1、考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷 42 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because priv
2、ately owned business play【B1】_ roles. The American free enterprise system【B2】_private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce 【B3】_ goods and services, 【B4】_almost two-thirds of the nation s total economic output goes to 【B5】_ for personal use. The consumer role is 【B6】_ great
3、, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “【B7】_economy“. This emphasis 【B8】_ private ownership arises,【B9】_, from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was【B10】_, Americans have【B11】_excessive government power, and they have sought to【B12】_governm
4、ents authority over individualsincluding its role in the economic realm. 【B13】_Americans generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more【B14】_than【B15】_with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and
5、 demand【B16】_the prices of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods【B17】_. That catches the attention of new or other companies that,【B18】_an opportunity to earn profits, start
6、producing more【B19】_that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing【B20】_goods.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.insignificantB.importantC.magnificentD.respected(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.emphasizesB.praisesC
7、.evaluatesD.compares(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.majorB.minorC.mostD.less(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.butC.althoughD.and(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.governmentB.businessC.individualsD.families(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.suchB.soC.veryD.extremely(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.marketB.peopleC.consumerD.plan(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.onB.inC.withD.at(9)
8、.【B9】（分数：2.00）A.in effectB.in the light ofC.in shortD.in part(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.inventedB.forgedC.manufacturedD.created(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.exterminatedB.scaredC.appreciatedD.feared(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.expandB.developC.limitD.destroy(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.AdditionallyD.Similar
9、ly(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.powerfullyB.efficientlyC.sufficientlyD.fundamentally(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.thoseB.theseC.itD.one(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.orderB.illustrateC.manifestD.determine(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.fallsB.raisesC.risesD.climbs(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.neglectingB.overcomingC.feelingD.sensing(19).【B19】（分数：
10、2.00）A.thanB.ofC.offD.on(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.differentB.betterC.qualifiedD.authenticAmtrakthe largest railway company in the U.S.was experiencing a downswing in ridership.【B1】_major concerns to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes 【B2】_ ridership had b
11、een declining【B3】_. At one time, trains were the only practical way to 【B4】_ the vast areas of the west. Trains were faster, luxurious, and quite convenient 【B5】_ to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America s standard of convenience.
12、 Also, air travel had easily【B6】_itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances.【B7】_, the task for DDB Needham was to【B8】_consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to 【B9】_ their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered【B10】_travel in the w
13、est. Two portions of the total market were targeted: anxious fliersthose concerned with【B11】_, and travel-loversthose【B12】_themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of【B13】_vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel【B14】_such as freedom
14、, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It【B15】_experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that【B16】_be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and e
15、mphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed among【B17】_oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most【B18】_reach target audiences. Results were【B19】_. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad.
16、 enjoyed a 15 percent【B20】_in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.TheB.WithC.OfD.In(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whose(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.fundamentallyB.unnoticeablyC.significantlyD.importantly(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.moveB.crossC.penetrateD.escape(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）
17、A.turnedB.shownC.comparedD.recommended(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.establishedB.regardedC.claimedD.set(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Whereas(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.induceB.discourageC.encourageD.stimulate(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.strengthenB.scoldC.changeD.transfer(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.forB.atC.withD.as(
18、11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.safetyB.timeC.spaceD.cost(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.makingB.consideringC.viewingD.adjusting(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.their sB.themselvesC.one sD.their(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.experimentsB.experiencesC.habitsD.attitudes(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.stressedB.overlookedC.involvedD.indicated(16).【B16】（分数：2
19、.00）A.willB.shallC.shouldD.could(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.businessB.governmentC.familyD.children(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.effectivelyB.quicklyC.unquestionablyD.sufficiently(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.uselessB.impressiveC.uncountableD.unseen(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.changeB.lossC.increaseD.expansion考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷 42 答案解析
20、(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately owned business
21、play【B1】_ roles. The American free enterprise system【B2】_private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce 【B3】_ goods and services, 【B4】_almost two-thirds of the nation s total economic output goes to 【B5】_ for personal use. The consumer role is 【B6】_ great, in fact, that the n
22、ation is sometimes characterized as having a “【B7】_economy“. This emphasis 【B8】_ private ownership arises,【B9】_, from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was【B10】_, Americans have【B11】_excessive government power, and they have sought to【B12】_governments authority over i
23、ndividualsincluding its role in the economic realm. 【B13】_Americans generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more【B14】_than【B15】_with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand【B16】_the pric
24、es of goods and services. Prices, in turn, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods【B17】_. That catches the attention of new or other companies that,【B18】_an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more【B19】_t
25、hat goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing【B20】_goods.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.insignificantB.important C.magnificentD.respected解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：人们普遍认为美国是私有制经济，因为私营经济发挥了_作用。Bimporta
26、nt“重要的”，符合句意，为正确选项。insignificant“无关紧要的”；magnificent“宏大的，庄严的”；respected“令人尊重的”，均不符合题意。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.emphasizes B.praisesC.evaluatesD.compares解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：美国的自由企业制度更加_私有产权，而不是公有产权。Aemphasizes“侧重，强调”，符合句意，为正确选项。praise“表扬”；evaluate“评估”；compare“比较”，均不符合题意。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.majorB.minorC.mo
27、st D.less解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：私有产业提供了_的商品和服务。根据文章主线可以推知，空格处应该表示“(数量上的)大部分”，因此 Cmost“大部分”符合句意，为正确选项。其他选项均不符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.butC.althoughD.and 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前阐述：私有经济提供了大多数的产品和服务：空格后阐述：几乎三分之二的国家产出是与个人消费有关的。显然前后是并列关系，故 Dand 符合文意，为正确选项。其他三项均不符合题意。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.governmentB.businessC.
