1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 6及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_A young consultant“s life is tiring. A typical week s
2、tarts before dawn on Monday, with a rush to the airport and a flight to wherever the client is based. A typical brain-for-hire can expect to stay in hotels at least three nights a week, texting a distant lover. “ It“s quite normal to spend a year living out of a suitcase,“ sighs one London-based con
3、sultant. An ex-McKinseyite in New York adds that 15 to 18-hour weekdays are normal and six to eight-hour Saturdays and Sundays common. It can be draining, she admits. So the job appeals to “ insecure over-achievers “a phrase widely used in the industry“who are always worried that they haven“t done e
4、nough work,“ jokes a former employee of Bain except enough sleep.（分数：10.00）(1).McKinseyite is cited in the first paragraph to_.（分数：2.00）A.prove the impossibility of being a qualified consultantB.picture the tragic life of a young consultantC.show the long working hours for the young consultantD.desc
5、ribe the exhausting job of being a young consultant(2).The underlined phrase “insecure over-achievers“(Para 2, Line 1)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.those who feel insecure of their life and futureB.those who are unemployed but trying to find a jobC.those who are working very hard to get a more stable jobD.t
6、hose who are very experienced and rich but feel insecure(3).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3 ?（分数：2.00）A.Young people want to live in big cities.B.The best-paid jobs can be found only in big cites.C.The first-class consultants generally work in big cities.D.Everything happens
7、in London.(4).The last two paragraphs tell us that_.（分数：2.00）A.the present system is to some degree favorable to both firms and consultantsB.consultancies outside big cities need clever peopleC.consultants like travelling because they want to become successfulD.consultancies prefer to run their busi
8、ness in remote areas(5).The best title of the passage could be_.（分数：2.00）A.Young Consultants and Their SuccessB.Young Consultants in Big CitiesC.Young Consultants in Remote AreasD.Young Consultants and Their CareersThe human voice, like any sound produced by thrumming a stretched string, has a funda
9、mental frequency. For voice, the centre of that frequency lies mostly below 300Hz depending on the speaker“s sex. Information is conveyed through simultaneous higher-frequency overtones(泛音)and additional components that can stretch up to 20,000 Hz(20kHz). Modern hearing aids are able to distinguish
10、only a small part of that range, typically between 300Hz and 6kHz, reducing noise and amplifying those frequencies where the wearer“s hearing is the weakest. But differentiating elements of many common parts of speech occur in higher frequencies. This is the result both of harmonics(和声)that ripple o
11、ut from the main tone, and from non-voiced elements used to utter consonants(辅音), which employ the tongue, teeth, cheeks and lips. Take the words “sailing“ and “failing“. Cut off the higher frequencies and the two are indistinguishable. The problem is compounded on telephone calls, which do not tran
12、smit frequencies below 300Hz or above 3.3kHz. People with hearing aids experience this problem constantly, says Brian Moore of the University of Cambridge. Typical hearing loss tends to be most acute at frequencies above 10kHz, which contain quieter sounds but where speech can still include importan
13、t cues. Older hearing aids cut off at no higher than 6kHz, but much modern equipment stretches this range to 8-10kHz. However, a problem remains, Dr Moore says, because bespoke hearing-aid calibrations for individual users, called “fittings“ , do not properly boost the gain of these higher frequenci
14、es. So Dr Moore and his colleagues have come up with a better method. Their approach can be applied to many existing devices, and is also being built into some newer ones. A key step in any fitting involves testing an individual“s ability to hear sounds in different frequency bands. Each hearing los
15、s is unique, and for most users a standard profile would be too loud in some ranges and too soft in others. But current tests pay scant attention to the higher frequencies that a device“s tiny speaker can produce, regardless of whether the user needs a boost. Dr Moore“s new test, known as CAM2, whic
16、h is both a set of specifications and an implementation in software, extends and modifies fittings to include frequencies as high as 10kHz. When the results are used to calibrate a modern hearing aid, the result is greater intelligibility(可懂度)of speech compared with existing alternatives. CAM2 also
17、improves the experience of listening to music, which makes greater use of higher frequencies than speech does.（分数：10.00）(1).Audiphones can help people with hearing problem by_.（分数：2.00）A.reducing noise and amplifying higher-frequencyB.cutting down noise and enhancing certain frequenciesC.stressing h
