1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 98 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_While we“ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of exercise,
2、 new research shows aerobic exercise also may have considerable effects on aging and brain health in the short term. A new study says exercise can help older adults improve their memory and overall cognitive health as they【C1】_. Researchers at the Center for BrainHealth studied a group of 37 adults
3、ages 57 to 75【C2】_inactive lifestyles. They were【C3】_two groups, one control group and one physically active group. The fitness group spent one hour a day, three times a week, either bicycling or jogging【C4】_the course of 12 weeks. Each participant was【C5】_before, after and halfway through the study
4、 on their overall brain【C6】_and the fitness level of heart and blood vessel. At all three checkpoints, the group that was physically active was found to have higher blood flow in the brain and also improved memory. Researchers【C7】_this to increased blood flow in certain regions of the brain concerni
5、ng memory. “Science has shown that aging【C8】_mental efficiency and memory decline is the number one cognitive【C9】_of older adults,“ lead author Sandra Bond Chapman said in a statement. “This research shows the【C10】_benefit of aerobic exercise on a person“s memory and demonstrates that aerobic exerci
6、se can reduce both the biological and cognitive【C11】_of aging.“ There are hundreds of benefits of exercise at any age【C12】_. for older adults, the affects are especially astonishing. Another study in 2006 showed that exercise not only improved brain performance but【C13】_increased brain volume in old
7、er adults. Researchers say the best part about the【C14】_findings is that aerobic exercise is low-cost and accessible to anyone,【C15】_is packed with benefits. Exercise can help lower blood pressure, help【C16】_your hormone levels, and even shorten hot flashes. But to【C17】_maximum benefits from an exer
8、cise regime, Chapman says it“s important to also get plenty of mental stimulation. “To think we can【C18】_and improve the basic structure of the【C19】_brain through aerobic exercise and complex thinking should【C20】_us to challenge our thinking and get moving at any age,“ Chapman said.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1
9、】（分数：2.00）A.ageB.matureC.developD.ripen(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.withC.onD.without(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.derived fromB.split intoC.made intoD.differed from(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.byD.over(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.instructedB.estimatedC.assessedD.informed(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.functionB.structureC.illnessD
10、.development(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.compareB.devoteC.leadD.attribute(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.improvesB.lessensC.decreasesD.alters(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.processB.competenceC.complaintD.phenomenon(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.tremendousB.specialC.unknownD.limited(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.factorsB.consequencesC.signsD.symptoms(12)
11、.【C12】（分数：2.00）A.soB.butC.orD.unless(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.unexpectedlyC.probablyD.actually(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.promisingB.originalC.costlyD.latest(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.yetC.althoughD.so(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.controlB.minimizeC.regulateD.capture(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.reapB.winC.preventD.prov
12、ide(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.transformB.perfectC.deviseD.alter(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.youngB.matureC.abnormalD.typical(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.discourageB.pullC.persuadeD.inspireSocial science has weighed in on the “tiger mom“ debate, and it looks like everyone is right: Both over-protective and laid-back mothe
13、rs can raise successful children. Three years after Yale law professor Amy Chua“s controversial article, “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior,“ in the Wall Street Journal, Stanford researchers Alyssa Fu and Hazel Markus have published a study examining the effectiveness of the【C1】_, high-pressure paren
14、ting Chua【C2】_and the more relaxing style【C3】_in European-American culture. They found both parenting styles can be【C4】_; the key is in how the child views his or her relationship with the mother. In Asian-American culture, children are often expected to rely on their families,【C5】_traditionally Eur
15、opean-American families【C6】_value and encourage independence. Parental pressure【C7】_different reactions in each culture: Asian-American students said they felt like parent involvement in their lives is a form of support, while European-American children【C8】_the pressure to perform. “These findings u
16、nderline the importance of understanding cultural【C9】_in how people interpret themselves and their relationships to others,“ the researchers wrote. “European-American mothers who assume that achievement is an individual project may be right to believe that too much involvement can【C10】_motivation. T
