1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 134 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But
2、 research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in and【C1】_itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an 【C2】_ mood to a better relationship, can be the result of the 【C3】_ act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available. Even when you aren
3、t feeling happy, smile can help【C4】_your mood. Darwin hypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our 【C5】_ expressions can influence our【C6】_experience, something he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has 【C7】_ Darwin s assertion that expressions do not just resul
4、t from moods, but actually influence them. Smiling more may actually【C8】_your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by 【C9】_ heart rate after stressful events. So,【C10】_smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add【C11】_ye
5、ars to your life. People who smile more tend to be more【C12】_, joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more successful【C13】_. An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. The
6、larger the smile, the【C14】_likely divorce was later in life.【C15】_, those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced. When Mother Teresa said “Every time you smile at someone, it is . a【C16】_to that person, a beautiful thing“, she was right. One study【C17】_by H
7、ewlett Packard found that seeing anothers smile stimulated the heart and【C18】_more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true【C19】_viewing the smile of a child. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the Sca
8、ndinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimicry, the tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to【C20】_when someone else is smiling.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.onB.withC.byD.of(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.impressedB.improvedC.importantD.imposed(3).【C3
9、】（分数：2.00）A.pureB.easyC.simpleD.brief(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.sackB.shiftC.slipD.switch(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.facialB.superficialC.externalD.inner(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.inwardB.outwardC.emotionalD.explicit(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.formalizedB.declaredC.implementedD.validated(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.executeB.expandC.examineD.e
10、xpect(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.acceleratingB.decreasingC.facilitatingD.increasing(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.leadingB.addingC.contributingD.resorting(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.a littleB.littleC.fewD.a few(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB.dispassionateC.severeD.cautious(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.careerB.lifespanC.marriageD.fri
11、endship(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.moreB.worseC.lessD.better(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.ConsequentlyB.MoreoverC.ConverselyD.Otherwise(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.giftB.regardC.wishD.grace(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.discoveredB.convertedC.preparedD.conducted(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.stomachB.brainC.mindsetD.desire(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A
12、.yetB.whenC.thoughD.unless(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.sneerB.blinkC.frownD.breathe二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Warren Buffett, who on May 3rd hosts
13、the folksy extravaganza that is Berkshire Hathaways annual shareholders meeting, is an icon of American capitalism. At 83, he also embodies a striking demographic trend: for highly skilled people to go on working well into what was once thought to be old age. Across the rich world, well-educated peo
14、ple increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor that
15、 is slicing through all age groups. Rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. Those at the top are working longer hours each year than those at the bottom. And the well-qualified are extending their working lives, compared with those of les
16、s-educated people. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, wherea
17、s older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that u
18、sed to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with stingier defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also pla
19、ys a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than their predecessors. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, fro
20、m management expertise to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Government budgets will be in better shape, as high earners pay taxes for longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older p
21、eople will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other places. At the other end of the social scale, however, things look grim. Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial. Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings, which will weaken demand. Inequality will increase and a growing
22、 share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance, entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, Warren Buffett hosting the folksy extravaganza at 83 indicates that_.（分数：2.00）A.the demographic development
23、 is shockingB.he is the representative figure of American capitalismC.the highly skilled continue to work as they grow olderD.Berkshire Hathaways shareholders meeting is held once a year(2).The deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor is revealed in the following as
24、pects EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.revenueB.working livesC.working hoursD.the global population(3).If well-educated folk postponed retirement, who would be influenced?（分数：2.00）A.the unskilled youngB.the idle oldC.the working youngD.baby-boomers(4).As mentioned in Paragraph 3 and 4, which is NOT the reason of