28、individuals D.families解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格所在句子的“personal”为本题提供了线索，对应分析，空格处则应为Cindividuals“个人”。其他三项均不符合题意。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.suchB.so C.veryD.extremely解析：解析：考查语篇理解。sothat 意为“如此以至于”，故答案为 Bso。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.marketB.peopleC.consumer D.plan解析：解析：考查语篇理解。空格处所在句意为：消费者的角色是如此的重要，以至于美国经济有时被称作“_经济”。Cconsumer“消费者
29、”，符合句意，为最佳选项，代入文中，表示“消费者经济”。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.on B.inC.withD.at解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。emphasis on意为“对的侧重”，故答案为 Aon。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.in effectB.in the light ofC.in shortD.in part 解析：解析：考查介词短语辨析。in effect“起作用，生效”；in the light of“根据，考虑到”；in short“简言之”；in part“部分地”。根据本句“arises from(起因于，产生于)”可以推知空格后内容为原因部分。Din
30、part 代入文中，表示“这种对私有产权的重视一部分来源于美国人对个人自由的信仰”，符合语境，因此正确答案为 D。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.inventedB.forgedC.manufacturedD.created 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：从这个国家_之初。Dcreated“创立”，符合句意，为正确选项。invent“发明，创造”；forge“锻造，伪造”；manufacture“制造”，均不符合题意。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.exterminatedB.scaredC.appreciatedD.feared 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空
31、格处所在句意为：自美国建立之初，美国人就_政府权力过大。根据本文主线，可以推知，信仰自由的美国人应该是对此表示“担忧”，而不是“终结(exterminate)”“使别人害怕(scare)”、“感激(appreciate)”，故答案为 Dfeared，意为“害怕，担忧”。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.expandB.developC.limit D.destroy解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：自美国建立之初，美国人就担忧政府权力过大，他们就寻求_政府对个人的权力包括政府在经济领域所起的作用。Climit“限制”，符合句意，为正确答案。expand“扩大”；develop
32、“发展”；destroy“毁灭”，均不符合题意。(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.Additionally D.Similarly解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前阐述：美国人对个人自由的信仰以及对政府权力的担忧；空格后阐述：美国人依旧相信私有经济。据此推知，上下文为递进关系。故 CAdditionally 为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.powerfullyB.efficiently C.sufficientlyD.fundamentally解析：解析：考查副词辨析。空格处所在的句子意在表达“美国
33、人将私有产权构成的经济体与公有产权构成的经济体进行比较”，又因文章主线在表达私有产权经济优于公有产权经济。powerfully“有力地”；efficiently“有效率地”；sufficiently“足够地”；fundamentally“根本地”。operate 意为“运营”，因此 Befficiently 为最佳选项。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.thoseB.theseC.itD.one 解析：解析：考查语篇理解。根据语境可知，空格处代词指代的名词应为“an economy”，因此答案为Done。(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.orderB.illustrateC.m
34、anifestD.determine 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句子意为：美国人相信，当经济动力没有受到束缚的时候，需求和供给_决定商品和服务的价格。Ddetermine“决定”，符合文意，为正确选项。order“命令，预订”；illustrate“表明，说明”；manifest“表明”，均不符合题意。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.fallsB.raisesC.rises D.climbs解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：价格反过来指示企业生产什么。如果人们对某种商品的需求量超过经济的生产量，这种商品的价格就会_。显然，Crises“上涨”符合题意，为正确答案。
35、fall“下降”；climb“爬升”与 raise“上涨”均为及物动词，三项均不符合题意。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.neglectingB.overcomingC.feelingD.sensing 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。四个选项均为动词的现在分词形式。空格处所在句意为：这就引起了新的或者其他企业的注意，_赚钱的机会，就会生产更多这种商品。根据语境，很容易排除neglecting“忽视，忽略”与 overcoming“克服，战胜”。sensing 与 feeling 都有“感受到”的意思，sense 还可以用来描述对事物的敏感，更符合语境，故答案为 Dsensing。(19)
36、.【B19】（分数：2.00）A.thanB.of C.offD.on解析：解析：考查介词用法。more of that goods 表示“更多的那种商品”，表示一种所属关系，符合题意，因此答案为 Bof。(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.different B.betterC.qualifiedD.authentic解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：另一方面，如果人们对某种商品的需求量下降，价格就会下降，那些不具有竞争力的企业要么破产，要么转而生产_商品。根据语境可知，Adifferent“不同的”符合题意。Amtrakthe largest railway compan