18、igher frequencies and impairing lower onesD.weakening the frequency range between 300Hz and 6kHz(2).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Telephone can transmit a wide range of frequencies.B.Higher frequencies are more important than lower ones.C.People may use many part
19、s of the mouth to utter consonants.D.Cutting off higher frequencies will not influence understanding.(3).We can infer from Paragraph 3 that_.（分数：2.00）A.people with hearing loss can hear nothing at allB.modern hearing aids help people hear everythingC.there are still shortcomings in modern hearing ai
20、dsD.Dr Moore and his team have invented new hearing devices(4).According to the text, CAM2 can_.（分数：2.00）A.boost higher frequenciesB.reach the highest frequencyC.make speech more confusingD.replace a modem hearing aid(5).The text mainly focuses on modern hearing aid“s _.（分数：2.00）A.drawbacks and prob
21、lemsB.advantages and disadvantagesC.development and advancementD.shortcomings and improvementIn 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee led by George McGovem published its landmark “ Dietary Goals for the United States,“ urging Americans to eat less high-fat red meat, eggs and dairy and
22、 replace them with more calories from fruits, vegetables and especially carbohydrates. By 1980 that wisdom was codified. The US Department of Agriculture(USDA)issued its first dietary guidelines, and one of the primary directives was to avoid cholesterol(胆固醇)and fat of all sorts. The National Instit
23、utes of Health(NIH)recommended that all Americans over the age of 2 cut fat consumption, and that same year the government announced the results of a $ 150 million study, which had a clear message; Eat less fat and cholesterol to reduce your risk of a heart attack. The food industryand American eati
24、ng habitsjumped in step. Grocery shelves filled with “light“ yogurts, low-fat microwave dinners, cheese-flavored crackers, cookies. Families like mine followed the advice; beef disappeared from the dinner plate, eggs were replaced at breakfast with cereal or yolk-free beaters, and whole milk almost
25、wholly vanished. From 1977 to 2012, per capita consumption of those foods dropped while calories from supposedly healthy carbohydrates increasedno surprise, given that breads, cereals and pasta were at the base of the USDA food pyramid. The nation was embarking on a “ vast nutritional experiment,“ a
26、s the skeptical president of the National Academy of Sciences, Philip Handler, put it in 1980. But with nearly a million Americans a year dropping dead from heart disease by the mid-“80s, it had to try something. Nearly four decades later, the results are in: the experiment was a failure. Americans
27、cut the fat, but by almost every measure, they are sicker than ever. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the US increased 166% from 1980 to 2012. Nearly 1 in 10 American adults has the disease, costing the country“s health care system $ 245 billion a year, and an estimated 86 million people are pre
28、dia-betic. Deaths from heart disease have fallena fact that many experts attribute to better emergency care, less smoking and widespread use of cholesterol-controlling drugs like statinsbut cardiovascular(心血管的)disease remains the country“s No. 1 killer.（分数：10.00）(1).George Mc Govern advised people t
29、o_.（分数：2.00）A.take more exercisesB.eat more nutritious foodC.change their eating habitsD.cut down the intake of calories(2).We can learn from Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.NIH“s suggestion was written into code decades agoB.NIH suggested that all Americans take in no more fatC.government spent a lot
30、of money on curing heart attackD.poor eating habits may increase the risk of certain diseases(3).In the past, Americans got their calories mainly from_.（分数：2.00）A.healthy carbohydrateB.meat, eggs, and dairyC.breads, cereals and pastaD.yogurts, crackers and cookies(4).The author“s attitude towards nu
31、tritional experiment seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.ambiguousB.suspiciousC.pessimisticD.prejudiced(5).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Dietary change has contributed little to America.B.About ten percent of Americans are prediabetic.C.The change of diet has killed many diseases.D.Ame
32、rica“s obesity rate is higher than before.The casino(赌场)at the smart Atlantis resort on Paradise Island in the Bahamas is bigger than 20 tennis courts. Tourists flit from slot machine to roulette table, drift past Temples of the Sun and Moon and walk by Crystal Gate and Poseidon“s Throne. But the on
33、ly Bahamians in sight are waiters, croupier and cashiers. The Bahamas legalised casino gambling in 1969, when they were still a British colony. But mainly because of the influence of local pastors, both Bahamians and foreigners who live in the country are banned from gambling. This has not stopped r
