1、考研英语 88及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restorat
2、ive function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known t
3、hat total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism a
4、gainst diseaseshad crashed. Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. -|_|- kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is -|_|- to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose
5、 of non-REM sleep is even more -|_|- . The new experiments, such as those -|_|- for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations -|_|-of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep -|_|-is 100 percent fa
6、tal to rats, yet, -|_|-examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now -|_|- the mystery of why the animals die. The rats -|_|- bacterial infections of the blood, -|_|- their immune systems the self-protecting mechanism against diseaseshad crashed. （分数：1.00）A
7、.EitherB.NeitherC.EachD.Any二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Outline: 1 ) importance of good health 2 ) ways to keep fit 3 ) my own practices Outline: 1 ) importance of good health 2 ) ways to keep fit 3 ) my own practices （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)We sometimes hear that essays are a
8、n old-fashioned form. that so-and-so is the “last essayist“, but the facts of the marketplace argue quite otherwise. Essays of nearly any kind are so much easier than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, its strange that though two fine anthologies (collections)remain that pub
9、lish the years best stories, no comparable collection exists for essays. Such changes in the reading publics taste arent always to the good, needless to say. The art of telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find ourselves living in caves again, it (with painting and dru
10、mming)will be the only art left, after movies, novels, photography, essays ,biography, and all the rest have gone down the drainthe art to build from. Essays, however, hang somewhere on a line between two sturdy poles: this is what I think, and this is what I am. Autobiographies which arent novels a
11、re generally extended essays, indeed. A personal essay is like the human voice talking, its order being the minds natural flow, instead of a systematized outline of ideas. Though more changeable or informal than an article or treatise, somewhere it contains a point which is its real center, even if
12、the point couldnt be uttered in fewer words than the essayist has used. Essays dont usually boil down to a summary, as articles do, and the style of the writer has a “nap“ to it, a combination of personality and originality and energetic loose ends that stand up like the nap( 绒毛)on a piece of wool a
13、nd cant be brushed flat. Essays belong to the animal kingdom, with a surface that generates sparks, like a coat of fur, compared with the flat, conventional cotton of the magazine article writer, who works in the vegetable kingdom, instead. But, essays, on the other hand, may have fewer “levels“ tha
14、n fiction, because we are not supposed to argue much about their meaning. In the old distinction between teaching and storytelling, the essayist, however cleverly he tries to conceal his intentions, is a bit of a teacher or reformer, and an essay is intended to convey the same point to each of us. A
15、n essayist doesnt have to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth; he can shape or shave his memories, as long as the purpose is served of explaining a truthful point. A personal essay frequently is not autobiographical at alt, but what it does keep in common with autobiography is that, throu
16、gh its tone and tumbling progression, it conveys the quality of the authors mind. Nothing gets in the way. Because essays are directly concerned with the mind and the minds peculiarity, the very freedom the mind possesses is conferred on this branch of literature that does honor to it, and the fasci
17、nation of the mind is the fascination of the essay. （分数：1.00）(1).The author asserts that the changes in readers taste（分数：0.20）A.contribute to the incompatibility of essays with stories.B.often result in unfavorable effect, to say the least.C.sometimes come to something undesirable, of course.D.usual
18、ly bring about beneficial outcome, so to say.(2). The author suggests that if the Stone Age should come up again（分数：0.20）A.the art of essay-writing would lose its foundation.B.the art and literature would most totally vanish.C.the art of story-telling would remain in caves alone.D.the life of art wo
19、uld be thoroughly drained away.(3). The essayists main task seems to be（分数：0.20）A.the implied revelation and description of the truth.B.the free depiction and modification of their memories.C.the frank confession of what is concealed in their mind.D.the communication of their striking thoughts to re
20、aders.(4).Essays are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT（分数：0.20）A.careful arrangement and organization of chief ideas.B.remarkable concision and meaningful presentation.C.improbable condensation to any shorter accounts.D.flashes of wit and enlightenment of argumentation.(5).What chiefly di
21、stinguishes essays from articles may be in（分数：0.20）A.the different amount of words used in representation.B.the acute sensibility and keen insight of essayists.C.the distinction between animal and vegetable worlds.D.the variation of arguments about their meanings.Over the past century, all kinds of
22、unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive, alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long
23、been known that a taxi finn called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a susp
24、iciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush s predecessors ( including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet again
25、st just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of
26、the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early
27、. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short -sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time t
28、he alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their
29、awards first; by the time they reach file Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. （分数：1.0
30、0）(1). What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?（分数：0.20）A.A kind of overlooked inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（分数：0.20）A.In both East and We
31、st, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that（分数：0.20）A.questions are often put to the more intellige
32、nt students.B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class.C.teachers should pay attention to all of their students.D.students should be seated according to their eyesight.(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ ( Line 2, Paragraph 5 ) .?（分数：0.20）A.