37、y in the U.S.was experiencing a downswing in ridership.【B1】_major concerns to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes 【B2】_ ridership had been declining【B3】_. At one time, trains were the only practical way to 【B4】_ the vast areas of the west. Trains were
38、 faster, luxurious, and quite convenient 【B5】_ to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became America s standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily【B6】_itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances.【B7】_, the task for DDB N
39、eedham was to【B8】_consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to 【B9】_ their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered【B10】_travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: anxious fliersthose concerned with【B11】_, and travel-loversthos
40、e【B12】_themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of【B13】_vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel【B14】_such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It【B15】_experiences gained by using the trains an
41、d portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that【B16】_be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed amon
42、g【B17】_oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most【B18】_reach target audiences. Results were【B19】_. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad. enjoyed a 15 percent【B20】_in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.TheB.WithC.Of D.I
43、n解析：解析：考查介词辨析。空格处所在句子是一个倒装结构。COf 意为“在之中”，代入句中，表示“在主要的担忧之中”，即“主要的担忧之一”，符合语境。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.where B.whichC.thatD.whose解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前的信息为：长距离的西部线路；空格后的信息为：乘客数量持续下降。据此推知，“长距离的西部线路”是发生此事的地点。因此答案为 Awhere。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.fundamentallyB.unnoticeablyC.significantly D.importantly解析：解析：考查副词辨析。空格处所在句意为
44、:主要的担忧之一就是其长距离的西部线路上乘客数量的_下滑。Csignificantly“显著地，明显地”，符合文意，为正确选项。fundamentally“根本地，本质地”；unnoticeably“未被注意地”；importantly“重要地”，均不符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.moveB.cross C.penetrateD.escape解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：火车曾经是_广袤的西部大地的唯一交通方式。根据语境可知，空格处应表达“穿越，越过”之意，Bcross“越过，穿越”，符合题意，为正确答案。move“移动”；penetrate“穿透，渗透”；es
45、cape“逃离”，均不符合题意。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.turnedB.shownC.compared D.recommended解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：与当时的其他交通工具_，火车速度快、非常豪华，并且十分方便。根据语境可知，此处存在着比较关系。因此 Ccompared“与相比”符合句意，为正确答案。其他选项均不符合题意。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.established B.regardedC.claimedD.set解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：飞机_长距离旅行最快捷的方式。空格前一句有相对应的描述：the automobile
46、became Americans standard of convenience空格处所填动词与“became”形成对应关系。Aestablished“建立成”，符合语境，为正确选项。regarded“看做，认为”；claimed“声称，宣称”；set“设定”，均表示主观动作，均不符合题意。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.Therefore C.MoreoverD.Whereas解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前阐述：汽车和飞机成了方便而快捷的交通工具；空格后阐述：DDBNeedham 的任务就是让消费者认识到坐火车旅行的其他好处。据此推知，前后为因果关系，因此BTher
47、efore“因此”符合文意，为正确答案。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.induce B.discourageC.encourageD.stimulate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：DDB Needham 的任务就是_消费者认识到坐火车旅行的其他优势以便_他们的态度。Ainduce“劝导，诱导”，符合语境。discourage“阻止，劝阻”，语义不符；encourage“鼓励”，因为动作的主语为广告公司，宾语为消费者，所以相比较而言，induce 会更好；stimulate“刺激”，语义不符。故选 Ainduce。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.strengthenB.scoldC.change D.transfer解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：DDB Needham 的任务就是消费者认识到坐火车旅行的其他优势以便_他们的态度。根据语境可知，此处应表示“改变”消费者的态度。因此 Cchange“改变”符合语境，为正确选项。st