17、iger Mothers who assume that achievement is a group project may be equally right to【C11】_that parental involvement is【C12】_for motivation.“ The researchers evaluated these two different parenting【C13】_by analyzing the connections between children“s motivation and their mothers. Across the studies, A
18、sian-American students saw more【C14】_between themselves and their mothers and were more accepting of their mothers“ involvement in their lives. These students viewed pressure from their mothers【C15】_and said it motivated them in times of【C16】_. European-American students, on the other hand, reported
19、 feeling more independent from their mothers and seeing pressure to succeed【C17】_a lack of support rather than a source of motivation. Parents might take some comfort knowing that,【C18】_Chua“s battle cries for stricter childrearing, it looks like parenting isn“t quite so clear-cut And dissatisfied w
20、hite kids can【C19】_, too: They now have the social science to【C20】_ignoring their mothers.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.appropriateB.strictC.meanD.different(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.opposesB.releasesC.plansD.advocates(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.frequentB.normalC.commonD.unique(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.alikeB.competentC.eff
21、ectiveD.precise(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.butB.soC.andD.or(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.happen toB.tend toC.hope toD.compete to(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.increasesB.provokesC.imposesD.involves(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.treasuredB.ignoredC.resentedD.enjoyed(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.communicationB.dimensionC.coalitionD.variation(10).【C10】（分数：
22、2.00）A.suppressB.promoteC.sustainD.exclude(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.assertB.opposeC.inferD.estimate(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.destructiveB.irrespectiveC.beneficialD.relative(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.rolesB.techniquesC.solutionsD.hypothesis(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.argumentB.controlC.overlapD.communication(15).【C15】（分数：2
23、.00）A.negligiblyB.negativelyC.seriouslyD.positively(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.failureB.educationC.quarrelD.illness(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.withB.byC.asD.for(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.despiteB.sinceC.besidesD.like(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.troubleB.rejoiceC.confuseD.amuse(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.interpretB.observeC.affordD.ju
24、stify考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 98 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：While we“ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of ex
25、ercise, new research shows aerobic exercise also may have considerable effects on aging and brain health in the short term. A new study says exercise can help older adults improve their memory and overall cognitive health as they【C1】_. Researchers at the Center for BrainHealth studied a group of 37
26、adults ages 57 to 75【C2】_inactive lifestyles. They were【C3】_two groups, one control group and one physically active group. The fitness group spent one hour a day, three times a week, either bicycling or jogging【C4】_the course of 12 weeks. Each participant was【C5】_before, after and halfway through th
27、e study on their overall brain【C6】_and the fitness level of heart and blood vessel. At all three checkpoints, the group that was physically active was found to have higher blood flow in the brain and also improved memory. Researchers【C7】_this to increased blood flow in certain regions of the brain c
28、oncerning memory. “Science has shown that aging【C8】_mental efficiency and memory decline is the number one cognitive【C9】_of older adults,“ lead author Sandra Bond Chapman said in a statement. “This research shows the【C10】_benefit of aerobic exercise on a person“s memory and demonstrates that aerobic
29、 exercise can reduce both the biological and cognitive【C11】_of aging.“ There are hundreds of benefits of exercise at any age【C12】_. for older adults, the affects are especially astonishing. Another study in 2006 showed that exercise not only improved brain performance but【C13】_increased brain volume
30、 in older adults. Researchers say the best part about the【C14】_findings is that aerobic exercise is low-cost and accessible to anyone,【C15】_is packed with benefits. Exercise can help lower blood pressure, help【C16】_your hormone levels, and even shorten hot flashes. But to【C17】_maximum benefits from
31、an exercise regime, Chapman says it“s important to also get plenty of mental stimulation. “To think we can【C18】_and improve the basic structure of the【C19】_brain through aerobic exercise and complex thinking should【C20】_us to challenge our thinking and get moving at any age,“ Chapman said.（分数：40.00）
32、(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.age B.matureC.developD.ripen解析：解析：上文提到新的研究表明有氧运动可能也会对老龄化(aging)产生巨大的影响。本句顺接上文，指出新的研究表明运动可以帮助老年人提高记忆力和整体认知能力。空格前的 as“随着”引导时间状语从句，A 项 age 表示“衰老”，与上文的 aging 对应，符合语义逻辑。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.fromB.with C.onD.without解析：解析：这 37 名成年人都有 inactive lifestyles(不爱运动的生活方式)的人，B 项 with 表伴随状态。后接名词在句中作
