1、考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：4，分数：160.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th ce
2、ntury and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened【B1】_. As was discussed before, it was not【B2】_the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic【B3】_, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the【B4】_of the periodical. It
3、 was during the same time that the communications revolution【B5】_up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading【B6】_through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures【B7】_the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in【B8】_. It is im
4、portant to do so. It is generally recognized,【B9】_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,【B10】_by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process,【B11】_its impact on the media was not immediately【B12】_. As time went by, computers bec
5、ame smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as【B13】_, with display becoming sharper and storage【B14】_increasing. They were thought of, like people,【B15】_generations, with the distance between generations much【B16】_. It was within the computer age that the term “information
6、 society“ began to be widely used to describe the【B17】_within which we now live. The communications revolution has【B18】_both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been【B19】_views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits
7、“ have been weighed【B20】_“harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.later(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.afterB.byC.duringD.until(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measure(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.processB.companyC.lightD.form(5).【B5】（分数：2.0
8、0）A.gatheredB.speededC.workedD.picked(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.onB.outC.overD.off(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.forC.beyondD.into(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.conceptB.dimensionC.effectD.perspective(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.indeedB.henceC.howeverD.therefore(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.broughtB.followedC.stimulatedD.characterized(11).【B11】（
9、分数：2.00）A.unlessB.sinceC.lestD.although(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.apparentB.desirableC.negativeD.plausible(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.institutionalB.universalC.fundamentalD.instrumental(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.faculty(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.by means ofB.in terms ofC.with regard toD.in lin
10、e with(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.deeperB.fewerC.nearerD.smaller(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.contextB.rangeC.scopeD.territory(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.regardedB.impressedC.influencedD.effected(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.competitiveB.controversialC.distractingD.irrational(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.uponC.againstD.withBy 1830 t
11、he former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million【B1】_of these nations looked【B2】_to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism, many of the leaders of independence【B3】_the ideals of representative government, careers【B4】_t
12、o talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the【B5】_to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 【B6】_there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a【B7】_set of laws. On the is
13、sue of【B8】_of religion and the position of the Church, 【B9】_, there was less agreement【B10】_the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one【B11】_by the Spanish Crown.【B12】_most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism【B13】_the official religion of the new states, some so
14、ught to end the【B14】_of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying【B15】_for the conservative forces. The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had【B16】_in return to abolish slavery in
15、 the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains【B17】_colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much【B18】_because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies【B19】_. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered
16、 by fears that the mass of the population was【B20】_self-rule and democracy.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.nativesB.inhabitantsC.peoplesD.individuals(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.confusedlyB.cheerfullyC.worriedlyD.hopefully(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.sharedB.forgotC.attainedD.rejected(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.relatedB.closeC.ope
17、nD.devoted(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.accessB.successionC.rightD.return(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.PresumablyB.IncidentallyC.ObviouslyD.Generally(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.uniqueB.commonC.particularD.typical(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.freedomB.originC.impactD.reform(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.howeverC.indeedD.moreover(10).【B10】（分数：
18、2.00）A.withB.aboutC.amongD.by(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.allowedB.preachedC.grantedD.funded(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.SinceB.IfC.UnlessD.While(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.asB.forC.underD.against(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.interferenceC.exclusionD.influence(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.supportB.cryC.pleaD.wish(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）
19、A.urgedB.intendedC.expectedD.promised(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.controllingB.formerC.remainingD.original(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.slowerB.fasterC.easierD.tougher(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.createdB.producedC.contributedD.preferred(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.puzzled byB.hostile toC.pessimistic aboutD.unprepared forTeachers n
20、eed to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious【B1】_to how they can best【B2】_such changes. Growing bodies need movement and【B3】_, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.【B4】_they are adjusting to their new
21、 bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the【B5】_that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are【B6】_by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competitio
22、n that it would be【B7】_to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,【B8】_, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,【B9】_student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide【B10】_opportunities for leadership, as well as fo
23、r practice in successful【B11】_dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the【B12】_of some kind of organization with a supportive adult【B13】_visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have【B14】_attenti
24、on spans. A variety of activities should be organized【B15】_participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to【B16】_else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants【B17】_. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.【B18】_, they can help studen
25、ts acquire a sense of commitment by【B19】_for roles that are within their【B20】_and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.advice(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.careB.nutritionC.exer
26、ciseD.leisure(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.Because(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.in effectB.as a resultC.for exampleD.in a sense(9).【B9】（
27、分数：2.00）A.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchanging(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.durableB.excessiveC.surplusD.multiple(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporation(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.security(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.particularlyB.barelyC.definitelyD.rarely(14).
