1、考研英语（二）-试卷 101及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Kelly Sortino had a tough time recalling what shed accomplished at the end of each
2、busy workday. Her job as head of the upper school for the Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, Calif, often【C1】_ working 12-hour days, including weekends and evenings. She enjoyed the【C2】_ but worried that she wasn t accomplishing everything she needed to. “I felt as if I wasn t really ha
3、ving the time to do more of the strategic and【C3】_work to make those larger changes at the school.“ says Ms. Sortino. She decided to【C4】_a workshop at Stanford University on how to simplify work processes and reduce waste. She learned, 【C5】_, to block out her time more efficiently and minimize distr
4、actions. She also【C6】_ herself to systematically completing her daily task list and to completely clearing her email inbox and workspace on a regular【C7】_. The changes 【C8】_a marked improvement in her time management. Ms. Sortino【C9】_works on weekends, but only as needed. Its a tough time to be prod
5、uctive. Globalization, increased competition and the jarring immediacy of technology have made it difficult for modern employees to【C10】_on top of their growing workloads while maintaining a good work-life balance. 【C11】_, experts say small adjustments to how employees 【C12】_work can have a big impa
6、ct on their workplace efficiency.Learn to prioritize and to commit yourself to working in【C13】_blocks of time throughout the day. A 2009 Stanford University study found that multitasking is less productive than single-tasking and that many self-proclaimed multitaskers have difficulty【C14】_out irrele
7、vant information, further【C15】_their performance. Its especially important to【C16】_what motivates the decisions your boss makes. Most subordinates have an employee-centric view【C17】_their managers, which tends not to be accurate. A better understanding of your boss can help you to “sell“ the advice
8、about【C18】_changes that can benefit the department and company.【C19】_with your boss to prioritize important work and eliminate unproductive tasks. Employees may think changing job functions is risky,【C20】_being proactive can impress your boss.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.requiredB.forcedC.compelledD
9、.requested(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.titleB.overtimeC.recallD.work(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.complicatedB.visioningC.importantD.regular(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.participateB.haveC.startD.take(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.by the wayB.in factC.for exampleD.in particular(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.contributeB.commitC.askD.allow(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
10、A.scaleB.amountC.basisD.time(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.madeB.followedC.meantD.produced(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.alsoC.seldomD.sometimes(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.relaxB.competeC.stayD.work(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.FortunatelyD.Otherwise(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.stick toB.think aboutC.start withD.take ov
11、er(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.uninterruptedB.individualC.countableD.separated(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.figuringB.findingC.pickingD.filtering(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.diminishC.accumulateD.destroy(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.guessB.understandC.collectD.imagine(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.inB.onC.forD.of(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A
12、.processB.timeC.staffD.system(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.AccompanyB.OperateC.FollowD.Work(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.butB.andC.soD.unless二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
13、B, C or D._Across the country, districts are struggling with shortages of teachers, particularly in math, science and special educationa result of the layoffs of the recession years combined with an improving economy in which fewer people are training to be teachers. At the same time, a growing numb
14、er of English-language learners are entering public schools, yet it is increasingly difficult to find bilingual teachers. So schools are looking for applicants everywhere they canwhether out of state or out of countryand wooing candidates earlier and quicker. Some are even asking prospective teacher
15、s to train on the job, hiring novices still studying for their teaching credentials, with little, if any, classroom experience. Louisville, Ky.; Nashville; Oklahoma City; and Providence, R.I., are among the large urban school districts having trouble finding teachers, according to the Council of the
16、 Great City Schools, which represents large urban districts. Just one month before the opening of classes, Charlotte, N.C., was desperately trying to fill 200 vacancies. Nationwide, many teachers were laid off during the recession, but the situation was particularly acute in California, which lost 8
17、2,000 jobs in schools from 2008 to 2012, according to Labor Department figures. This academic year, districts have to fill 21,500 slots, according to estimates from the California Department of Education, while the state is issuing fewer than 15,000 new teaching credentials a year. “We are no longer
18、 in a layoff situation,“ said Monica Vasquez, chief human resources officer for the San Francisco Unified School District, which offered early contracts to 140 teachers last spring in a bid to secure candidates before other districts snapped them up. “But there is an impending teacher shortage,“ Ms.
