1、考研英语 713及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Historians are detectives searching out the evidence of the past in their pursuit of history. This is a challenging and frequently engaging quest 1 its own, but evidence must be turned to 2 . Primary sources that are uncovered 3 many
2、 forms that vary 4 the questions asked and the period studied, but written records are 5 historians use more than any other. The historian does not 6 evidence in the manner of courts of law, where questions of admissibility and truth versus falsehood are 7 . The historians use of evidence is much mo
3、re 8 Determining how and with what end 9 mind any piece of evidence came into existence are the first tasks 10 the historian in the internal criticism of historical sources. It is important to know, for instance, who 11 a particular census and with what instructions, or 12 a correspondent was addres
4、sing a friend or foe, colleague or opponent. For many years historians divided evidence into the two 13 of primary and secondary sources. The former were considered as any 14 or artifact from the period 15 study, the latter as descriptions or reconstructions based on primary sources. The function of
5、 the historian, it was 16 , was to convert primary sources into secondary sources. This 17 misleads. What have been called secondary sources am not historical sources at all, but 18 that reveal the historians point of view. All evidence used by the historian was a primary source at the time it was 1
6、9 and it is always partial and incomplete. Therein lies part of the 20 of history. （分数：1.00）(1).Historians are detectives searching out the evidence of the past in their pursuit of history. This is a challenging and frequently engaging quest 1 its own, but evidence must be turned to 2 . Primary sour
7、ces that are uncovered 3 many forms that vary 4 the questions asked and the period studied, but written records are 5 historians use more than any other. The historian does not 6 evidence in the manner of courts of law, where questions of admissibility and truth versus falsehood are 7 . The historia
8、ns use of evidence is much more 8 Determining how and with what end 9 mind any piece of evidence came into existence are the first tasks 10 the historian in the internal criticism of historical sources. It is important to know, for instance, who 11 a particular census and with what instructions, or
9、12 a correspondent was addressing a friend or foe, colleague or opponent. For many years historians divided evidence into the two 13 of primary and secondary sources. The former were considered as any 14 or artifact from the period 15 study, the latter as descriptions or reconstructions based on pri
10、mary sources. The function of the historian, it was 16 , was to convert primary sources into secondary sources. This 17 misleads. What have been called secondary sources am not historical sources at all, but 18 that reveal the historians point of view. All evidence used by the historian was a primar
11、y source at the time it was 19 and it is always partial and incomplete. Therein lies part of the 20 of history. （分数：0.05）A.forB.onC.byD.inA.accountB.functionC.validityD.referenceA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoA.assessB.assignC.justifyD.testifyA.prominentB.predominantC.prevalentD.proficientA.smartB.briskC.s
12、ubtleD.accurateA.ofB.inC.atD.onA.fascinatingB.facilitatingC.frontingD.facingA.forgedB.initiatedC.collectedD.conductedA.whyB.howC.whenD.whetherA.categoriesB.catalogsC.classicsD.criteriaA.fileB.eventC.recordD.documentA.presentB.undertakeC.presumeD.assumeA.duringB.underC.uponD.beforeA.maintainedB.confi
13、rmedC.emphasizedD.adheredA.diversionB.distributionC.distortionD.distinctionA.interventionsB.interpretationsC.presentationsD.comprehensionsA.exposedB.uncoveredC.generatedD.createdA.fascinationB.contradictionC.imperfectionD.implicationA.intoB.fromC.withD.about二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. 1 ) des
14、cribe the drawing, 2 ) interpret its meaning, and 3 ) support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)1 ) describe the drawing, 2 ) interpret its meaning, and 3 ) support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER
15、 SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?“ Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but mu
16、st you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?“ At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of
17、 responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin,56,who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increas
18、e to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of e
19、xpression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society,“ he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can c
20、ontrol expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat in the face of any threats.“ Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairma
21、n was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that“ music is not the cause of societys ills“ and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with s
22、tudents. But he talked as well about the“ balanced struggle“ between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally
23、supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,“ says Luce.“I think it is perhaps the case that some people as
24、sociated with the company have only recently come to realize this.“ （分数：1.00）(1).Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for _.（分数：0.25）A.its raising of the corporate stock priceB.its self-examination of soulC.its neglect of social responsibilityD.its emphasis on creative freedom(2). According to
25、 the passage, which of the following is TRUE ? _.（分数：0.25）A.Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.B.Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.C.Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.D.Steve Ross is no longer alive.(3). In face of the recent attacks on the company , the chairman _.（分数：0.25）A
