1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 5 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_About 3 billion people live within 100 miles of the
2、sea, a number that could double in the next decade as humans flock to coastal cities like gulls. The oceans produce $ 3 trillion of goods and services each year and untold value for the Earth“s ecology. Life could not exist without these vast water reservesand, if anything, they are becoming even mo
3、re important to humans than before. Mining is about to begin under the seabed in the high seasthe regions outside the exclusive economic zones administered by coastal and island nations, which stretch 200 nautical miles offshore. Nineteen exploratory licences have been issued. New summer shipping la
4、nes are opening across the Arctic Ocean. The genetic resources of marine life promise a pharmaceutical bonanza: the number of patents has been rising at 12% a year. One study found that genetic material from the seas is a hundred times more likely to have anti-cancer properties than that from terres
5、trial life. But these developments are minor compared with vaster forces reshaping the Earth, both on land and at sea. It has long been clear that people are damaging the oceanswitness the melting of the Arctic ice in summer, the spread of oxygen starved dead zones and the death of coral reefs. Now,
6、 the consequences of that damage are starting to be felt onshore. Thailand provides a vivid example. In the 1990s it cleared coastal mangrove swamps to set up shrimp farms. Ocean storm surges in 2011, no longer cushioned by the mangroves, rushed in to flood the country“s industrial heartland, causin
7、g billions of dollars of damage. More serious is the global mismanagement of fish stocks. About 3 billion people get a fifth of their protein from fish, making it a more important protein source than beef. But a vicious cycle has developed as fish stocks decline and fishermen race to grab what they
8、can of the remainder. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO), a third of fish stocks in the oceans are over-exploited; some estimates say the proportion is more than half. One study suggested that stocks of big predatory speciessuch as tuna, swordfish and marlinmay have fallen by as
9、 much as 90% since the 1950s. People could be eating much better, were fishing stocks properly managed.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, which one is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The oceans produce numerous benefits for the Earth“s ecology.B.A large number of people enjoy living by the sea or i
10、n coastal cities.C.The oceans would produce $ 6 trillion of goods and services in the next decade.D.The number of people living by the sea could probably be 6 billion in ten years.(2).The oceans are about to be explored because_.（分数：2.00）A.marine life has more medical value than land lifeB.human bei
11、ngs have the right to explore the natureC.they are unknown and mysterious to human beingD.the exploration will bring great economic benefits(3).Consequences of damaging the oceans include all EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.vanishing of marine organismsB.emergence of ocean storm surgesC.expansion of areas of oxy
12、gen deficitD.change of climate and rise of temperature(4).Thailand is mentioned in the text to_.（分数：2.00）A.reveal the importance of coastal mangroveB.serve as an example of the power of natureC.show the results of damaging the environmentD.prove Thailand is not suitable for breeding shrimp(5).We can
13、 learn from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.a fifth of people in the world get their protein from fishB.FAO predicts that a third of ocean resources are over-exploitedC.many predatory species in the ocean have disappeared since 1950sD.the number of fish has fallen greatly because of human exploi
14、tationKentucky is famous mainly for fried chicken, bourbon and horse-racing. Few people think of it as a manufacturing powerhouse. But the bluegrass state is not only the third largest car manufacturer in America; thanks to its central location, it has become a huge logistics hub and now also ranks
15、third among American states in air-cargo shipments. At the state“s Louisville airport, United Parcel Service“s 120-acre site resembles a giant Santa“s grotto, with parcels containing everything from food to medicines to cuddly toys racing around 155 miles of conveyor belts. When the facility was ope
16、ned in 1982, it handled 2,000 packages every night; now it deals with that number every 17 seconds, mostly automatically. Seventy aeroplanes can be parked outside the hub“s five wings, and each can be loaded or unloaded in 20 minutes. Some 250 flights depart every day. The airport is no more than tw
17、o hours“ flight from 75% of America“s population and four hours from 95% of it. But only one in ten of UPS“s packages go by air. The state is within 600 miles of 60% of the nation“s population, so most of them travel by road. Trucks fan out not just from UPS“s facility but also from that of a rival
18、delivery group, DHL, farther north. Being able to receive and send goods quickly makes all the difference to a business like Geek Squad, which has a site of 240,000 square feet just a few miles from Louisville, employing 1 ,350 staff. The company handles all the repairs for Best Buy, an electronics