34、esidents from placing bets. Instead, they gamble off the books in “ number houses“ or “webshops“legal internet cafes that offer illegal bets on the side and operate in plain sight. These have mushroomed in recent years, even as tourism has stagnated and hotels have reduced staff. This pretence will
35、be put to the test on January 28 th, when a referendum will be held on legalising gambling in web shops, as well as on a separate proposal to set up a national lottery. The well-funded campaign supporting the initiative has been distributing posters and T-shirts. It argues that web shops account for
36、 almost 2% of jobs in the country, and that gambling taxes could help close the budget deficit. The “no“ movement, which calls itself “Save Our Bahamas“ , is led by the islands“ evangelical(新教会的)churches. Perry Christie, the prime minister, says he has “no horse in the race“. The opposition accuses
37、him, without proof, of running a “fixed“ referendum on behalf of web-shop owners who back him financially. If the proposal is approved, the government will probably try to pass a series of reforms supported by the big hotel casinos. In order to compete with Las Vegas, New Jersey or Macau, they say,
38、they need authorisation for credit-card payment for chips, online and mobile wagers, private VIP gaming rooms and betting on sports matches while play is in progress. They also want stronger legal tools to collect unpaid debts and the right to void payments caused by computer errors. The tourism min
39、ister has already announced support for these policies. However, letting Bahamians into the casinos is not yet on the agenda.（分数：10.00）(1).The description of the casino in the first paragraph is to_.（分数：2.00）A.depict the tourist attractionB.spotlight the author“s attitudeC.describe the life on Parad
40、ise IslandD.introduce the topic of gambling in the Bahamas(2).According to Paragraphs 1 except enough sleep.（分数：10.00）(1).McKinseyite is cited in the first paragraph to_.（分数：2.00）A.prove the impossibility of being a qualified consultantB.picture the tragic life of a young consultantC.show the long w
41、orking hours for the young consultantD.describe the exhausting job of being a young consultant 解析：解析：从题干可以看出这是一道例证题。在做例证题的时候，我们要关注引用内容前后附近的内容，尤其是引用内容前面的内容。但我们发现四个选项都与引用内容前面的关系不大。这时我们要重点关注引用内容所在段落的主旨大意。通过首尾句“A young consultant“slife is tiring”，“It can be draining，she admits”可以了解到该段的大意：做一个年轻的顾问令人感到劳累。
42、因此我们可以顺利选择选项D。选项A意为“证明做一个合格的年轻顾问的不可能性”，文章仅仅说该工作很累，并没说该工作不可能做好。选项C意为“表明年轻顾问工作时间很长”，这仅仅是一个事实，但并不能表达出引用麦肯锡的目的。选项B比较具有迷惑性，但“年轻顾问悲惨的生活”夸大了作者要表达的意思。综上所述，选项D为正确答案。(2).The underlined phrase “insecure over-achievers“(Para 2, Line 1)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.those who feel insecure of their life and futureB.those
43、 who are unemployed but trying to find a jobC.those who are working very hard to get a more stable job D.those who are very experienced and rich but feel insecure解析：解析：语义题要立足本句出处，结合邻近句子进行分析。所以该题答案原则上应该与“who are always worried that they haven“t done enough work”有关系，即与“那些总是担心自己工作做得不够的人”有关。能表达出这个意思的选项显
44、然只有选项C“那些为了得到更加稳定工作而努力工作的人”。结合该段最后一句的内容“take more settled jobs”，我们更加能确定选项C为正确答案。选项A意为“那些对生活和未来缺乏安全感的人”；选项B意为“那些正在找工作的失业者”；选项D意为“那些很有经验但缺乏安全感的有钱人”。这三项都是对文章的曲解。(3).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 3 ?（分数：2.00）A.Young people want to live in big cities.B.The best-paid jobs can be fo
45、und only in big cites.C.The first-class consultants generally work in big cities. D.Everything happens in London.解析：解析：选项A意为“年轻人想生活在大城市”，这似乎是人之常情，但跟原文“ambitiousyoung people”即“有抱负的年轻人”表达有差距。其实并不是所有年轻人都这么想。选项B中的 only一词将表达绝对化了，必须排除。文中并没有说“高薪工作只能在大城市找到”。选项D“伦敦应有尽有”只是作者表达的字面意思，只是一种夸大的描述。我们在选择答案的时候一方面要考虑到
46、忠实于原文，还要考虑到选项是否符合全文主题。综上所述，只有选项C“一流顾问常常在大城市工作”，与该段第一句“The elite consultancies have offices in bigcities”吻合。(4).The last two paragraphs tell us that_.（分数：2.00）A.the present system is to some degree favorable to both firms and consultants B.consultancies outside big cities need clever peopleC.consulta
47、nts like travelling because they want to become successfulD.consultancies prefer to run their business in remote areas解析：解析：从最后一段第一句就可以推测出“现行制度对大家都好”，最后一段第二句和第三句分别解释了现行制度对公司和员工(年轻顾问)双方的好处。所以选择选项A。选项B“大城市外的咨询公司需要聪明人”显然不是最后两段要表达的内容，而是倒数第三段一开头表达的内容。选项C意为“顾问喜欢旅行，是因为他们想变得成功”，而文章从来没有提到“顾问们喜欢旅游”，所以直接排除。选项D
48、意为“咨询公司喜欢在偏远地区做业务”，显然也是无中生有。综上所述，正确答案为选项A。(5).The best title of the passage could be_.（分数：2.00）A.Young Consultants and Their SuccessB.Young Consultants in Big CitiesC.Young Consultants in Remote AreasD.Young Consultants and Their Careers 解析：解析：选项A意为“年轻顾问和他们的成功”，其中 success一词在文章中并无明确提到并与consultant相联系，故该项可以排除。选项B和选项C都很片面，也可以排除；选项D“年轻顾问和他们的职业生涯”相比其他选项更全面一些，更符合主旨题的要求，故最佳答案为选项D。The human voice, like any sound produced by thrumming a stretched string, has a fundamental frequency. For voice, the centre of that frequency lies mostly below 300Hz depending on the speaker“s sex. In
