1、考研英语-试卷 80及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a
2、 given group of human beings. In this (1)_, every group has a culture, however un-developed or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture (2)_ another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic (3)_ among the d
3、ifferent languages. People once (4)_ the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped (5)_ of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. (6)_ it is possible that language (7)_ began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward“ languages (8)_ no s
4、poken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of (9)_ groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely (10)_, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They (11)_ behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which u
5、sually are fully adequate for all language needs, (12)_ only in their vocabularies, which reflect their speakers“ social (13)_. Even in this department, (14)_, two things are to be noted: 1) All languages seem to (15)_ the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already
6、in existence (16)_ by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2) The objects and activities requiring names and (17)_ in “backward“ languages, while different from ours, are often (18)_ numerous and complicated. A Western languages distinguishes merely between two
7、degrees of remoteness (“this“ and “that“); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker or to the person (19)_ and what is removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, (20)_ a new light upon the clai
8、m of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank.（分数：40.00）A.perspectiveB.senseC.dimensionD.mannerA.toB.uponC.overD.offA.entitlementB.contradictionC.discrepancyD.hierarchyA.envisagedB.viewedC.assessedD.integratedA.formsB.patternsC.shapesD.symbolsA.
9、SinceB.WhileC.AlthoughD.UnlessA.on averageB.at lengthC.by contrastD.in generalA.whatB.whenC.whichD.thatA.illiterateB.unculturedC.misguidedD.disadvantagedA.complexB.loftyC.redundantD.rigorousA.ripB.surgeC.lagD.leapA.rather thanB.butC.less thanD.andA.ordersB.ritualsC.sectorsD.staplesA.thereforeB.howev
10、erC.indeedD.henceA.operateB.possessC.striveD.invadeA.butB.but ratherC.orD.or elseA.discriminationsB.distinctionsC.distortionsD.dispositionsA.surprisinglyB.illogicallyC.improbablyD.invariablyA.remarkedB.saidC.addressedD.talkedA.presentsB.offersC.givesD.sheds二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Se
11、ction II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Penny-pinching consumers and fierce price wars are bad news for the travel industry. Bad, that is, for everyone except the booming on line travel giants. C
12、onsider the sharp rebound of such on-line players as Travelocity and Expedia. While they suffered in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks, with bookings off as much as 70% in the weeks that followed, business has snapped back. “The speed with which those businesses bounced back surprised
13、 even the people most bullish about the sector,“ says Mitchell J. Rubin, a money manager at New York-based Baron Capital, an investor in on-line travel stocks. The travel industry“s pain is often the on-line industry“s gain, as suppliers push more discounted airline seats and hotel rooms to win back
14、 customers. And many of those deals are available only on dine. At the same time, on-line agencies rely primarily on leisure travelers, where traffic has rebounded more quickly than on the business side. The two biggest players, Travelocity Com. Inc. and Expedia Inc., are locked in combat for the to
15、p spot. Both sold some $3 billion worth of travel last year, though Expedia topped Travelocity in the fourth quarter in gross bookings. And thanks in part to a greater emphasis on wholesale deals with suppliers, Expedia is more profitable. For the quarter ended in December, Expedia posted its first
16、net profit, $5.2 million, even with noncash and nonrecurring charges, compared with Travelocity“s $25 million loss. The airlines“ latest cost cutting moves may only spur the on-line stampede. Major carriers are eliminating travel agent commissions in the U.S. That could lead to growing service charg
17、es for consumers at traditional agencies, driving still more travelers to the Web. Jupiter Media Metrix is predicting that on line travel sales in the U.S. will jump 29%0, to $31 billion this year, and to $50 billion by 2005. About half of that is from airlines“ and other suppliers“ own Web sites, b
18、ut that still leaves plenty of room for the online agents. This growing market is drawing plenty of competition and new players. Hotel and car rental franchiser Cendant Corp. snapped up Cheap Tickets last October. Barry Diller“s U.S.A Networks Inc. bought a controlling stake in Expedia. And a group
19、of hotels, including Hilton Hotels and Hyatt Corp., are launching their own business this summer to market hotel rooms on the Net. Is the field too crowded? Analysts and on-line agencies aren“t worried, figuring that there“s plenty of new business to go around. But, for now, the clear winners are co
20、nsumers, who can count on finding better services and better deals on line.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the beginning that the competition in the travel industry revolves chiefly around（分数：2.00）A.suppliers markets.B.price battles.C.travel stocks.D.on line services.(2).Who benefited the most from
21、the competition among travel agencies?（分数：2.00）A.Consumers.B.On-line agencies.C.Airliners.D.Traditional agencies.(3).It can inferred from Paragraph 4 that airlines“ cost-cutting moves（分数：2.00）A.will be of great benefit to agent commissions.B.are intended to cater to the needs of consumers.C.will hel
22、p plenty of new business to go around.D.might have affected the gain of on-line agencies.(4).The word “bullish“ (Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.skeptical.B.doubtful.C.optimistic.D.shocked.(5).Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.On-line travel agents are i
23、ndispensable to travelers.B.On line travel services are likely to take wing.C.The advent of on-line players will hurt consumers.D.Consumers are denied the right to cancel bookings.Imagine the U.S. economic gains of the 1990s, and what comes to mind? Perhaps it was how the stock market ruled: All tho
24、se initial public offerings that raked in unprecedented billions for venture capitalists. And wasn“t it a great time to be a top manager, with productivity gains boosting the bottom line and igniting executive pay? While it was going on, venture capitalist L. John Doerr called the boom the “largest
