1、考研英语（二）-试卷 102 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A new economics paper has some old-fashioned advice for people navigating the stre
2、sses of life: Find a spouse who is also your best friend. Social scientists have long known that【C1】_ people tend to be happier, but they debate whether that is because marriage causes happiness or simply because happier people are more【C2】_ to get married. The new paper, 【C3】_by the National Bureau
3、 of Economic Research, controlled for pre-marriage happiness levels. It【C4】_that being married makes people happier and more satisfied【C5】_their lives than those who remain singleparticularly during the most stressful periods, like【C6】_crises. Even as fewer people are marrying, the disadvantages of
4、remaining single have broad【C7】_. Its important【C8】_marriage is increasingly a force behind inequality.【C9】_marriages are more common among educated, high-income people, and increasingly out of reach for those who are not. That divide appears to【C10】_not just people s income and family stability, bu
5、t also their happiness and stress levels. A quarter of todays young adults will have never married by 2030, which would be the highest【C11】_ in modern history, according to Pew Research Center.【C12】_both remaining unmarried and divorcing are more common among less-educated, lower-income people. 【C13
6、】_, high-income people still marry at high rates and are less likely to divorce. Those whose lives are most difficult could 【C14】_most from marriage, according to the economists who wrote the new paper, John Helliwell and Shawn Grover. “Marriage may be most important when there is that stress in lif
7、e and when things are going【C15】_,“ Mr. Grover said. 【C16】_marital happiness long outlasted the honeymoon period.【C17】_some social scientists have argued that happiness levels are innate, so people return to their natural level of well-being【C18】_joyful or upsetting events, the researchers found tha
8、t the benefits of marriage persist. One【C19】_for that might be the role of friendship within marriage. Those who【C20】_their spouse or partner to be their best friend get about twice as much life satisfaction from marriage as others, the study found.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.singleB.engagedC.marri
9、edD.divorced(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.eagerB.likelyC.easyD.excited(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.madeB.studiedC.foundD.published(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.deniedB.concludedC.doubtedD.imagined(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.withB.fromC.byD.in(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.financialB.midlifeC.academicD.quarterlife(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.necessitiesB.transmi
10、ssionsC.implicationsD.significances(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.becauseC.soD.if(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.StableB.NormalC.ConstantD.Poor(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.affectB.promoteC.lowerD.control(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.figureB.rateC.scoreD.share(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.EvenB.StillC.YetD.And(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.EducatedB.Inte
11、lligentC.DignifiedD.Knowledgeable(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.stealB.chooseC.benefitD.suffer(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.wrongB.badC.greatD.well(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.FortunatelyB.UnexpectedlyC.IntriguinglyD.Surprisingly(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.UnlessB.HenceC.UntilD.Though(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.afterB.beforeC.duringD.withi
12、n(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.optionB.reasonC.resultD.tendency(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.believeB.seeC.considerD.regard二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Web art
13、 has been “accepted“ by traditional institutions, critics and thus the general public because it “fits“ into our culture and society, a society which has been groomed by postmodern ideals. Thus web art has not been subjected to “cultural limbo“ as photography had for a century and a half by the cons
14、traints imposed by modernism. The postmodernists embraced the idea that technology, especially reproductive mediums, would radically affect the perception of art. The rejection of traditional notions created a strong affinity towards new genres for postmodernists. The support given by postmodernism
15、to technological art forms has played an important role in redefining the value of web-based mediums today. The nature of web-based art facilitates this acceptance. The infinite reproducibility of the web art form reaffirms postmodern deconstruction of the “unique existence“ of the art object and th
16、us its exuded authority and authentic value. Web art has crossed the boundaries of what was once the “unreproducibility of the aesthetic original“ and introduced a world that exists free from the concept of either the original or the copy. Web art also elevates the viewer to the level of interactive
17、 creator and thus promote the process of artistic realization. Because of the interactive nature of web art, the viewer has ultimately replaced the artist, thus confirming Barthes theory of “death of the author“. The existence of web art in a non-physical, temporal realm also contributes to the reje
18、ction of the modern value of the spatial art object. The audience understands the virtuality of this technology as it pervades daily life on the net. Finally, the inherent makeup of the Internet as a catalog of information, coded language, and raw data, allows web art to present art as text and equa
19、lly text as art. The limitless interchangeability of text and web art constitutes the revelation of postmodern theorists that the meaning of art can only be found through the relationship of the “world outside the text that is nevertheless inscribed in the text“. Postmodern ideals set forth the curr
20、ent societys methodology of valuing art and thus new art forms. It is because web art so accurately mirrors the canons of postmodernism, that it is such a favored form in the art world. Web arts acceptance and popularity exist because it is a concept as much as it is a “tool“. Web art, like photogra
