1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 204 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to wh
2、o people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good【B1】_ about the wearer s background, personality, status, mood, and 【B2】_ on life. People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes 【B3】_. Newscasters, or the【B4】_who read the news on TV, are considered to be more
3、【B5】_, honest, and competent when they are【B6】_conservatively. And college students who【B7】_themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are【B8】_about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully.【B9】_, many of us can relate instances in【B10】_the
4、clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a【B11】_situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance. In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achievin
5、g success. It has been【B12】_for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“【B13】_they should convey by their professional clothing. The【B14】_of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that 【B15】_ for men.
6、Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial【B16】_when the women display【B17】_“feminine grooming“shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain【B18】_clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An【B19】_woman is definitely going to get a longer interview,【B20】_she wont g
7、et a job.“（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.amountB.dealC.numberD.quantity(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.attitudeB.viewpointC.outlookD.remark(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.inferB.revealC.verifyD.mean(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.hostsB.announcersC.presentersD.reporters(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.promisingB.amusingC.convincingD.inspiring(6).【B6】（分数
8、：2.00）A.dressedB.wornC.decoratedD.costumed(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.assumeB.discernC.viewD.confirm(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.worriedB.concernedC.troubledD.shocked(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.ThenD.Moreover(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thatC.itD.this(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.horribleB.hopefulC.specialD.stressful
9、(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.contradictoryB.otherwiseC.indifferentD.possible(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.symbolsB.criteriaC.attributesD.figures(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.priorityB.reliabilityC.demandD.variety(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.desirableB.availableC.comparableD.liable(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.professionsB.worksC.positionsD.v
10、acancies(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.noC.lessD.much(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.tailoredB.furnishedC.knitD.purchased(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.attractiveB.optimisticC.aggressiveD.enthusiastic(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.soB.andC.orD.but二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirect
11、ions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._These days we hear lots of nonsense about the “great classless society“. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old
12、arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn t bear ou
13、t the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle
14、, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy “read meritocracy“; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. Wha
15、t is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools off
16、er unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be
17、almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their ab
18、ilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal
19、king or an educated peasant.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the same educational opportunities cant get rid of inequality because_.（分数：2.00）A.the principle survival of the fittest existsB.nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and abilityC.material rewards are for genuine abilityD.peopl
20、e have the freedom to educate their children(2).Who can obtain more rapid success?（分数：2.00）A.Those with wealth.B.Those with the best brains.C.Those with the best opportunities.D.Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.(3).New meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent because
21、_.（分数：2.00）A.money is a powerful weaponB.private schools offer advantages over state schoolsC.people are free to choose the way of educating their childrenD.wealth is used for political ends(4).According to the author, “class divisions“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the rich and the poorB.different opportun
22、ities for peopleC.oppressor and the oppressedD.genius and stupidity(5).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.B.Equality means money.C.There is no such society as classless society.D.Nature cant give you a
23、classless society.The methods of testing a person s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it i
24、s common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none . That is be
25、cause so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The
26、moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down b
27、y a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educa
28、ted; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time
29、. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiners. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest
30、that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.（分数：10.00）(1)
31、.The authors attitude towards examinations is_.（分数：2.00）A.abhorrentB.approvalC.criticalD.indifferent(2).What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Examinations leave so great pressure to the students.B.Anxiety-makers attach much importance to the examination.C.
32、The makers of examinations are more likely to be anxious.D.Examinations are the first in importance.(3).According to the author, the most important aspect of a good education is_.（分数：2.00）A.to encourage students to read widelyB.to train students to think on their ownC.to teach students how to tackle
33、 examsD.to master his fate(4).Why does the author mention the court?（分数：2.00）A.To give an example.B.To compare.C.To show that teachers evolutions depend on the results of examinations.D.To prove the results of court are more effective.(5).The main idea of this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.examinations exe
34、rt a detrimental influence on educationB.examinations are ineffectiveC.examinations are profitable for institutionsD.examinations are a burden on studentsA fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Severa
35、l studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language. The main animal model for vocal learning has been
36、 birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model o
37、f speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals. Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique t
38、o humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman
39、primates. Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and converging evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the deve
40、lopmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies. It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those
41、 encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication
42、 further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication. Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species
43、has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.（分数：10.00）(1).The example of birdsong acquisition is menti
44、oned to_.（分数：2.00）A.highlight the necessity of studying other suitable candidates among mammalsB.stress the urgency to find crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learningC.explain the severe limitations of birdsongD.emphasize that birds do not have the flexible supralar
45、yngeal structures that facilitate speech(2).We can infer from Paragraph 4 that_.（分数：2.00）A.nonhuman primates are of great significance in studying the fountain of speechB.the relationship between human speech and language is extremely complicatedC.fluent human conversation has no relationship with t
46、urn-takingD.the vocal tracts of the mammals can produce human-like vowels(3).The word “converging“ (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.assemblingB.deviatingC.convertingD.convicting(4).The author s attitude toward studying nonhuman primates is one of_.（分数：2.00）A.full approvalB.severe criti
47、cismC.passive acceptanceD.slight tolerance(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Learning from Monkey “Talk“B.Nonhuman PrimatesC.The Evolution of Human LanguageD.Seeking Multiple ModelsHere are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful l
48、ife. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your lifes strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits? Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you dont invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappin
