1、考研英语 17及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are ne
2、eded for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- their
3、elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However,
4、a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs. Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are
5、needed for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- thei
6、r elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However
7、, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.（分数：1.00）A.eitherB.soC.norD.never二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) analyze the causes of the problem, and 3) propo
8、se possible solutions. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture, 2) analyze the causes of the problem, and 3) propose possible solutions. You should write
9、 about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development
10、 community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in North America enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on. At the same time, we in
11、 the United States have continued to pursue superaffluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the worlds people; yet we consume one-third of the worlds resources. As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own bound
12、aries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, “outsiders are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of “our“ resources and “their“ resources, but only of
13、 common resources. As Americans consuming such a disproportionate share of the worlds resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of superaffluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine the presumed link between our level
14、of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanced. But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesnt make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today
15、, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question were going to have to answer, whether were trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted t
16、o maintain our share of the world fish catch. The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the worlds resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the world. It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and
17、cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them. （分数：1.00）(1).The writer warns Americans that（分数：
18、0.20）A.their excessive consumption has caused world resource exhaustion.B.they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more goods.C.their unfair share of resources should give way to proper division.D.they have to discard their cars for the growing scarcity of oil fuels.(2).According to the
19、 text, it has long been believed that（分数：0.20）A.people in poor countries fail to enjoy a higher standard of living.B.people in underdeveloped countries are deprived of better living conditions.C.most Americans know that the worlds resources are going scarce.D.it is impractical for all the people in
20、the world to raise their living standards.(3) It can be concluded from the text that（分数：0.20）A.the U. S. will be isolated if it clings to pursuing superaffluence.B.the poor countries will no longer supply the U. S. with materials.C.the Americans should care about the well-being of other nations.D.th
21、e U. S. is to aid the poor countries in their economic growth.(4).By “common resources“ (Par. 2), the writer means that（分数：0.20）A.the U. S. resources should be enjoyed by other countries.B.Americans are entitled to consume worldwide resources.C.its hard to separate U. S. resources from those of the
22、world.D.the world resources should be used rationally by all nations(5). The writer gives the example of bread to show that the United States（分数：0.20）A.has been much richer than any other countries.B.has acquired more than what it has contributed.C.has been too greedy in its pursuit of superaffiuenc
23、e.D.has greater power to grab wealth than other nations.Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“ all too human
24、“, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The res
25、earchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services“ than males.
26、Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were pla
27、ced in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange fo
28、r her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed,
29、 the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co
30、-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous ndignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a se
31、nse of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. （分数：1.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by（分数：0.20）A.posing a contrast.B.justifyin
32、g an assumption.C.making a comparison.D.explaining a phenomenon.(2).The statement “it is all too monkey“ (Last line, Paragraph 1 ) implies that（分数：0.20）A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B.resenting unfairness is also monkeys nature.C.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D
33、.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.(3).Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are（分数：0.20）A.more inclined to weigh what they get.B.attentive to researchers instructions.C.nice in both appearance and temperament.D.more generous than their
34、 male companions.(4). Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys（分数：0.20）A.prefer grapes to cucumbers.B.can be taught to exchange things.C.will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D.are unhappy when separated from others.(5).What can we infer from the last p
35、aragraph?（分数：0.20）A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.It may seem an exaggeration to say that ambition is the lin
36、chpin of society, holding many of its different elements together, but it is not an exaggeration by much. Remove ambition and the essential elements of society seem to fly apart. Ambition, as opposed to mere fantasizing about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social
37、, of a kind society cannot survive without. Ambition is intimately connected with family, for men and women not only work partly for their families;husbands and wives are often ambitious for each other, but harbor some of their most eager ambitions for their children. Yet to have a family nowadays-w
38、ith birth control readily available, and inflation a good economic argument against having children-is nearly an expression of ambition in itself. Ambition and futurity-a sense of building for tomorrow-are inescapable. Working, saving, planning-these, the daily aspects of ambition-have always been t
39、he distinguishing marks of a rising middle class. The attack against ambition is not incidentally an attack on the middle class and what it stands for. Like it or not, the middle class has done much of societys work in America;and it, the middle class, has from the beginning run on ambition. It is n
40、ot difficult to imagine a world stripped of ambition. It would probably be a kinder world:without demands and disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the collectivity. Competition would never enter in. Conflict would be elimin
41、ated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of creation would be at an end. The family would become superfluous as a social unit, with all its former power for bringing about neurosis drained away. Longevity would be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by
42、confused endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would stretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart. We do not choose our parents, our historical epoch, the country of our birth or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing. We do not, most of us, choose to die;nor do we c
43、hoose the time or conditions of our death. But within all this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we shall live:courageously or in cowardice, honorably or dishonorably, with purpose or in drift. We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant
44、is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition
45、 is about. （分数：1.00）(1).The author holds ambition to be（分数：0.20）A.the intuition of every social member.B.the shared link between social units.C.the vital part of the social machine.D.the essential feature of social elements.(2).Ambition closely relates to family in that（分数：0.20）A.its members hold gr
46、eat expectations of each other.B.its the right place for free revelation of ambitions.C.its what people are driving and competing for.D.it serves as a shelter for concealing ambitions.(3).What distinguishes us one from another seems to be（分数：0.20）A.the keen fantasy of gaining honor and fortune.B.the
47、 determination of ones goal and way in life.C.the reflection on general indifference to ambition.D.the comprehension of the implications of ambition.(4). The middle class is attacked owing to all of the following EXCEPT that（分数：0.20）A.ambition has increasingly become its domain.B.ambition has brough
48、t about its emergence.C.its contribution to society has invited jealousy.D.its pursuit of success in life marks its existence.(5).The author believes that without ambition（分数：0.20）A.our world would be stern, calm and stable.B.our work motives would be unquestionable.C.our life would be much lighter and longer.D.our life would become still and tedious.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as“ steering the economy