21、phy, is an instrument reiterating the values posed by postmodernists in order to reject traditional mediums. The opposition of tradition powers our society forward to seek out new ways to explain old ideas and explore new questions that pervade our environment.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, ph
22、otography had been subjected to_.（分数：2.00）A.cultural worksB.cultural heritageC.cultural confinementD.cultural standard(2).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Postmodernists believe that web-based mediums will influence the perception of art.B.Traditional notions of art
23、 have been completely discarded.C.Web-based mediums are defined by postmodernists.D.Traditional art has been greatly left behind by the technology.(3).According to the third Paragraph, web art_.（分数：2.00）A.redefines the concept of the art objectB.is infinitely reproducibleC.changes a viewer into an a
24、rtistD.will replace the unreproducible aesthetic original(4).The word “pervades“ (Para. 4) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.diffusesB.dependsC.undertakesD.digs(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Postmodernists put forward an approach of valuing art.B.Web art is universally accept
25、ed because of its reproducibility.C.Web art is more a concept than a tool in art world.D.Web art is the only instrument to reject traditional mediums.Yawning can be a problem at the office for Lindsay Eierman, which makes her embarrassed. “Ive explained, Im sorry, I didnt get much sleep last night,“
26、 says Ms Eierman, a 26-year-old social worker from Durham, North Carolina. But a lack of sleep may not be the problem. Researchers are starting to unravel the mystery surrounding the yawn, one of the most common and often embarrassing behaviours. Yawning, they have discovered, is much more complicat
27、ed than previously thought. Although all yawns look the same, they appear to have many different causes and to serve a variety of functions. Yawning is believed to be a means to keep our brains alert in times of stress. Contagious yawning appears to have evolved in many animal species as a way to pr
28、otect family and friends, by keeping everyone in the group vigilant. Changes in brain chemistry trigger yawns, which typically last about six seconds and often occur in clusters. To unravel the mystery of yawning, scientists built upon early, observed clues. Yawning tends to occur more in summer. Mo
29、st people yawn upon seeing someone else do it, but infants and people with autism or schizophrenia arent so affected by this contagion effect. And certain people yawn at surprising times, like parachutists who are about to jump out of a plane or Olympic athletes getting ready to compete. A leading h
30、ypothesis is that yawning plays an important role in keeping the brain at its cool, optimal working temperature. The brain is particularly sensitive to overheating, according to Andrew Gallup, an assistant professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Oneonta. Reaction times slow an
31、d memory wanes when the brain s temperature varies even less than a degree from the ideal 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. There are some practical applications. Dr. Gallup said managers might want to keep in mind the brain-cooling role of yawning when a meeting is long and boring. “One way to diminish yawn
32、ing frequency in an office would be to keep it air-conditioned. If it s very cold in the room, yawning rates are going to be quite low,“ Dr. Gallup said.（分数：10.00）(1).Lindsay Eierman says she didnt sleep well last night because_.（分数：2.00）A.yawning is her problemB.her colleague doesnt forgive herC.sh
33、e feels very sorry for yawning at the officeD.she regards sleep deprivation as the reason of yawning(2).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true about yawning?（分数：2.00）A.It always happens in groupsB.It makes people relax under pressureC.It is caused by changes in brain chemistryD
34、.It usually lasts approximately six seconds(3).The word “contagion“ (Para. 4) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.spreadingB.learningC.protectionD.imitation(4).According to Dr. Gallup, people in a meeting may yawn when_.（分数：2.00）A.the meeting room is overheatedB.other people around them yawnC.a meeting
35、is brief and interestingD.the air-conditioner temperature is lowered(5).The passage mainly discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.the rates of yawningB.the misconceptions of yawningC.the secrets of yawningD.the applications of yawningNot too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to soci
36、ologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious“ is not tr
37、ue. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors
38、you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city
39、residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psy
40、chological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors
41、are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists
42、have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drags, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for
43、leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements best des
44、cribes the organization of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Two contrasting views are presented.B.An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C.Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D.A detailed description of the difference between urban and sma
45、ll-town life is given.(2).According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _.（分数：2.00）A.did not have the same interests as their neighborsB.could not develop long-standing relationshipsC.tended to be associated with bad behaviorD.usually had more friends(3).One of the conse
46、quences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_（分数：2.00）A.disrupt people s natural relationsB.make them worry about crimeC.cause them not to show concern for one anotherD.cause them to the suspicious of each other(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a commu
47、nity is_.（分数：2.00）A.the better its quality of lifeB.the more similar its interestsC.the more tolerant and open-minded it isD.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites
48、 and small town dwellers.B.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small townsC.The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger children-ages 6 to 11being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older childrenages 12 to 17one of the la
