1、考研英语 150及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, -|_|- this is largely because, -|_|- animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are -|_|- to perceiving those
2、smells which float through the air, -|_|- the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, -|_|- , we are extremely sensitive to smells, -|_|- we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of -|_|- human smells even these are -|_|-to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some
3、 people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, -|_|- others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate -|_|- smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send -|_|
4、- to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell -|_|- can suddenly become sensitive to it -|_|- to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it -|_|- to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can
5、 -|_|- new receptors if necessary. This may -|_|- explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not -|_|- of the usual smell of our own house, but we -|_|- new smells we visit someone else s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors -|_|- for un
6、familiar and emergency signals -|_|- the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, -|_|- this is largely because, -|_|- animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses
7、 are -|_|- to perceiving those smells which float through the air, -|_|- the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, -|_|- , we are extremely sensitive to smells, -|_|- we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of -|_|- human smells even these are -|_|-to far below one part
8、in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, -|_|- others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate -|_|- smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells w
9、hich sense smells and send -|_|- to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell -|_|- can suddenly become sensitive to it -|_|- to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it -|_|- to keep all smell recepto
10、rs working all the time but can -|_|- new receptors if necessary. This may -|_|- explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not -|_|- of the usual smell of our own house, but we -|_|- new smells we visit someone else s. The brain finds it best to ke
11、ep smell receptors -|_|- for unfamiliar and emergency signals -|_|- the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. （分数：1.00）A.althoughB.asC.butD.while二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture,
12、2) interpret its meaning,and 3) state your plan to do so. You should write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its meaning,and 3) state your plan to do so. You sh
13、ould write about 160 -200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) *（分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)U.S. prisons are filled with drug offenders; the number of prisoners tripled over the past 20 years to nearly 2 million, with 60 to 70 per cent testing positive for substance abuse on arr
14、est. The country has spent billions of dollars attacking the problem at its roots. But there is growing consensus that the “war on drug“ has been lost. The United States is still the worlds largest consumer of illegal substances; cocaine continues to pour over the border from Mexico. “Traffic“ taps
15、into the national frustration, depicting the horrors of both drugs and the drug war. Without taking sides, the film illuminates the national debate and poses on alternative that Americans seem increasingly willing to consider: finding new ways to treat, rather than merely punish, drug abuse. Policy
16、revolutionslike legalizing narcotics (drugs producing sleep or insensibility) remain a distant dream. But there is growing public awareness that the money and energy wasted on trying to check the flow of drugs into the United States might be better spent on trying to control demand instead. Voters i
17、n several states are far ahead of the politicians, approving ballot initiatives that offer more treatment opinions. “Drugs courts“ that allow judges to use carrots and sticks to compel substance-abuse treatment have grown fifty-fold since the mid-1990s, part of a new understanding that, even with fr
18、equent relapses( returns to a formal state), treatment is much less expensive for society than jail and ban. Drug addiction is increasingly being viewed as more a disease than a crime. Science is yielding clues about the “hedonic (of pleasure ) region“ of the brain, while breakthrough medications an
19、d greater understanding of the mental-health problems that underlie many addictions are giving therapists new tools. Officials across the Continent have already begun shifting their focus from preventing drug flow to rehabilitating (making able to live a normal life again) drug users. The new Europe
20、an Union Drugs Strategy for 2000-2004 makes a commitment to increasing the number of successfully treated addicts. Gemany, Italy and Luxembourg have transferred responsibility for drug policy from their Ministries of the Interior to the Ministries of Health or Social Affairs. In Britain, the governm
21、ent has set up a National Treatment Agency to coordinate the efforts of social-service agencies and the Department of Health. And drug-prevention and support agencies there are getting about 30 percent more funding this year. Changing the main national strategy from attacking drug pushers to rehabil
22、itating addicts wont come easy. But slowly, steadily, Americans, like Europeans, seem determined to try. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the text, U. S. prisoners（分数：0.20）A.have increased by 2 million in number.B.are most jailed for their drug habit.C.consist of over 1.2 million drug dealers.D.are almost
23、all wrong substance users.(2). The word “Traffic“ in Par. 1 most probably means（分数：0.20）A.illegal trading in drugs.B.drug transport business.C.ways of smuggling drugs.D.channels of drug delivery.(3).Drug addiction is being viewed as a disease because（分数：0.20）A.scientists have got to the root of the
