1、考研英语 147 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industr
2、ial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is th
3、e most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and
4、pension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. Manpower Inc. ,with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary, employment agency. Every morning, its people -|_|- into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days
5、work for a days pay, one day at a time. -|_|- industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive -|_|- reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. -|_|- its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers
6、 and temporary workers. This“ -|_|- “work force is the most important -|_|- in American business today, and it is -|_|- changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive -|_|- avoiding market cycles and the growing bur
7、dens -|_|- by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of -|_|- that came being a loyal employee. （分数：1.00）A.swarmB.strideC.separateD.slip二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. (1) Interpret the following pictures. (2) Predict t
8、he tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons. (1) Interpret the following pictures. (2) Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.*（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallile
9、os 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientific community was so
10、powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience“ in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers Uni
11、versity; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as“ The Flight from Science and Reason,“ held in New York City in 1995,and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information, “which assembled last June near Buffal
12、o. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contra
13、dict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic rese
14、arch. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological Utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News
15、the fact of prose is that real democracy means government by some kind of dominant majority. And the ever-present danger, repeatedly realized in fact, is that this dominant majority may behave toward those who are not of the majority in such a manner as to undermine the moral basis of the right of p
16、eople, because they are people, to have some important say in the setting of their own course and in the use of their own faculties. Other forms of government may similarly fail to respect human independence. But there is at least no contradiction in that; the underlying assumption of every kind of
17、government by wisers and betters is that people on the whole are not fit to manage their own affairs, but must have someone else do it for them, and there is no paradox when such a government treats its subjects without respect, or deals with them on the basis of their having no rights that the gove
18、rnment must take into account. But democracy affirms that people are fit to control themselves, and it cannot live in the same air with the theory that there is no limit to the extent to which public power-even the power of a majority-can interfere with the lives of people. Rational limitation on po
19、wer is therefore not a contradiction to democracy, but is of the very essence of democracy as such. Other sorts of government may impose such limitations on themselves as an act of grace. Democracy is under the moral duty of limiting itself because such limitation is essential to the survival of tha
20、t respect for humankind which is in the foundations of democracy. Respect for the freedom of all people cannot, of course, be the only guide, for there would then be no government. Delicate ongoing compromise is what must be looked for. But democracy, unless it is to deny its own moral basis, must a
21、ccept the necessity for making this compromise and for giving real weight to the claims of those without the presently effective political power to make their claims prevail in elections （分数：1.00）(1).By “the prose of democracy“ ( Par. 1 ) the author most probably means its（分数：0.20）A.popular interpre
22、tation.B.actual operation.C.ongoing compromise.D.rational limitation.(2). In the authors view, the failure of nondemocratic governments to respect human independence（分数：0.20）A.is in conformity with their basic assumptions.B.interferes with the rights of the minority.C.hinders the achievement of thei
23、r objectives.D.leads to consequences beyond their anticipation.(3). We can infer from the selection that（分数：0.20）A.democracy in its true sense can scarcely be regarded as realistic.B.democracy has to give up its moral basis for proper compromise.C.democratic governments should respect the rights of
24、the minority.D.democratic governments must weigh the claims of political inferiors.(4).Which of the following does the author consider essential for the preservation of the moral basis of democracy?（分数：0.20）A.Actual development of self-governments of the minority.B.Real expression of the whole peopl
25、es will.C.Necessary limitation on the power of the government.D.Full respect for the freedom of all individuals.(5). According to the text, all types of governments believe that the（分数：0.20）A.minority must well cooperate with the majority.B.course of citizens lives is to be regulated officially.C.in
26、dividual is entitled to directing his or her own affairs.D.government can hardly express the will of every citizen.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site s “perso
27、nal search agent“. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D. C. Three weeks later, he got his
28、first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,“ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time- consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduc
29、e the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,“ says one expert. For any job search, you should st
30、art with a narrow concept what you think you want to do-then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,“ says another expert. “There s no career counseling implicit in all of this.“ Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular data
31、base; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,“ says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerS
32、ite s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs-those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them-and they do. “On the day after we
33、send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,“ says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who aren t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compens
34、ation to ann themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,“ he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. （分数：1.00）(1).How did Redmon find his job
35、?（分数：0.20）A.By searching openings in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By E-mailing his resume to a database.(2). Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?（分数：0.20）A.Lack of counselingB.Limited number of vi
36、sits.C.Lower efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.(3).The expression “tip service“ ( Line 4, Paragraph 3 ) most probably means（分数：0.20）A.advisory.B.compensation.C.interactionD.reminder(4).Why does CareerSite s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?（分数：0.20）A.To focus on better job matc
37、hes.B.To attract more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：0.20）A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.P
38、ersonal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Personality is to a large extent inherentA-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if compet
39、ition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs“ moral standard and meas
40、ure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences
41、: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!“ By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The
42、 merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a
43、 childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades
44、in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually_.（分数：0.25）A.impatientB.considerateC.a
45、ggressiveD.agreeable(2).The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because_.（分数：0.25）A.the pressure is too great on the studentsB.some students are bound to failC.failure rates are too highD.the results of examinations are doubtful(3). The selection of medical professi
46、onals are currently based on_.（分数：0.25）A.candidates sensitivityB.academic achievementsC.competitive spiritD.surer values(4).From the passage we can draw the conclusion that_.（分数：0.25）A.the personality of a child is well established at birthB.family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteris
47、ticsC.the development of ones personality is due to multiple factorsD.B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society四、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.Your office is in bad need of a new copier. Write a letter to the RBM Manufacturing Company to indicate: 1) the model of copier you need, 2
48、) its working load required, and 3) inquiry about price, warranty and service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the endof the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) Your office is in bad need of a new copier. Write a letter to the RBM Manufacturing Company to indicate: 1)