33、They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：0.20）A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal
34、from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Financial engineers dont wear white lab coats. They dont experiment on rats or perform gas chromatography(气相层析). Their raw material-money-isnt as showy a
35、s what biologists and physicists investigate. But the innovations they produce will contribute just as much to economic growth. Maybe more, in fact, because without the science of finance, all other sciences are just a bunch of neat concepts. Ideas begin to tribute to human betterment when theyre fi
36、nanced-by venture capital, stock offerings, loans, or buyouts. A smoothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. Equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired companies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsewhere. In the 21st century economy, innova
37、tion in finance will increase in concert with the increase in competition. Partly because of deregulation and globalization, competition should get tougher, and margins thinner. As products such as home mortgage loans become commoditized, financial- service companies will be forced to get more creat
38、ive. Financial technology will keep feeding off information technology. The secret to success will be a strong software platform, which will lower the cost of general services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well. A few companies that get it right can spin away from the
39、rest and become stronger and stronger. In the new world of finance, size counts. Big companies enjoy economies of scale and name recognition, and they can be safer because their bets are spread across more regions and market segments. The value of U. S. bank mergers in the first half of 1998 was gre
40、ater than that of the three previous years combined. The mergers are occurring across industries as well. At the other extreme will be specialists that survive by doing one thing either very cheaply or exceptionally well. By offering lower prices or better service, specialists will discipline the fi
41、nancial supermarkets; the big guys know their customers can walk away if they get a raw deal. “There is no way we are going to maximize a short-term transactional benefit at the risk of destroying a long-term relationship,“ says Chase Manhattan Corp. Vice-Chairman Joseph G. Sponholz. Predictably, th
42、e biggest winners from financial innovation will be companies, and families that have complex finances. Banks already show signs of losing interest in people who want just plain checking accounts. But as incomes and wealth rise, more people will find themselves thrust into the role of asset managers
43、. Businesses, too, will have to become more sophisticated-if only to keep pace with financially innovative rivals. （分数：1.00）(1) In comparison with natural scientists, financial engineers（分数：0.20）A.may give even greater impetus to social development.B.can show more attention-getting features of their
44、 work.C.are more likely to make full use of their raw material.D.will produce as many innovations to advance economy.(2).In the absence of financial support, all scientific concepts（分数：0.20）A.would remain groups of merely impractical thoughts.B.could barely benefit the improvement of peoples life.C.
45、should hardly lose venture capital and bank loans.D.might become tired ideas that cannot be implemented.(3).Companies or families may fail in financing if they（分数：0.20）A.defy unfair deals with customers.B.bank simply for interestC.put all their eggs in one basket.D.put all their eggs in one basket.(
46、4). In the current century, financial companies will（分数：0.20）A.take great pains to counter any other rival business firms.B.repel deregulation and globalization of financial service.C.employ information technology to make more profits.D.nvest in IT industry to create advanced software.(5).The startl
47、ing growth of bank mergers indicates that（分数：0.20）A.scale is of vital importance to the survival of financial systems.B.financial-service companies need to turn out creative products.C.demand for investment of capital is becoming greater and greater.D.big companies want to risk their money on more t
48、han one result.Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people dont know where they