24、problem.B.new medical breakthroughs have been produced.C.it usually gives rise to illnesses of the mind.D.strategy is shifting from punishment to treatment.(4).There seems to be growing awareness of（分数：0.20）A.the immense expense in tackling drug problem.B.the unavoidable legalization of certain drug
25、s.C.the illumination of the debate about drug abuse.D.the impossible elimination of drug production.(5).More and more Americans favor all of the following EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.compulsory treatment for drug addiction.B.forced demand-side reduction in drugs.C.lessening the fund supply to drugs courts.D.ta
26、king reward or punishment measures.The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying
27、: “Won t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing
28、rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest fi
29、rms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going bey
30、ond what the evidence justifies. For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different opinion. This has one advantage, and only one, ascompared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is
31、not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi (圣雄甘地) considered it unfortunate to have railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting anyone who holds this opinio
32、n, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technology for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in
33、 refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue. Furthermore, I have frequently found myself growing more agreeable through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent. （分数：1.00）(1).The author intends to te
34、ll us that（分数：0.20）A.human beings, including those of genius, are liable to foolish errors.B.people can avoid silly mistakes unless they observe common rules.C.it needs average intelligence for us to keep away from silly opinions.D.foolish opinions usually occur to those who rarely commit big mistak
35、es.(2).The example of Aristotle is used to indicate that（分数：0.20）A.observation hinders people from any mistakes.B.great men advance false arguments occasionally.C.primitive apparatuses hamper precise observation.D.realistic investigations are vital to sound judgments.(3).Most people are unlikely to
36、be subject to silly errors（分数：0.20）A.when they do not violate the rules of observation and imagination.B.if they refute their opponents opinions in a fairly reasonable way.C.unless they are convinced of their unjustifiable knowledge of things.D.until they reconcile with their opponents through imagi
37、nary dialogue(4).According to the text, it is true that（分数：0.20）A.there are various ways to rectify false beliefs in many matters.B.our irritation at opposite views proves our unconvincingness.C.fierce controversies reveal the incapacity to win either side.D.we should firmly defend our belief as it
38、encounters any challenge.(5).The author tries to convince us of the fact that（分数：0.20）A.an imaginary argument with opponents may avoid foolish errors.B.Mahatma Gandhi foresaw the harm caused by modern technology.C.an opponents views can be verified by considering Gandhis arguments.D.we have to agree
39、 with actual opponents who offer reasonable opinions.There will be a steady trend toward vegetarianism. A given quantity of ground can provide plant food for man or it can provide plant food for animals which are later killed for meat. In converting the tissues of food into the tissues of the feeder
40、, up to 90 per cent is used for reasons other than tissue maintenance and growth. This means that one hundred pounds of plant food will support ten pounds of human tissuewhile one hundred pounds of plant food will support ten pounds of animal tissue, which will then support one pound of human tissue
41、. In other words, land devoted to plant food will support ten times as many human beings as land devoted to animal food. It is this (far more than food preferences or religious directions ) that forces overcrowded populations into vegetarianism. And it will be the direction in which the United State
42、s of 2001 will be movingnot by presidential order, but through the force of a steady rise in meat prices as compared with other kinds of food. This, in turn, will come about because our herds will decrease as the food demand causes more and more meadow to be turned to farmland, and as land producing
43、 corn and other animal food is converted to providing food directly for man. Another point is that it is not only energy that is in short supply. A shortage of oil means a shortage of plastics; a shortage of electricity means a shortage of aluminium. We are also experiencing a shortage of paper and
44、most other raw materials. This means that, for one thing, our generosity in wrapping, bagging and packaging will have to recede. There will have to be at least a partial return in supermarkets to the old days where goods were supplied in bulk and given out in bags to order. It may even become necess
45、ary to return bags, as we once returned bottles, or pay for new ones. A decline in per-capita energy use will make it necessary to resort to human muscle again, so that the delivery man will make a comeback (his price added to that of the food, of course).Since energy shortages will cause unemployme
46、nt in many sectors of the economy, there will be idle hands to do the manual work that will become necessary. From an energy-saving standpoint, it would make far more sense to order by phone and have a single truck deliver food to many homes, than for a member of each home to drive an automobile, ro
47、und-trip, to pick up a one-family food supply. To be sure, it will not all be retrogression. Even assuming that Earth is in a desperate battle of survival through a crisis of still rising population and dwindling energy reserves, there should still continue to be technological advances in those directions that dont depend on wasteful bulk use of energy. There will be continuing advances in the direction of “sophistication“, in other words. （分数：1.00）(1