33、 adults 的定语。表示“不爱运动的成年人”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.derived fromB.split into C.made intoD.differed from解析：解析：空格后的两个组 control group 和 physically active group 表明这里将这 37 人分成两组。B 项 split into“分成”符合语义逻辑。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.byD.over 解析：解析：由句法结构可推测本题需填入介词与表示时间段的 the course of 12 weeks 构成的短语作为本句的时间状语，
34、over the course of“在期间”，选 D 项 over。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.instructedB.estimatedC.assessed D.informed解析：解析：on their overallandblood vessel 表明了参与者是测量或评估了这些内容。C 项assessed 有“评估”的意思，填入文中指研究人员在实验之前、之后和实验过程中对每个参与者的身体情况进行评估，语义通顺。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.function B.structureC.illnessD.development解析：解析：空格所在的部分是本句的宾语，br
35、ain与 the fitness levelblood vessel 构成并列。文章开头提及运动对 brain health 有影响，且下文提到大脑的血流量(blood flow)、记忆力(memory)与大脑所起的作用相关，故选 A 项 function“功能”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.compareB.devoteC.leadD.attribute 解析：解析：this 指代上句的研究发现；空格词应与 to 搭配，说明研究发现与大脑某些有关记忆的特定区域血流量增加的关系。D 项 attribute 与 to 搭配表示“把归因于”，代入句中指研究者们把这种现象归因于大脑某些有关
36、记忆的特定区域血流量的增加。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.improvesB.lessensC.decreases D.alters解析：解析：此空格需填入一个动词作宾语从句的谓语，其主语是宾语是 aging(衰老)，宾语是 mental efficiency(大脑效率)。and 后并列的内容谈论记忆力衰退(memory decline)与老年人(older adults)的关系，说明衰老是会导致记忆力下降的。故选 C 项 decreases“降低”，排除 A 项 improves“改善”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.processB.competenceC.complain
37、t D.phenomenon解析：解析：老年人会遇到记忆力衰退的问题，本句需填入能被 cognitive 修饰的名词来指代该问题。complaint 可以指病症，既可以是小病、慢性病，也可以是传染性疾病等。cognitive complaint“认知疾病”符合语义逻辑，故选择 C 项 complaint。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.tremendous B.specialC.unknownD.limited解析：解析：第一段提到，新的研究表明有氧运动可能也会对老龄化和脑健康在短期内产生巨大的影响(have considerable effects)，推测此处应填入与 consid
38、erable 语义呼应的形容词来修饰 benefit，故选 A 项 tremendous“巨大的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.factorsB.consequences C.signsD.symptoms解析：解析：本段开头提到老年人会遇到记忆力衰退的问题，这是由老化所致的。而本句提到有氧运动可以减缓由老化导致的生理和认知方面问题。本题需填入 cognitiveof aging 的中心词，B 项consequences 表示“后果”，cognitive consequences of aging 指老龄化所致的认知方面的后果。可以与上文 memory decline 语义呼应。
39、(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.soB.but C.orD.unless解析：解析：前半句提到在任何年龄段锻炼身体都会有很多益处，后半句则说锻炼对老年人的影响是尤为惊人的。选 B 项 but,此处更多的是表示强调。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.hardlyB.unexpectedlyC.probablyD.actually 解析：解析：本句指出另一项研究的成果，即“锻炼不仅能改善大脑功能，而且增加了老年人的脑容量”。这也印证了上一段提到的研究的成果。因此空格应填入用于强调事实的副词，D 项 actually“确实地”符合语义逻辑。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.
40、promising B.originalC.costlyD.latest解析：解析：本题需填入形容词修饰 findings(研究发现)，上文提到的发现包括锻炼能改善大脑功能、能增加老年人的脑容量，都是积极方面的。故选 A 项 promising“可喜的”，逻辑及语义也与其后的内容相吻合。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.yet C.althoughD.so解析：解析：空格前表明有氧运动成本低廉(low-cost)、适用广泛(accessible to anyone)，空格后又指出有氧运动益处良多(packed with benefits)，语义上有一定的转折意味。B 项
41、yet 用作连词指“然而”，常含有“尽管如此，但”之意，符合本题逻辑。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.controlB.minimizeC.regulate D.capture解析：解析：空格处填入动词与 hormone levels 搭配，即“运动可以激素水平”。C 项 regulate 有“调节”的意思。填入后语义通顺。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.reap B.winC.preventD.provide解析：解析：上文提到运动的多种好处而本句谈论如何能发挥运动的最大利益(maximum ben-efits)。A 项 reap 有“获得”的意思，代入后指从运动养生法中
42、获取最大的利益，符合语义逻辑。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.transformB.perfectC.deviseD.alter 解析：解析：本句描述有氧运动(aerobic exercise)和复杂思考(complex thinking)的作用。填入的动词应与 improve(提高)并列，且与 basic structure ofbrain(大脑的基本结构)构成动宾关系。D 项alter“改变”符合语义。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.youngB.mature C.abnormalD.typical解析：解析：上文多次提到有氧运动对老年人大脑的益处，因此本句中所提及的能
43、通过有氧运动改善大脑机构的人群应为本文所研究的实验对象：老年人。本题需填入形容词修饰他们的大脑，B 项 mature 表示“成年人的”。符合语义逻辑。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.discourageB.pullC.persuadeD.inspire 解析：解析：前半句提到有氧运动和复杂思考可以改善大脑的基本结构，是积极的一面。空格处填入的动词能与 to 搭配。表明这有助于挑战自我的思辨能力和促使我们运动起来。D 项 inspire“激励”符合语义逻辑。Social science has weighed in on the “tiger mom“ debate, and it l
44、ooks like everyone is right: Both over-protective and laid-back mothers can raise successful children. Three years after Yale law professor Amy Chua“s controversial article, “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior,“ in the Wall Street Journal, Stanford researchers Alyssa Fu and Hazel Markus have published
45、 a study examining the effectiveness of the【C1】_, high-pressure parenting Chua【C2】_and the more relaxing style【C3】_in European-American culture. They found both parenting styles can be【C4】_; the key is in how the child views his or her relationship with the mother. In Asian-American culture, childre
46、n are often expected to rely on their families,【C5】_traditionally European-American families【C6】_value and encourage independence. Parental pressure【C7】_different reactions in each culture: Asian-American students said they felt like parent involvement in their lives is a form of support, while Euro
47、pean-American children【C8】_the pressure to perform. “These findings underline the importance of understanding cultural【C9】_in how people interpret themselves and their relationships to others,“ the researchers wrote. “European-American mothers who assume that achievement is an individual project may
48、 be right to believe that too much involvement can【C10】_motivation. Tiger Mothers who assume that achievement is a group project may be equally right to【C11】_that parental involvement is【C12】_for motivation.“ The researchers evaluated these two different parenting【C13】_by analyzing the connections between childr
