1、考研英语-试卷 7及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In country after country, talk of nonsmokers“ right is in the air. While a majority of c
2、ountries have taken little (1)_ yet, some nations have introduced legislative steps (2)_ control smoking. In some developed countries the (3)_ of cigarette has become more or less stabilized. (4)_, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is regarded (5)_ a sign of economic progress and is even
3、 encouraged. As more (6)_ companies go international, new markets are (7)_ to gain more smokers in those countries. For (8)_, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to (9)_ cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa, (10)_ U.S. tobacco exports increased by more (11)_ 4 percent i
4、n 1996. Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should (12)_ serious campaigns against it. Restrictions (13)_ cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and (14)_ on public smoking in certain places such (15)_ theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popu
5、lar tools used by nations in (16)_ of non-smokers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is (17)_ on another step that will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his (18)_. Great efforts should be made to (19)_ young people especially of the dreadful consequenc
6、es of (20)_ the habit. And cigarette price should be boosted.（分数：40.00）A.partB.actionC.blameD.punishmentA.forB.toC.withD.overA.consumptionB.expenseC.scalesD.restrictionA.AndB.ThereforeC.ThusD.HoweverA.asB.toC.intoD.withA.cigarB.smokeC.tobaccoD.cigaretteA.statedB.soughtC.selectedD.servedA.allB.everC.
7、exampleD.fearA.consistB.coverC.transferD.sellA.whenB.whoseC.whichD.whereA.thatB.thanC.overD.likeA.motivateB.operateC.conductD.tackleA.withB.aboutC.forD.onA.informationB.supportC.bansD.temptationA.butB.andC.as.D.orA.sketchB.supportC.behalfD.lineA.servingB.focusingC.illustratingD.judgingA.habitB.angle
8、C.performanceD.methodA.informB.withdrawC.spotD.consistA.taking upB.taking inC.taking overD.taking after二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Can compu
9、ter viruses ever be a force for progress? In the wild west of the online world, the archetypal baddies are computer viruses and worms. These self-replicating programs are notorious for wreaking havoc in the systems of unwary users. But, as in the west, not all gunslingers wear black hats. Some virus
10、 writers wish their fellow users well, and have been spreading viruses that are designed to do good, not harm. Cheese Worm, which appeared a few weeks ago, attempts to fix computers that have been compromised by the Lion Worm. The Lion Worm is dangerous. It infects computers that use the Linux opera
11、ting system, and creates multiple “backdoors“ into the infected computer. It then e-mails information about these backdoors to people who wish to misuse that computer for nefarious purposes such as “denial of service“ attacks on websites. (Such attacks bombard a site with so many simultaneous reques
12、ts for access that it comes out with its hands up.) That might sound like a good thing. So might VBS.Noped.Amm. This virus, which arrives as an e-mail attachment, searches a user“s hard drive for specific files which the (unknown) virus writer believes contain child pornography. If the virus finds a
13、ny files on the proscribed list, it e-mails a copy of the file in question to a random recipient from a list of American government agencies, with an explanatory note. The notion of “good“ viruses may sound novel; but, according to Vesselin Bontchev, a virus expert with Frisk Software International
14、in Iceland, it is not. However, early attempts to create beneficial virusesfor example, programs that compressed or encrypted files without asking a user“s permissionwere resented, because they represented a loss of control over a user“s computer, and a diversion of data-processing resources. Inocul
15、ating computers against infection sounds like a good idea, but fails because any unauthorised changes are suspicious. Cheese Worm, even though it is designed to help the user whose disk it ends up on, suffers from the same objection. And VBS.Noped.Amm, whatever social benefits its author might think
16、 it has, is not even meant to do that. If it works, it will harm the user rather than help him. It is little more than cyber-vigilantism. Appropriate to the wild west, perhaps, but if cyberspace is to be civilised, other solutions will have to be found.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage we can infer tha
17、t _.（分数：2.00）A.computer viruses might be a force for progressB.computers are full of viruses and wormsC.computers are wild in the westD.viruses are spreading online(2).According to the passage, the Lion Worm is _.（分数：2.00）A.similar to Cheese WormB.dangerous to a wide range of computersC.hazardous to
18、 the Linux operating systemD.a computer program for nefarious purposes(3).Judging from the context, VBS.Noped.Amm is probably _.（分数：2.00）A.a good thingB.an unknown virusC.a dangerous virusD.a benign virus(4).According to Vesselin Bontchev the notion of “good“ viruses is _.（分数：2.00）A.just like a nove
19、lB.something newC.something usualD.something unique(5).The purpose of the author in writing the text is to _.（分数：2.00）A.welcome “good“ virusesB.illustrate the nature of “good“ virusesC.expose the harm of “good“ virusesD.condemn the misbehavior of spreading virusesInformation technologists have dream
20、t for decades of making an electronic display that is as good as paper: cheap enough to be pasted on to wails and billboards, clear enough to be read in broad daylight, and thin and flexible enough to be bound as hundreds of flippable leaves to make a book. Over the past few years they have got clos
21、e. In particular, they have worked out how to produce the display itself, by sandwiching tiny spheres that change colour in response to an electric charge inside thin sheets of flexible, transparent plastic. What they have not yet found is a way to mass-produce flexible electronic circuitry with whi
22、ch to create that charge. But a paper just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that this, too, may be done soon. The process described by John Rogers and his colleagues from Bell Laboratories, an arm of Lucent Technologies, in New Jersey, and E Ink Corporation,
23、in Cambridge, Massachusetts, starts with E Ink“s established half-way house towards true electronic paper. This is based on spheres containing black, liquid dye and particles of white, solid pigment. The pigment particles are negatively charged, so they can be pushed and pulled around by electrodes
24、located above and below the sheet. The electrodes, in turn, are controlled by transistors under the sheet. Each transistor manipulates a single picture element (pixel), making it black or white. The pattern of pixels, in turn, makes up the picture or text on the page. The problem lies in making the