28、【B14】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.longC.differentD.short(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.if onlyB.now thatC.so thatD.even if(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.offB.downC.outD.alone(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.On the contraryB.On the averageC.On the wholeD.On the other hand(19).【B19
29、】（分数：2.00）A.makingB.standingC.planningD.taking(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.capabilityB.responsibilityC.proficiencyD.efficiency考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 4答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：4，分数：160.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each number
30、ed blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened【B1】_. As was discussed before, it was not【B2】_the 19th century that the newspaper became t
31、he dominant pre-electronic【B3】_, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the【B4】_of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution【B5】_up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading【B6】_through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion
32、pictures【B7】_the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in【B8】_. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized,【B9】_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,【B10】_by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960
33、s, radically changed the process,【B11】_its impact on the media was not immediately【B12】_. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as【B13】_, with display becoming sharper and storage【B14】_increasing. They were thought of, like people,【B15】_
34、generations, with the distance between generations much【B16】_. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the【B17】_within which we now live. The communications revolution has【B18】_both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about p
35、lace and time, but there have been【B19】_views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed【B20】_“harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.between B.beforeC.sinceD.later解析：解析：考查语篇理解。根据文章首句可知，文章讲的是在 20世纪和
36、 15、16 世纪两个阶段之间发生的事情，其实从下文中的 the 19th century也可以推断出正确答案是 Abetween。before“在之前”，since“自从”，later“后来，稍后”，均与题意不符。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.afterB.byC.duringD.until 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。空格所在的句子是一个强调句型：it was+时间状语+that。四个选项中能与not搭配的只有 until，故选 D，not until 表示“直到才”，整个句意是“直到 19世纪，报纸才成为电子时代到来前主要的”。其他选项均不构成强调句型。(3).【B3】（分数：2.
37、00）A.meansB.methodC.medium D.measure解析：解析：考查名词辨析。句子主语是 newspaper，句意为“报纸继宣传册和书之后成为电子时代到来前主要的_”。从句意来看，空格处填入的名词应概括 newspaper，pamphlet 和 book的共同特点，根据常识，报纸、宣传册和图书都只能是传播信息的媒介(medium)，因此选 C。means“手段，工具”；method“方法”；measure“手段，策略”，均不符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.processB.company C.lightD.form解析：解析：考查介词短语辨析和语篇理解。此处
38、由 and连接两个并列成分，前面是 in the wake of the pamphlet and the book，后面是 in the_of the periodical。可见选项处应填入与 in the wake of(随着，紧跟)意义相似的词，故选 Bcompany。in the process“在过程中”，in the light of“根据，按照”，in the form of“以的形式”，均与题意不符。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.gatheredB.speeded C.workedD.picked解析：解析：考查动词辨析。选项处主语是 communications re
39、volution。根据语义，speeded up“加速”，表示“通信革命加速发展”，符合语境，因此选 Bspeeded。gather up“收集，概括”，work up“逐步建立，逐步发展”，pick up“捡起，获得”，均与题意不符。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.on B.outC.overD.off解析：解析：考查副词辨析。从结构上看，空格所在部分中的 beginning with和 leading都是现在分词状语成分，说明通信革命是怎样加速发展的：先从运输和铁路开始，紧接着是电报、电话、收音机和电影，直到 20世纪汽车和飞机的出现。四个选项只有副词 on可以表示“继续，向前”的含
