1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 75 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo includ
2、ed nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the lunar surface“s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been【C1】_by moon dust. Lunar dust is fine, like a powder,
3、【C2】_it cuts like glass. It“s formed when shooting stars【C3】_on the moon“s surface, heating its rocks and dirt and reducing them to fine particles. Since there“s no wind or water to smooth【C4】_edges, the tiny grains are sharp and uneven, and【C5】_nearly everything. “The intruding【C6】_of lunar dust re
4、presents a more challenging engineering design issue, as well as a【C7】_issue for settlers, than does radiation,“ wrote Harrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, “Return to the Moon.“ The dust damaged space-suits and ate away layers of moon boots. Over the【C8】_of six Apollo missions
5、, not one rock box【C9】_its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing【C10】_. No one knows precisely what the extremely small particles do to human lungs. The dust not only【C11】_the moon“s surface, but float
6、s up to sixty miles【C12】_itas an outer part of its atmosphere, where particles【C13】_the moon by gravity, but are so thin that they【C14】_collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cerna
7、n, while orbiting the moon, recorded a【C15】_phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night. Cernan【C16】_a series of pictures illustrating the changing【C17】_; streams of particles popped【C18】_the ground and hovered, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts“ orbiter
8、approached daylight. Since there“s no wind to form and【C19】_the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It“s【C20】_that they“re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.destroyedB.stainedC.changedD.consolidated(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.be
9、causeB.andC.butD.so(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.hang .B.crashC.landD.move(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.softB.hardC.roughD.flat(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.search forB.put outC.turn downD.cling to(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.natureB.speedC.degreeD.direction(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.intelligenceB.healthC.fundD.future(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.momentB.situa
10、tionC.courseD.program(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.installedB.lostC.foundD.maintained(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.fastC.difficultD.comfortable(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.coatsB.affectsC.protectsD.crusts(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.acrossC.onD.through(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.are attracted toB.are bound toC.are confronted wit
11、hD.are charmed with(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.frequentlyB.violentlyC.gentlyD.rarely(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.strangeB.similarC.commonD.different(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.sketchedB.describedC.receivedD.copied(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.landscapeB.featureC.sceneD.mode(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.outB.inC.offD.down(19).【C19】（分数：2.00
12、）A.disperseB.dyeC.coverD.sustain(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.presumedB.doubtedC.provedD.hopedMammals vary enormously in size, from weighing less than a penny to measuring more than three school buses in length. Some groups of mammals have become very large, such as elephants and whales,【C1】_others have alwa
13、ys been small, like primates. A new theory developed by an international team, led by Jordan Okie,【C2】_an explanation for why and how【C3】_groups of organisms are able to evolve【C4】_sizes, whereas others are not. The research team【C5】_information on how quickly an individual animal grows and used it
14、to【C6】_how large it may get【C7】_evolutionary time. Their research was published recently. The new theory developed from the observation that some animals【C8】_fast and die young, while others take their time and mature much later. “Fast“ animals-such as micebreed very quickly, while humans mature slo
15、wly and are relatively older when they first have children. The theory【C9】_that those species that are relatively faster are more likely to evolve a large size quicker than slow species, and that their maximum size will be greater. The research team tested their theory using the【C10】_records of mamm
16、als over the last 70 million years, examining the maximum size of each mammal group【C11】_that time, including whales, elephants, seals and primates. They found that their theory was very well【C12】_. “Primates have evolved very slowly, and never got bigger than 1,000 pounds,“ said Okie, “The【C13】_was
17、 true of whales, which evolved their large size at the fastest【C14】_recorded.“ The theory also makes predictions about the relative risks of extinction for large animals【C15】_small. The maximum size of an animal is limited by the rate of mortality in the【C16】_. Because larger animals【C17】_breed less