19、retailer. Customers hand in their phones and laptops at their local shop, from where they are trucked to the Louisville facility. The first delivery arrives at 5 am and the last truck leaves at 11 pm. Over half the products are sent back to the customers the next day. Nearby Cafe Press handles onlin
20、e orders for a wide range of customised goods, from T-shirts to mugs to wedding invitations. On Cyber Monday, just after Thanksgiving, it had 100,000 orders to fill. As well as UPS, Cafe Press uses Federal Express“s hub in Memphis, Tennessee, six hours“ drive away. Good internet connections and chea
21、p power are vital for the company. It has a backup server on site and enjoys the sixth-lowest power costs in the country, according to the Kentucky Association for Economic Development.（分数：10.00）(1).Kentucky has the advantages EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.production of vehiclesB.good-sized logistic centerC.ae
22、rial transportation of goodsD.fried chicken, horse race and tobacco(2).The United Parcel Service_.（分数：2.00）A.transports various kinds of goodsB.can finish a package in 17 secondsC.deals with 2,000 packages every nightD.handles a large number of parcels by hand(3).According to Paragraphs 3 rapid chan
23、ges there could have knock-on effects elsewhere. Whether or not that is happening was a question addressed by Jennifer Francis, an atmospheric scientist at Rutgers University. It is a topical subject. Along with much of the rest of America, Chicago endured a fierce and prolonged cold snap in January
24、, in which temperatures fell to -27C, the lowest since 1884. Meanwhile, Brits at the conference were fleeing a country that had been soaked by the heaviest winter rains in two and a half centuries, and battered by a seemingly endless succession of Atlantic storms and gales. Campaigners in both count
25、ries have been quick to blame climate change for the rotten weather. But things are rarely so straightforward in climatology. The best Dr Francis could offer was a theory as to why a warmer Arctic might be expected to lead to wilder weather in mid-latitudes, and some tentative but suggestive evidenc
26、e that this is already happening. Her idea rests on the jet stream, a powerful, persistent, high-altitude “ river of air“ which flows around the world from west to east, affecting the weather as it goes. The jet stream is driven in part by the temperature difference between cold Arctic air and the w
27、armer air of middle latitudes. Because the Arctic is warming more rapidly than the rest of the planet, that difference is shrinking. This ought to produce a less potent jet stream. And a less potent jet stream is a more unpredictable one.（分数：10.00）(1).Pessimistic researchers foretell that_.（分数：2.00）
28、A.climate change will slowly show up in decadesB.ice of the Arctic may melt in summer very soonC.the Arctic temperature has been the hottest in 2,000 yearsD.global temperatures are 2C higher than long-term average(2).What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Climate change of the ocean may ha
29、ve impact on the land as well.B.Chicago“s cold temperature is unrelated to the warming of the Arctic.C.The whole America has experienced the lowest temperature since 1884.D.Britain has been suffering from the heaviest storms and rains in history.(3).Dr Francis suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.climate chang
30、e causes bad weather in EnglandB.things are seldom straightforward in climatologyC.human being is to blame for the change of climateD.ocean warming may result in bad weather on land(4).We learn from the text that jet stream_.（分数：2.00）A.is a river at high altitudeB.gives rise to climate changeC.cause
31、s temperature differenceD.is to blame for global warming(5).The best title for the text may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Climate Change: Slow in ComingB.Jet Stream: Cause of Climate ChangeC.Climate Change: Quicker Than We ThinkD.Global Warming: More Serious Than BeforeThe more parents talk to their children, the
32、faster those children“s vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develops. That might seem blindingly obvious, but it took until 1995 for science to show just how early in life the difference begins to matter. In that year Betty Hart and Todd Risley of the University of Kansas published t
33、he results of a decade-long study in which they had looked at how, and how much, 42 families in Kansas City conversed at home. Dr Hart and Dr Risley found a close correlation between the number of words a child“s parents had spoken to him by the time he was three and his academic success at the age
34、of nine. At three, children born into professional families had heard 30m more words than those from a poorer background. This observation has profound implications for policies about babies and their parents. It suggests that sending children to “pre-school“(nurseries or kindergartens)at the age of
35、 foura favoured step among policymakerscomes too late to compensate for educational shortcomings at home. Happily, understanding of how children“s vocabularies develop is growing, as several presentations at this year“s meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS)showed.