25、transistors and connections. Established ways of doing this, such as photolithography, use silicon as the semiconductor in the transistors. That is all right for applications suck as pesters. It is too fragile and too expensive, though, for genuine electronic paperwhich is why cheap and flexible ele
26、ctronic components are needed. For flexibility, Dr. Rogers and his colleagues chose pentacene as their semiconductor, and gold as their wiring. Pentacene is a polymer whose semiconducting properties were discovered only recently. Gold is the most malleable metal known, and one of the best electrical
27、 conductors. Although it is pricey, so little is needed that the cost per article is tiny. To make their electronic paper the researchers started with a thin sheet of Mylar, a tough plastic, that was coated with indium-tin oxide (ITO), a transparent electrical conductor. To carve this conductor into
28、 a suitable electric circuit, they used an innovation called microcontact printing lithography. This trick involves printing the pattern of the circuit on to the ITO using a rubber stamp. The “ink“ in the process is a solvent-resistant chemical that protects this part of the ITO while allowing the r
29、est to be dissolved.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph of the passage, we can learn that an electronic display _.（分数：2.00）A.can be made as good as paperB.is cheap enough to be pasted on to walls and billboardsC.will be as thin and flexible as paperD.is difficult to be created in the form of flex
30、ible electronic circuitry(2).How many institutes or organizations are involved in the paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences?（分数：2.00）A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.(3).Silicon is not used for genuine electronic paper because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is used in the semiconductor in the trans
31、istorsB.it is all right for applications such as postersC.it is brittle and costlyD.cheap and flexible electronic components are needed(4).Gold is used to ensure flexibility, because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is the most malleable and highly conductive metal knownB.it is priceyC.little is needed and the cost
32、is tinyD.all of the above(5).The best title for the passage maybe _.（分数：2.00）A.A Special Electronic DisplayB.John Rogers and His Colleagues“ InventionC.The Creation of the Electronic PaperD.The Age of the Electronic PageThe right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US Constitution, b
33、ut no one seems quite sure which way happiness ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift conceived of happiness as “the state of being well-deceived“, or of being “a fool among idiots“, for Swift saw society as a land of false goals. It is, of course, un-Amer
34、ican to think in terms of false goals. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough. And at the same time the forces of American business are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising
35、 is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create themand to create them faster than anyone“s budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on addicting us to greed. We are even told it is our patriotic duty to support the national ec
36、onomy by buying things. Look at any of the magazines that cater to women. There advertising begins as art and slogans in the front pages and ends as pills and therapy in the back pages. The art at the front illustrates the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. This, the p
37、erfumed breath she must breathe out. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. This is the cream that restores skin, these are the tablets that melt a
38、way fat around the thighs, and these are the pills of perpetual youth. Obviously no reasonable person can be completely persuaded either by such art or by such pills and devices. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy this dream and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-
39、market is not running out of customers, but what is it they are trying to buy? Defining the meaning of “happiness“ is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others,
40、 living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs of the passage we may infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.the US Constitution gives people the right to pursue happinessB.American people are at a loss a
41、s how to gain happinessC.Jonathan Swift did not believe in happiness itselfD.American people tend to buy their happiness(2).In “advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them“(Para. 3), the word “them“ refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.American businessB.advertisementsC.sense of happinessD.people
42、“s desires(3).In the author“s view, buying things is regarded as _.（分数：2.00）A.a patriotic dutyB.an action of supporting the national economyC.something addicting us to greedD.being taken in by advertising(4).It is implied by the author that the magazines are _.（分数：2.00）A.sheer art and slogansB.full
43、of lure and deceptionC.dream of perfect beauty for womenD.useless cream, tablets and pills(5).The best title for the passage maybe _.（分数：2.00）A.The Pursuit of HappinessB.The Right to Pursue HappinessC.The False Goals of American PeopleD.The Misguiding Force of AdvertisingErroneous virtues are runnin
44、g out of control in our culture. I don“t know how many times my 13-year-old son has told me about classmates who received $10 for each “A“ grade on their report cardshinting that I should do the same for him should he ever receive an A. Whenever he approaches me on this subject, I give him the same
45、reply: forget it! This is not to say that I would never praise my son for doing well in school. But my praise is not meant to reward or elicit future achievements, but rather to express my genuine delight in the satisfaction he feels at having done his best. Doling out $10 sends out the message that
46、 the feeling alone isn“t good enough. As a society, we seem to be on the brink of losing our internal controlthe ethical boundaries that guide our actions and feelings. Instead, these ethical standards have been eclipsed by external “stuff“ as a measure of our worth. We pass this obscene message on
47、to our children. We offer them money for learning how to convert fractions to decimals. Refreshments are given as a reward for reading. In fact, in one national reading program, a party awaits the entire class if each child reads a certain number of books within a four-month period. We call these th
48、ings incentives, telling ourselves that if we can just reel them in and get them hooked, then the internal rewards will follow. I recently saw a television program where unmarried, teenage mothers were featured as the participants in a program that offers a $10 a week “incentive“ if these young women don“t get pregnant again. Isn“t the daily plight of being a single, teenaged mother enough to discourage them from becoming pregnant again? No, it isn“t, because we as a so
