninteres
15、ting and the interesting cases are unreliable. Unfortunately, there are no cases that are both reliable and interesting.（分数：10.00）(1).What“s the author“s attitude towards the UFOs?（分数：2.00）A.The author is not sure whether they are true or not.B.The author doubts if they are true.C.The author doesn“t
16、 think they are interesting.D.The author simply does not believe them.(2).According to the author, leprechauns are just like UFOs because _.（分数：2.00）A.they have the same shapeB.they have the same colorC.they are all powerfulD.they are all not reliable(3).It is implied in the passage that one of the
17、reasons that people often talk about UFOs may be that _.（分数：2.00）A.they want to tell liesB.they don“t live in the large citiesC.there are only few witnessesD.the cases are interesting although not reliable(4).It is concluded from the passage that the testimony given by one or two persons is _.（分数：2.
18、00）A.always worthlessB.often reliableC.interesting but not reliableD.nearly worthless if it is concerned with matters of great importance(5).According to the author, _.（分数：2.00）A.one should not believe anything uninterestingB.one should not believe anything which doesn“t occur in big citiesC.one sho
19、uld not be too ready to believe things before checking the evidenceD.one should not expect anything strange to occur in the sky over the big citiesYoung people in the early 1980s are taking on a set of attitudes and values remarkably different from those of the stormy“ 60s and “70s. Instead of anti-
20、establishment outbursts, today“s younger generation had turned more thoughtful and more serious. There is heightened concern for the future of the country and a yearning for the traditions and support systems that gave comfort in the past. Many young men and Women of high-school and college age are
21、having second thoughts about the “new morality“ and condemn what a soaring divorce rate has done to families. They speak openly of gaining strength from religion. Patriotism, too, seems to be making a modest comeback. One change in the early 1980s is a questioning of the permissive moral climate of
22、recent years. More young people, while hesitant to preach or to condemn their peers, cite the destructive effects of the drugs and alcohol that are so widely available in the schools. It is peer pressure that pushes teenagers into drugs, but now the habit often is dropped after high school, accordin
23、g to Debbie Bishop, a 22-year-old secretary. James Elrod, a college junior in Kentucky, also reports that use of marijuana on campus has lessened. A Cornell University law student reflects the views of many with the comment: “I think that drug abuse is harmful to your own health and those around you
24、“. But he adds: “Drinking is fine only as long as it“s not done to excess“. With the added pressures of a more uncertain world, most young people stress the importance of a healthy family life. Yet, as they look at the family“s breakup that has taken place in the past decade, they concede that the c
25、hallenge for many is to make the best of one-parent families. “The American family is evolving and changing, “according to Nina Mule, “Women are going out into the world and having careers. They“re becoming more independent instead of being the burden of the family“. “But a great need remains for a
26、family structure, “says Nina, who still lives with her parents, “because people have to be able to survive emotionally“. In Atlanta, 18-year-old Liss Joiner feels strongly about what“s happened to the family“. People have realized that the family has disintegrated, “she says, “But today“s familypart
27、icularly the black familyis trying to pull itself together and become the strong unit as it once was. “A similar view is expressed by a senior at Brigham Young University: “A happy family means everything to me. I read a lot about how the American family is falling a part. But I see lots of strong f
28、amilies around me, and that makes me very optimistic“.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT a feature of young people in the early 1980s?（分数：2.00）A.The are more thoughtful and serious.B.They have concern for the future of the country.C.They have a yearning for the traditions.D.They don“t like
29、adult world.(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Young people of “60s and “70s held radical attitudes towards life.B.Young people of the early 1980s begin to turn back to traditional values.C.Young people of the early 1980s follow the “new morality“.
30、D.There were anti-establishment occurrences in “60s and “70s.(3).How do teenagers begin to take drugs?（分数：2.00）A.They want to conform to their fellows.B.They want to be grown-up.C.They are threatened into drugs.D.None of the above.(4).Why do young people stress the importance of a healthy family lif
31、e?（分数：2.00）A.They want to live a comfortable life.B.With the constantly added pressures of the outside world, they need a healthy family for emotional shelter.C.They don“t want to make a living by themselves.D.They prefer to live with their parents.(5).Which do you think is the best title of the pas
32、sage?（分数：2.00）A.Young People in the U.S.A Turn Back to Traditional ValuesB.Youth on the MoveC.American Moral ValuesD.Today“s American Young PeopleThe divorce rate in Britain has leveled offto roughly one marriage in threeand shows no sign of reaching the much higher American rate, according to the d
33、emographers(人口统计学者) assembled in Bath last week for a conference on the family. There has been no increase in the rate in the last three years and although many expected it to rise a few more percentage points in the next decade, none believed it would reach the 50 percent that exists in America. On
34、e reason for the stabilizations of divorce is the reduction in the risk factorsfewer teenagers marrying, fewer early births in marriage, fewer pre-marital(婚前的) conceptions. Another reason which was aired at the annual conference of the British Society for Population Studies, was the increase in coha
35、bitation. Some speakers argued that the increase in cohabitation has meant that marital couples are now much more familiar with each other before marriage and therefore less likely to separate. One out of four couples who marry today have lived together and in the older age groups the proportion is
36、much higher. Some 34 percent of women aged over 25 who marry have cohabited, and over 50 percent of women who are marrying a divorced man or who have been divorced themselves, cohabit before marriage. Cohabitation in Britain, however, is still considerably lower than in many European states and was
37、described by the demographers as “essentially a part of contemporary courtship“. Only a small proportion of people who cohabited had children whereas in Sweden some 40 percent of births were now outside formal marriage. The British rate was 13 percent. Kath Kiernan of the Centre for Population Studi
38、es noted that the present statistics suggested that there was a marginally higher risk of separation for couples who had cohabited, but this could possibly be explained by the fact that the statistics covered a period when cohabiting had not become as socially acceptable as it was today. A third rea
39、son why the demographers thought the divorce rate could stabilize was the economic squeeze(利润等的缩减) and the recession(暴跌), which would mean there was less opportunity to separate because of the lack of housing and employment.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “levelled off“ (Para. 1) most probably means _.（分数：
40、2.00）A.increasedB.decreasedC.fluctuatedD.became stable(2).All of the following are the reasons for less divorce EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.the decrease in the risk factorsB.the rise in cohabitationC.on sign of reaching the higher divorce rateD.the lack of housing and employment(3).Which of the following st
41、atements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The divorce rate in Britain would reach 50 percent.B.Some 34 percent of women have cohabited.C.Over 50 percent of women cohabit before marriage.D.13 percent of births were outside formal marriage in Britain.(4).According to the passage, _ causes people to think more befor
42、e separating.（分数：2.00）A.lack of housingB.cohabitationC.the Iow divorce rateD.the problem of children(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Reasons for the StabilizationB.Cohabitation in BritainC.Divorce Rate Levels off in BritainD.Divorce Rate in BritainUnder n
43、ormal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver. Th
44、e means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for a systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste
45、play very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of signs and symbols. Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight such as those used by deaf and
46、dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, of flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of hand stroking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to commun
47、icate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language. The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in
48、common: they last only a short time, and the person involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore all are restricted in time and space.（分数：10.00）(1).Why does the author begin his analysis with the means of receiving communication rather than the means of sending communication?（分数：2.00）A.Communication actually takes place when the message is received.B.There are more means of receiving than of sending communications.C.Reception of communications involves of the senses.D.It is difficult to organi