36、One of the most striking revelations came from Anne Fernald of Stanford University, who has found that the disparity starts at the tender age of 18 months, when most toddlers speak only a dozen words, those from disadvantaged families are several months behind other, more favoured children. Indeed,
37、Dr Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth. She measures how quickly toddlers process language by sitting them on their mothers“ laps and showing them two images; a dog and a ball, say. A recorded voice tells the toddler to look at the ball while a camera records his reaction. This lets D
38、r Fernald note the moment the child“s gaze begins shifting towards the correct image. At 18 months, toddlers from better-off backgrounds can identify the correct object in 750 milliseconds200 milliseconds faster than those from poorer families. This, says Dr Fernald, is a huge difference.（分数：10.00）(
39、1).According to Dr Hart and Dr Risley, _.（分数：2.00）A.the third year is the most important in a child“s lifeB.children from rich families will be more successfulC.vocabulary has nothing to do with children“s academic successD.parents with higher education tend to talk more to their children(2).The aut
40、hor“s attitude towards present pre-school age is_.（分数：2.00）A.pessimisticB.doubtfulC.optimisticD.indifferent(3).We can infer from the second paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.children can go to school earlier than they usually doB.poor families can get compensation from the governmentC.AAAS revealed that Am
41、erican children“s vocabularies are growingD.there is nothing we can do to remedy educational disadvantages in the family(4).The underlined word “toddlers“(Para 3, Line 2)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.doctorsB.studentsC.familiesD.children(5).Dr Fernald“s experiment shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.children can learn v
42、ery quicklyB.we can teach children with picturesC.children“s gap starts at an early ageD.poor-family children learn much better考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 5 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four tex
43、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：About 3 billion people live within 100 miles of the sea, a number that could double in the next decade as humans flock to coastal cities like gulls. The oceans produce $ 3 trillion of goods and services each year and unt
44、old value for the Earth“s ecology. Life could not exist without these vast water reservesand, if anything, they are becoming even more important to humans than before. Mining is about to begin under the seabed in the high seasthe regions outside the exclusive economic zones administered by coastal a
45、nd island nations, which stretch 200 nautical miles offshore. Nineteen exploratory licences have been issued. New summer shipping lanes are opening across the Arctic Ocean. The genetic resources of marine life promise a pharmaceutical bonanza: the number of patents has been rising at 12% a year. One
46、 study found that genetic material from the seas is a hundred times more likely to have anti-cancer properties than that from terrestrial life. But these developments are minor compared with vaster forces reshaping the Earth, both on land and at sea. It has long been clear that people are damaging t
47、he oceanswitness the melting of the Arctic ice in summer, the spread of oxygen starved dead zones and the death of coral reefs. Now, the consequences of that damage are starting to be felt onshore. Thailand provides a vivid example. In the 1990s it cleared coastal mangrove swamps to set up shrimp fa
48、rms. Ocean storm surges in 2011, no longer cushioned by the mangroves, rushed in to flood the country“s industrial heartland, causing billions of dollars of damage. More serious is the global mismanagement of fish stocks. About 3 billion people get a fifth of their protein from fish, making it a more important protein source than beef. But a vicious cycle has developed as fish stocks decline and fishermen race to grab what they can of the remainder. Ac