18、 frequently than smaller animals,【C18】_the mortality rate doubles, the maximum size is predicted to be 16 times smaller. “This is a really surprising【C19】_,“ said Okie. “It points to another reason why many of the large animals went【C20】_after the last Ice Age, and their high risk of extinction in m
19、odern environments.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whileC.ifD.and(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.supplyB.getsC.providesD.furnishes(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.certainB.exactC.trueD.accurate(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.giganticB.tinyC.slimD.various(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.foundB.providedC.processedD.examined(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.displ
20、ayB.predictC.proveD.discover(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.forB.beforeC.overD.by(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.liveB.runC.eatD.think(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.promisesB.prescribesC.recommendsD.proposes(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.specimenB.fossilC.diseaseD.birth(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.afterB.throughoutC.sinceD.till(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.suppor
21、tedB.allegedC.rectifiedD.described(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.identicalB.opponentC.rivalD.opposite(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.waysB.ratiosC.ratesD.rhythms(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.compared toB.referred toC.dealt withD.associated with(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.qualityB.teamC.amountD.population(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.lead toB.te
22、nd toC.stick toD.object to(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.in thatB.despiteC.thereforeD.if(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.conclusionB.clueC.findingD.sign(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.extinctB.deadC.wrongD.wild考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 75 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the
23、 following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the lunar s
24、urface“s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been【C1】_by moon dust. Lunar dust is fine, like a powder,【C2】_it cuts like glass. It“s formed when shooting stars【C3】_on the moon“s surface, heating its rocks and dirt and reduci
25、ng them to fine particles. Since there“s no wind or water to smooth【C4】_edges, the tiny grains are sharp and uneven, and【C5】_nearly everything. “The intruding【C6】_of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue, as well as a【C7】_issue for settlers, than does radiation,“ wrote Ha
26、rrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, “Return to the Moon.“ The dust damaged space-suits and ate away layers of moon boots. Over the【C8】_of six Apollo missions, not one rock box【C9】_its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it
27、 smelled like gunpowder and made breathing【C10】_. No one knows precisely what the extremely small particles do to human lungs. The dust not only【C11】_the moon“s surface, but floats up to sixty miles【C12】_itas an outer part of its atmosphere, where particles【C13】_the moon by gravity, but are so thin
28、that they【C14】_collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting the moon, recorded a【C15】_phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night. Cernan【C16】_a serie
29、s of pictures illustrating the changing【C17】_; streams of particles popped【C18】_the ground and hovered, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts“ orbiter approached daylight. Since there“s no wind to form and【C19】_the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It“s【C20】
30、_that they“re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.destroyed B.stainedC.changedD.consolidated解析：解析：上句提到从月球上带回来的石块和泥土是放置在一个特制密封的铝盒里，能保持类似月球表面的低压环境(low-pressure environment)。从本句的 But 推断，这个密封装置可能出现了问题，下段提到月尘非常锋利(it cuts like glass)。因此 A
31、项 destroyed“被破坏”符合语义逻辑，表明盒子被月尘破坏。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.andC.but D.so解析：解析：前半句提到月尘像粉末一样精细，后半句说它像玻璃一样锋利。两者之间形成强烈的反差。C 项 but 表转折，符合语义逻辑。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.hang .B.crash C.landD.move解析：解析：本句说明月尘是如何形成的。从后面的伴随状语 heating its rocks and dirtto fineparticles(将石块和尘土加热并粉碎成颗粒)推断，流星对月球表面造成了极大冲击，导致这样的后果。B 项
32、crash 意为“撞击”，符合语义逻辑。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.softB.hardC.rough D.flat解析：解析：本句提到这些微小的颗粒既锋利又不平(sharp and uneven)，说明它们的边缘(edges)是不光滑的。C 项 rough 有“粗糙”之意，语义符合。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.search forB.put outC.turn downD.cling to 解析：解析：下一段提到月尘损坏了太空衣(damaged spacesuits)，并且提到月尘还附着在宇航员的身上被带回了太空船(Dust followed the astronauts