40、义，用在句子中强调“电报、电话、收音机和电影行业推动通信革命的继续发展”。其他 out，over，off 均不符题意。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.forC.beyondD.into 解析：解析：考查介词辨析。根据上一题的分析，句子空格处需要一个介词，和前面的 begin with，lead on through 一起来表达通信革命发展的全过程。选项中只有 into符合，而且它和前面的leading相呼应，表达“进入 20世纪的汽车和飞机时代”。其他 of，for，beyond 均不符题意。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.conceptB.dimensionC.effec
41、tD.perspective 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。本句意为“并不是每个人都_地看待这个过程”，根据题意只能选Dperspective，in perspective 意为“正确地”。in concept“在概念上”、in dimension“在维度上”和 in effect“实际上”均不符合题意。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.indeedB.henceC.however D.therefore解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。第一段主要论述在 15、16 世纪和 20世纪之间发生了很多事情，如：报纸等媒介的出现和通信革命的发展。第二段则提出“计算机的出现极大地改变了这个进程”，可以判断这里
42、的逻辑关系为转折。因此选 Chowever，表转折。indeed“事实上”，hence“因此”，therefore“因此”，均不符合题意。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.broughtB.followed C.stimulatedD.characterized解析：解析：考查动词辨析。分析文章，可知主语“计算机在 20世纪早期问世”和插入成分“集成电路在 20世纪 60年代发明”之间是时间先后关系。因此只能选 Bfollowed，表示计算机的发明早于集成电路的发明。brought“带来”；stimulated“刺激”；characterized“具有的特征”，都可视为颠倒了时间先后的
43、关系。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.unlessB.sinceC.lestD.although 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前文提到，计算机的出现大大改变了这种进程，下文又说它对媒体的影响没有立即见效。显然，前后句是让步关系，意为“极大地改变了这一进程，虽然对媒体的影响并没有立即见效。”因此选 Dalthough“虽然”。unless“除非”，since“自从”，lest“以免”，均不符合题意。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.apparent B.desirableC.negativeD.plausible解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。根据上下文可知虽然计算机的影响很大，
44、但它刚出现时应该没有像现在这样得到这么广泛的使用，因此它对媒体的影响不是立刻就很明显的(apparent)，选 A。desirable“令人满意的”；negative“否定的，消极的”；plausible“貌似可信的”；均与题意不符。(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.institutional B.universalC.fundamentalD.instrumental解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。从结构上来看，空格所在句子中的代词 they指代前面的 computers，逗号后的 and连接了两个并列句子，即上句的 smaller and more powerful与下文的 perso
45、nal as well as相对应。上句的 smaller和 powerful在含义上有转折，意为“虽然越来越小却越来越强”，因此空格所填入的词也应与 personal相对照，只能选 Ainstitutional，意为“电脑不再仅仅是团体而且也成了个人使用的工具”。universal“普遍的”；fundamental“根本的，本质上的”：instrumental“仪器的”：均与题意不符。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.abilityB.capabilityC.capacity D.faculty解析：解析：考查名词辨析。本句意为“计算机也成了个人工具，是随着其显示效果越来越清晰和存储
46、的提高”，因此空格和 storage搭配后应指“(计算机的)存储能力”。四个选项都可以表示“能力”，但只有 capacity可以指承受力或容纳力，和 storage是固定搭配，表“存储能力”，因此选 C。其他三项一般用于人。ability 指去做某件事情的能力(精神的或生理的)，capability 强调生长、发展或成功的一种潜能，faculty 指内在的、天生的力量或能力。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.by means ofB.in terms of C.with regard toD.in line with解析：解析：考查介词短语辨析。本句意为“计算机与人一样，都可以_代(g
47、enerations)来划分”，因此选 Bin terms of“依据，按照”。by means of“用某种方式或手段”，with regard to“关于，至于”；in line with“符合，与一致”；均与题意不符。(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.deeperB.fewerC.nearerD.smaller 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析及语境分析。根据文章判断，计算机代与代之间的距离应是变小，即更新换代的速度加快，因此答案选 Dsmaller。英文中不能用 near形容 distance来表达“距离近”，而只用small或 big这类的词来形容距离的远近。deeper 也不能形容距离。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.context B.rangeC.scopeD.territory解析：解析：考查名词辨析。本句意为：正是在这个计算机时代，“信息社会”开始被广泛用来描述我们现在所生活的_。因此需选择与 society属同一语义范畴的词，只有 A项适合。context“语境”，在此引申为“社会环境”。range，scope 都表示“范围”，属于平面概念；territory“领土”，均与题意不符。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.regardedB.impressedC.