19、 Vasquez added, before correcting herself: “Its not impending. Its here.“ With state budgets rallying after the recession, spending on public schools is slowly recovering, helping to fuel some of the hiring. In California, Gov. Jerry Brown persuaded voters in 2012 to pass a sales and income tax meas
20、ure that raised funding for public schools. But educators say that during the recession and its aftermath prospective teachers became wary of accumulating debt or training for jobs that might not exist. As the economy has recovered, college graduates have more employment options with better pay and
21、a more glamorous image, like in a rebounding technology sector.（分数：10.00）(1).It is indicated in Paragraph 1 that_.（分数：2.00）A.the shortages of teachers is related to the layoffs of the recession yearsB.the number of people who are training to be teachers is increasingC.the growing number of English-l
22、anguage learners makes it easier to find teachersD.many schools are carrying out a loose policy for hiring teachers(2).Charlotte, N.C. is cited as an example of_.（分数：2.00）A.population explosionB.high demand to teachersC.the shortage of teachers in urban school districtsD.enough vacancies in big citi
23、es(3).Ms. Vasquez would most likely agree that_.（分数：2.00）A.we are still in a layoff situationB.schools begin to hire teachers earlyC.the teacher shortage will happen in the futureD.the recession is making the situation worse(4).It is suggested that the sales and income tax measure is for_.（分数：2.00）A
24、.reducing expensesB.improving the teaching qualityC.collecting money for public schoolsD.gaining the public s votes(5).Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?（分数：2.00）A.The measures for teachers shortage.B.The reform of American public schools.C.The situation of teacher
25、 shortage in America.D.The results of teacher shortage in America.On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhoodalone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she ca
26、me home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. She had taken possession of her new environment, and was keen to teach us things we didnt know. When this story
27、comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their children might roam around without adult supervision. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles, has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their leis
28、ure time at home. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by adults. Such narrowing of the childs world has happened across the developed world. But Germany is generally much more accepting of letting children take some risks. To this German parent, it seems that Americas midd
29、le class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level. “We are depriving them of opportunities to learn how to take control of their own lives,“ writes Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College. He argues that this increases “the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, a
30、nd so on,“ which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. He sees risky, outside play of children among themselves without adult supervision as a way of learning to control strong emotions like anger and fear. I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I wont be around forever to prote
31、ct my girl from the challenges life holds in store for her, so the earlier she develop the intellectual maturity to navigate the world, the better. And by giving kids more control over their lives, they learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities. It is hard for parents to balance the de
32、sire to protect their children against the desire to make them more self-reliant. And every one of us has to decide for himself what level of risk he is ready to accept. But parents who prefer to keep their children always in sight and under their thumbs should consider what sort of trade-offs are i
33、nvolved in that choice.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about the authors daughter?（分数：2.00）A.She went out without adult supervision.B.She knew where the little park was located.C.She visited her new neighbors and made some friends.D.She had more ideas about the surroundings than the
34、 author.(2).Different from American kids, German kids_.（分数：2.00）A.are allowed to be faced with some risksB.spend about 10% of their free time at homeC.will be overprotected when moved in AmericaD.are more self-reliant than kids in any other developed countries(3).According to Peter Gray, overprotect
35、ion may lead to_.（分数：2.00）A.underlying risksB.mental disordersC.adolescent rebellionD.emotional problems(4).The authors attitude towards loosening the control over kids is_.（分数：2.00）A.confidentB.objectiveC.criticalD.supportive(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be_.（分数：2.00）A.The Case
36、 for Free-range ParentingB.The Drawback of Adult SupervisionC.Protection or Hands-off ManagementD.American Parenting vs. German ParentingBill Gates was 20 years old. Steve Jobs was 21. Warren Buffett was 26. Ralph Lauren was 28. Estee Lauder was 29. These now iconic names were all 20-somethings when
37、 they started their companies that would throw them, and their enterprises, into some of the biggest successes ever known. Consider this: many of the truly remarkable innovations of the latest generationa list that includes Google, Facebook and Twitterwere all founded by people under 30. The number
38、of people in their mid-20s disrupting entire industries, taking on jobs usually reserved for people twice their age and doing it in the glare of millions of social media “followers“ seems to be growing very rapidly. So what is it about that youthful decade after those awkward teenage years that insp
39、ires such shoot-for-the-moon success? Does age really have something to do with it? It does . Young people bring fresh eyes to confronting problems and challenges that others have given up on. 20-something entrepreneurs see no boundaries and see no limits. And they can make change happen. Peter Thie
40、l, the co-founder of PayPal, has another, colder theory that may explain it: Ultimately, its about money. In other words, its the young people who have nothing to lose, with no mortgage and, frankly, with nothing to do on a Friday night except work, who are the ones often willing to take the biggest
41、 risks. Sure, they are talented. But its their persistence and zeal, the desire to stay up until 6 a.m. chugging Red Bull, that is the difference between being a salaried employee and an entrepreneur. Thats not to say that most 20-somethings are finding success. Theyre not. The latest crop of uber-s
42、uccessful young entrepreneurs, designers and authors are far, far from the norm. In truth, unemployment for workers age 16 to 24 is double the national average. One of the biggest challenges facing this next generationand one that may prevent more visionary entrepreneurs from succeedingis the stagge
43、ring rise in the level of debt college students have been left with. If Peter Thiels theory is right, it is going to be harder and harder for young people to take big risks because they will be crushed with obligations before they even begin. If youre over 29 years old and still havent made your wor
44、ld-changing mark, dont despair. Some older people have had big breakthroughs, too. Thomas Edison didnt invent the phonograph until he was 30.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is used to show_.（分数：2.00）A.various famous menB.the age of foundersC.the success of enterprisesD.the success of 20-somethings
45、(2).Which of the following statements cannot explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.20-something entrepreneurs can drive change.B.20-something entrepreneurs have new perspectives.C.20-something entrepreneurs do not need to worry about money.D.20-something entrepreneurs believe the
46、re is no obstacle that they cant hurdle.(3).All of the following are differences between being salaried employees and entrepreneurs EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.their zealB.their talentC.their persistenceD.their desire to stay up(4).The biggest challenge that may stop more visionary entrepreneurs from succeed
47、ing is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are confronted with increasing obligationsB.their debts run up alarmingly and very unsteadilyC.they have more mortgage than other college studentsD.they have far less wealth than their parents did at the same age(5).With regard to 20-somethings success, we can learn from
48、 the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.they succeed because of having moneyB.older people can hardly make breakthroughsC.it is uncommon among most young peopleD.it is common in the field of information science and technologyWomen have been driving yellow cabs in New York since the 1940s, but 99% of drivers are male. Even among drivers of cars booked by phone or online, only 4% are women. That may change with the launch of SheTaxis, an app that let