33、 back into their ships)，这说明月尘无处不在，具有很强的粘着力。D 项 cling to“附着”符合语义逻辑。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.nature B.speedC.degreeD.direction解析：解析：下句提到月尘损坏(damaged)了太空衣和登月靴，可以推断它具有破坏性。A 项 nature 意为“性质”，与 intruding 搭配表示月尘有“侵蚀、破坏的性质”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.intelligenceB.health C.fundD.future解析：解析：空格处的名词短语与前面的 a more challenging
34、 engineering design issue 并列，表明的都是月尘可能造成的影响。该段后半部分谈到了月尘对宇航员装备的影响，最后也谈到了宇航员吸入月尘后可能对肺带来影响。前者对应 design issue，后者谈论 health issue。因此选 B 项。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.momentB.situationC.course D.program解析：解析：Over 有“在期间”之意，其宾语应能表示一段时间。C 项 course 表示“过程，进程”，代入后表示在六次阿波罗航行任务中。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.installedB.lostC.foundD.m
35、aintained 解析：解析：前文提到月尘锋利如玻璃，破坏太空衣、月球靴等，说明它的破坏力很强，那些装有石头的盒子(rock box)也应遭到了破坏。句中主语 not one rock box 本身已含有否定，因此空格处所填单词应具有肯定意义。D 项 maintained“保持”符合。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.fastC.difficult D.comfortable解析：解析：本句提到月尘闻起来像火药(it smelled like gunpowder)，火药的味道一般是很浓并让人呼吸不畅。C 项 difficult“困难的”，代入后指呼吸困难。(11).【C1
36、1】（分数：2.00）A.coats B.affectsC.protectsD.crusts解析：解析：本句的结构是 not onlybut，表示递进关系，but 后面提到月尘漂浮(floats)在空中。从位置的递进可以推断，除了漂浮空中的月尘，月球表面还有一层月尘，故选 A 项 coats“覆盖的表面”，表明月尘不止覆盖在月球表面。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.above B.acrossC.onD.through解析：解析：本句提到月尘 floats up to sixty mile(漂浮到 6 英里外)，说明它在月球表面之上的空中。A 项 above“在之上(上方)”符合语义
37、逻辑。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.are attracted toB.are bound to C.are confronted withD.are charmed with解析：解析：从句讨论月球的引力对月尘微粒(participles)的作用。星体的重力对其表面或附近的物体有引力，这些微粒在月球的附近，应是受到了引力的影响而聚集在一起。B 项 are bound to 有“受约束”之意，符合此处的语境。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.frequentlyB.violentlyC.gentlyD.rarely 解析：解析：从句中的 so thin(如此稀薄)可以推断，
38、这些微粒数量很少，所以它们撞击(collide)的几率应该也很小。D 项 rarely“很少地”符合语义逻辑。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.strangeB.similar C.commonD.different解析：解析：上句提到探月器曾在日出时分于月球表面上空拍摄到了一朵发光云，本句提到宇航员在日月交替时拍摄到的现象。句首的时间状语 Later 一词表明前后两句之间存在顺承关系，两句的谓语动词filmed 和 recorded 同属一范畴，因此可以推断两者的宾语也存在相似性。B 项 similar“类似的”语义符合。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.sketched B
39、.describedC.receivedD.copied解析：解析：上文的 filmed 和 recorded 都是“拍摄”，因此空格的宾语 pictures 此处应理解为图画而非照片，其状语 illustrating 意为“用图画说明”，因此可以推测这些画是宇航员自己画的。A 项sketched 有“画素描、速写”之意，符合此处的语境。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.landscapeB.featureC.scene D.mode解析：解析：上文谈到探月器拍摄到发光云，阿波罗 17 号宇航员也看到现象。这些都属于 scene“场景，景象”，因此 C 项符合句意。(18).【C18】
40、（分数：2.00）A.outB.inC.off D.down解析：解析：本句提到流动的微粒(streams of particles)盘旋(hover)，通常物体离开地面后才能在空中盘旋。C 项 off 与 pop 搭配后表示“突然离开”，表明离开地面。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.disperseB.dyeC.coverD.sustain 解析：解析：本句中的 the clouds 指上句的 streams of particles，它可以 hover,由此可见它是悬浮在空中的。云层需要风或空气来保持这种状态，D 项 sustain“维持”正确。(20).【C20】（分数：2.0
41、0）A.presumed B.doubtedC.provedD.hoped解析：解析：上句提到这些云的起因是个谜(a mystery)，因此本句说的他们由尘土构成也只能是一种推测。A 项 presumed 有“推测”之意语义符合。Mammals vary enormously in size, from weighing less than a penny to measuring more than three school buses in length. Some groups of mammals have become very large, such as elephants an
42、d whales,【C1】_others have always been small, like primates. A new theory developed by an international team, led by Jordan Okie,【C2】_an explanation for why and how【C3】_groups of organisms are able to evolve【C4】_sizes, whereas others are not. The research team【C5】_information on how quickly an indivi
43、dual animal grows and used it to【C6】_how large it may get【C7】_evolutionary time. Their research was published recently. The new theory developed from the observation that some animals【C8】_fast and die young, while others take their time and mature much later. “Fast“ animals-such as micebreed very qu
44、ickly, while humans mature slowly and are relatively older when they first have children. The theory【C9】_that those species that are relatively faster are more likely to evolve a large size quicker than slow species, and that their maximum size will be greater. The research team tested their theory
45、using the【C10】_records of mammals over the last 70 million years, examining the maximum size of each mammal group【C11】_that time, including whales, elephants, seals and primates. They found that their theory was very well【C12】_. “Primates have evolved very slowly, and never got bigger than 1,000 pou
46、nds,“ said Okie, “The【C13】_was true of whales, which evolved their large size at the fastest【C14】_recorded.“ The theory also makes predictions about the relative risks of extinction for large animals【C15】_small. The maximum size of an animal is limited by the rate of mortality in the【C16】_. Because
47、larger animals【C17】_breed less frequently than smaller animals,【C18】_the mortality rate doubles, the maximum size is predicted to be 16 times smaller. “This is a really surprising【C19】_,“ said Okie. “It points to another reason why many of the large animals went【C20】_after the last Ice Age, and their high risk of extinction in modern environments.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.while C.ifD.and解析：解析：文章开头提到不同哺乳动物的体型差别极大(vary enormously in size)。上一句提到“有些种类的哺乳动物变得非常大”，接着在空格后表明“有些一直都很小”。因此空格处应是表对比关系的逻辑词，答案只能选 B 项 while“然而”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.supplyB.getsC.provides D.furn