25、single legal creation of wealth in history.“ Well, yes and no. With the recession apparently over, it“s now possible to make a more realistic assessment of the entire business cycle of the 1990s: The sluggish recovery that started in March, 1991, the extraordinary boom, the tech bust, and the downtu
26、rn of 2001. And guess what? A lot of things happened that defy the conventional beliefs about the decade. Over this 10-year period, productivity rose at a 2.2% annual rate, roughly half a percentage point faster than in the 1980sa significant gain. But the real stunner is this: The biggest winners f
27、rom the faster productivity growth of the 1990s were workers, not investors. In many ways, the most tangible sign of worker gains in the 1990s was the home-buying boom. This revelation helps us understand why consumer spending stayed so strong in the recessionand why businesses may still struggle in
28、 the months ahead. By contrast, the return on the stock market in the 1990s business cycle was actually lower than it was in the business cycle of the 1980s. Adjusted for inflation and including dividends, average annual returns on the S should a terrorist attack take place, cops want to be able to
29、track callers before and after the event. Telecoms will be required to retain this information for between six months and two years. (43) 3. The information could allow authorities to identify perpetrators after the fact, as in London, or show part of an attack taking place, as in Madrid. The law al
30、so opens up mobile-phone and Internet records, as well as previously confidential customer travel and shipping information, to scrutiny by authorities tracking suspicious individuals. And it requires cybercaf computer users to provide an ID document whose number is recorded and linked to the compute
31、r used and time of day. Even Amsterdam, a city legendary for its liberal attitudes, is spending millions to increase video surveillance of public transport. Cameras now watch places like the E1Tawheed mosque. Italy spends $275 million a year on telephone intercepts and conducts an astounding 172 jud
32、icial intercepts or wiretaps per 100,000 inhabitants. (44) 4. Aside from the privacy implications, some security experts warn that all this new information may overwhelm cops. Computer programs that flag suspicious data still require human intervention. What“s the next step in this surveillance cult
33、ure? (45) 5. Fighting terror is one rationale for the system, but on a day-to-day basis it will come in most handy as a way of checking that drivers are insured and have no outstanding violations or warrants. That points out one potential problem Studies have shown that surveillance is good for prev
34、enting assaults on taxi drivers and other petty incidents, but has little effect on major crime. If this proves to be the case with terrorism, Europeans may one day grow tired of being watched.A. By the end of the year, British authorities will begin sending license-plate information from thousands
35、of roadside cameras to a new central database, as well as to police and M.I.6.B. Europeans used to worry that to install cameras in the public areas may destroy individual privacy.C. A month after the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms
36、to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for “anti-terror“ purposes.D. Success, of course, breeds success: the government plans to install 500 more radar devices this year.E. Terrorism nowadays becomes a common concern throughout the European continent and more and more countries are involved in
37、 taking actions.F. Not everyone is happy with all these watchful eyes.G. France, which was a target of radical Muslim terrorism well before 9.11, adopted a tough anti terror law in December that clears the way for authorities to install thousands of video cameras in transport hubs, religious centers
38、 (mostly mosques), workplaces and public spaces.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_5.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._Roughly 30m people are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The vast majority live in the poor
39、er parts of the planet. Of these, an estimated 6.5m are in urgent need of anti-retroviral medicinesthe cocktails of drugs that have, in rich countries, transformed AIDS from an acute lethal condition to a chronic complaint. (46) Two years ago a concerted international effort was launched to get 3m o
40、f these people on to anti-retroviral therapy by the end of 2005the “3 by 5“ campaign as the World Health Organization (WHO) dubbed it. This week the WHO and UNAIDS, another United Nations body with responsibility for dealing with the disease, reported on progress so far. (47) The good news is that t
41、he number of people now getting the drags stands at roughly 1 mmore than double what it was at the end of 2003. The bad news is that this achievement is 600,000 patients short of the mid-2005 target set by the WHO, which means that “3 by 5“ looks like turning into “3 by 6“ instead. (48) Progress bas
42、 been slower than expected, says Jim Kim, head of the WHO“s HIV/AIDS department, in part because of bottlenecks in setting up procurement and supply-chain management in poor countries. There have also been problems training enough nurses and other health-care workersthe unglamorous bits of improving
43、 health-care systems. While the shortfall is disappointing, there are some encouraging signs. Four years ago, a basic cocktail of anti-retroviral medicines cost $10,000 a year. Today that price has fallen to around $150 in many countries. (49) The dramatic decline is thanks largely to the introducti
44、on of cheap generic medicines from Indian manufacturers and others, as well as discounting by multinational drug giants. That is not to say that drug prices and patents are no longer controversial. Last week, the Brazilian government said it would break the patent on an anti-retroviral drug produced
45、 by Abbott Laboratories, an American company, unless that firm agreed to match the much lower price of local manufacturers. As the ever-optimistic Dr. Kim points out, there are other positive developments, too. (50) For example, more poor countries are making AIDS a national priority, setting treatm
46、ent targets and concrete plans for how to reach them. As treatment becomes available, more people are also turning up for counseling and testing, which in turn helps with AIDS prevention. And despite initial fears that women might have problems gaining access to treatment, there are as yet no signs of them losing out.（分数：10.00）_三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)6.Section III Writing_7.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on
