1、考研英语（二）-试卷 106及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking e
2、xperience. It is a paradox that the snow, coming【C1】_ gently, blowing gleefully in a high wind, all the while【C2】_ down a treacherous carpet, freezes the windows,【C3】_ the view. The might of automated man is【C4】_ . The horses, the powerful electrical systems, the deep-tread tires, all go【C5】_ nothin
3、g. One minute the road feels【C6】_ , and the next the driver is sliding over it, light as a【C7】_ , in a panic, wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up【C8】_ the rear are going to do. The trucks are like【C9】_ when you have to pass them, not at sixty or seventy【C10】_ you do when the road is dr
4、y, but at twenty-five and thirty. 【C11】_ their engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow, slush and【C12】_ of ice spray from beneath the wheels, obscure the windshield, and rattle【C13】_ your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of 【C14】_ for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch【C15】_ inch you mo
5、ve up, past the rear wheels, the center wheels, the cab, the front wheels, all【C16】_ too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue, 【C17】_ to cut over sharply would send you into a slip,【C18】_ in front of the vehicle. At last, there is 【C19】_ enough, and you creep back over, in front of the truck now,
6、but【C20】_ the sound of its engine still thundering in your ears.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.upB.offC.downD.on(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.liesB.laysC.settlesD.sends(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.blocksB.strikesC.puffsD.cancels(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.mutedB.discoveredC.doubledD.undervalued(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.forB.withC.intoD.f
7、rom(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.comfortableB.weakC.riskyD.firm(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.loafB.featherC.leafD.fog(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.beneathB.fromC.underD.beyond(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.dwarfsB.giantsC.patientsD.princesses(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.sinceC.asD.that(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.SoB.ButC.OrD.Then(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.fl
8、akesB.flocksC.chipsD.cakes(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.ontoB.againstC.offD.along(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.snowB.earthC.roomD.ice(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.byB.afterC.forD.with(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.climbingB.crawlingC.windingD.sliding(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.meanwhileB.unlessC.whereasD.for(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.sheerB.mostlyC
9、.rarelyD.right(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.mightB.distanceC.airD.power(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.withB.likeC.insideD.upon二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._High-
10、quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangersand anyone who will listen. Store managers are often
11、the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school. “Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,“ said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group
12、. “The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement. On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resul
13、ting “snowball effect“ can be disastrous to retailers. According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems.Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, over-locat
14、ed racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting (业余兼职的) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidan
15、ce eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales repres
16、entatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. “Retailers whore responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who arent so friendly,“ said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a gr
17、eeter at the store entrance would help. “ Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are store managers oft
18、en the last to hear complaints?（分数：2.00）A.Most customers wont bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.B.Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C.Few customers believe the service will be improved.D.Customers have no easy access to store man
19、agers.(2).What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “. the shopper must also find a replacement“ (Line 2, Para. 4)?（分数：2.00）A.New customers are bound to replace old ones.B.It is not likely that the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C.Most stores provide the same kind of service.D.Not
20、 complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.(3).Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers（分数：2.00）A.can stay longer browsing in the storeB.wont have trouble parking their carsC.wont have any worries about securityD.can find their cars easil
21、y after shopping(4).What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?（分数：2.00）A.Manners of the salespeople.B.Hiring of efficient employees.C.Huge supply of goods for sale.D.Design of the store layout.(5).To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to_.（分数：2.00）A.exert
22、pressure on stores to improve their serviceB.settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC.voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD.shop around and make comparisons between storesCrippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care p
23、hysician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U. S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing th
24、e specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctorstwo primary care physicians and five specialistsin a given year. Contrary to
25、popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they p
26、erform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed(返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times mo
27、re than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to comp
28、romise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newl
29、y graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50% . This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for
30、 primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳地) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconc
31、iling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, wi
32、ll rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them?（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred that the authors chief concern about the current U. S. health care system is_.（分数：2.00）A.the inadequate training of physiciansB.the declining number of doctorsC.the ever-rising health care costsD.the shrinki
33、ng primary care resources.(2).We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that_.（分数：2.00）A.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsB.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthC.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the betterD.the more costly the medicine,
34、 the more effective the cure.(3).Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to_.（分数：2.00）A.see more patients at the expense of qualityB.improve their expertise and serviceC.make various deals with specialistsD.increase their income by worki
35、ng overtime(4).Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?（分数：2.00）A.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.B.The current system works against primary care.C.They find the need for primary care declining.D.Primary care physicians command less respect.(5).W
36、hat suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?（分数：2.00）A.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.B.Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.C.Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.D.Bridge the salary gap between s
37、pecialists and primary care physicians.It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations(附属机构) from the paper and send it to t
38、heir peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. No longer. The Internetand pressure from
39、funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far
40、-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element o
41、f scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Ass
42、ociation of Scientific Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly jou
43、rnals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access pu
44、blishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives(档案) , where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories(仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids
45、of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of pape
46、rs.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.the background information of journal editing.B.the publication routine of laboratory reports.C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.D.the traditional process of journal publication.(2).Which of the following is tr
47、ue of the OECD report?（分数：2.00）A.It criticizes government-funded research.B.It introduces an effective means of publication.C.It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D.It facilitates public investment in scientific research.(3).According to the text, online publication is significant in that_.（分数
48、：2.00）A.it provides an easier access to scientific results.B.it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.C.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D.it facilitates public investment in scientific research.(4).With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（分数：2.00）A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review befo