26、.stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expressionB.softened his tone and adopted some new policyC.changed his attitude and yielded to objectionD.received more support from the 15-member board(4). The best title for this passage could be _.（分数：0.25）A.A Company under FireB.A Debate on Moral Dec
27、lineC.A Lawful Outlet of Street CultureD.A Form of Creative FreedomMaybe its a sign of a mature mind when some of lifes bigger questions-about love, faith, ambition-suddenly seem more manageable than smaller ones, such as:Why did I just open the refrigerator? Where on earth did I put my keys? Where
28、did I write down that phone number? Our capacity for storing and recalling information does not stream down like sand through an hourglass, as neurologists once believed. On the contrary, new research suggests that, when stimulated in the right way, brains of almost any age can give birth to cells a
29、nd forge fresh pathways to file away new information. This emerging picture has not only encouraged those who treat and care for the 5% of older adults who have dementia (痴呆症) such as Alzheimers disease, but also generated a wave of optimism among those studying memory changes in the other 95%, as w
30、ell as an increasing public fascination with “memory enhancement“ dietary supplements, books and brain-improving techniques. The slight failures of memory that many of us attribute to a failing brain are often due to something entirely different: anxiety, sleep problems, depression, even heart disea
31、se. The biological nuts and bolts of learning and memory in fact change little over time in healthy people, researchers say. “Theres very little cell loss, and structurally all the machinery is there, even very late in life,“ said a neuroscientist Greg Cole. Its the cells speed and ability to send a
32、nd receive signals that diminish gradually, which is what makes the mind go blank when trying to recall familiar words and names. For more than a decade, researchers have known that people who have active, intellectually challenging lives are less likely to develop dementia than those who do not. Pa
33、rt of this difference is attributable to intelligence, some doctors believe:The more you start with, the longer it takes to lose it. And new evidence suggests that the act of using your brain is in itself protective, no matter who you are. All of the activities, such as reading newspapers, watching
34、TV, playing games, etc. canimprove peoples scores on standard tests measuring recall of numbers and names, experts say. They also acknowledge, however, that there is a big difference between playing chess with a friend and doing a mental exercise, such as memorizing numbers. One is an organic part o
35、f a persons life, the other a purely intellectual exercise, done in isolation. The first is fun; the second, often, is a tiring task. （分数：1.00）(1). According to the text,adult persons usually（分数：0.20）A.stress the settlement of bigger problems.B.focus their attention on great issues.C.overlook recoll
36、ection of trivial things.D.suffer memory decline related to age.(2). According to new research, its distinct that（分数：0.20）A.our brain cells can be producible.B.our memory may be renewable.C.most mental illnesses are curable.D.brain-mending methods are available.(3). Experts suggest that the best way
37、 to avoid memory failures is（分数：0.20）A.to take more dietary supplements.B.to keep mental function alive.C.to find an intellectual occupation.D.to do more intellectual exercises.(4).The phrase “nuts and bolts“ in Par. 3 most probably means（分数：0.20）A.basic structures.B.complex tasks.C.practical aspect
38、s.D.working parts.(5).As asserted by researchers, our inability to memorize words or names mainly（分数：0.20）A.results from the declining efficiency of brain cells.B.results in the brains liability to radical influence.C.consists of different mental disorders.D.consists in various emotional problems.We
39、 have to realise how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as “aged“ when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in
40、 Northwestern Europe. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be- at least, for any future that concerns us now. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of the
41、m only recently recognised. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio- the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can-is more advanta
42、geous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. If “r
43、evolution“ is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Tak
44、en together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances had a leading position at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because th
45、e birth rate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living th
46、an any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it. If you are in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live
47、nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. （分数：1.00）(1).According to the text, really aged societies may include（分数：0.20）A.all developed nations without exception.B.every
48、one of Western European countries.C.Germany, France, and the United Kingdom.D.Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.(2).The author argues that the main cause of aged societies is（分数：0.20）A.not so much the decrease in deathrate as the fall in birthrate.B.no more the increase in birthrate than th
49、at in deathrate.C.not the drop in deathrate any more than the rise in birthrate.D.as much the growth in birthrate as the decline in deathrate.(3).The author asserts his belief that（分数：0.20）A.the growth in number of the old is liable for the fall in that of the young.B.the unusual statement about the main cause of aged societies is quite valid.C.the greater dependency of babies is subject to