25、the gap between the well-educated and the unskilled?（分数：2.00）A.policyB.countryC.labor skillsD.the changing nature of work(5).In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on_.（分数：2.00）A.a vivid account of global ageingB.a detailed description of positive impa
26、ctC.other possible reasons for the deepening divide in U.S.D.one likely solution such as imposing higher inheritance taxesPsychologists have known for a century that individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like some people, reliably smarter than others? In order to answer t
27、hat question, we grouped 697 volunteer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were selected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called upon to solve in the real world. One task involved logical analys
28、is, another brainstorming; others emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning. Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its generality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have good math skills, even though we often think of those abilities
29、as distinct. The results of our studies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task did well on the others, too. In other words, some teams were simply smarter than others. We found the smartest teams were distinguished b
30、y three characteristics. First, their members contributed more equally to the team s discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes, which measures how well people can read complex emotional sta
31、tes from images of faces with only the eyes visible. Finally, teams with more women outperformed teams with more men. This last effect, however, was partly explained by the fact that women, on average, were better at “mindreading“ than men. In a new study, we replicated these earlier findings. We ra
32、ndomly assigned each of 68 teams to complete our collective intelligence test in one of two conditions. Half of the teams worked face to face. The other half worked online, with no ability to see any of their teammates. We wanted to see whether groups that worked online would still demonstrate colle
33、ctive intelligence, and whether social ability would matter as much when people communicated purely by typing messages into a browser. And they did. Online and off, some teams consistently worked smarter than others. More surprisingly, the most important ingredients for a smart team remained constan
34、t regardless of its mode of interaction: members who communicated a lot, participated equally and possessed good emotion-reading skills.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.some groups are really smarter than othersB.the 697 volunteer participants need to comple
35、te a series of short tasks togetherC.the selected short tasks must have practical significanceD.logical analysis and brainstorming are important in each task(2).According to psychologists, individual intelligence_.（分数：2.00）A.is characterized by generalityB.is related to math skillsC.is not related t
36、o teamsD.is key to smarter teams(3).According to the author, the characteristics of smarter teams include all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.the members have relatively equal contribution to the team s discussionsB.the members have a higher IQC.the members have a stronger ability of reading compl
37、ex facial expressionsD.there are more female members than other teams(4).In a new study, the other half of people work online because_.（分数：2.00）A.it s necessary to ensure the accuracy of the experimentB.online collaboration is becoming more and more importantC.the experimenters want to see whether c
38、ollective intelligence will be showedD.the experimenters want to prove social ability is vital to every team(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.How to Develop a Smarter TeamB.Why Some Teams Are Smarter Than OthersC.The Characteristics of Smarter TeamD.What Factors can Affect a Team
39、Many of the tech industry s biggest companies, like Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft, are jockeying to become the leader for artificial intelligence(A.I.). In the industrys term, the companies are engaged in a “platform war.“ A platform, in technology, is essentially a piece of software that other
40、companies build on and that consumers cannot do without. Become the platform and huge profits will follow. Microsoft dominated personal computers because its Windows software became the center of the consumer software world. Google has come to dominate the Internet through its ubiquitous search bar.
41、 If true believers in A.I. are correct that this long-promised technology is ready for the mainstream, the company that controls A.I. could steer the tech industry for years to come. “Whoever wins this race will dominate the next stage of the information age,“ said Pedro Domingos, a machine learning
42、 specialist and the author of “The Master Algorithm,“ a 2015 book that contends that A.I. and big-data technology will remake the world. In this fightno doubt in its early stagesthe big tech companies are engaged in tit-for-tat publicity stunts, circling the same start-ups that could provide the tec
43、hnology pieces they are missing and, perhaps most important, trying to hire the same brains. Fei-Fei Li, a Stanford University professor who is an expert in computer vision, said one of her Ph.D. candidates had an offer for a job paying more than $1 million a year, and that was only one of four from
44、 big and small companies. For years, tech companies have used man-versus-machine competitions to show they are making progress on A.I. In 1997, an IBM computer beat the chess champion Garry Kasparov. Five years ago, IBM went even further when its Watson system won a three-day match on the television
45、 trivia show “Jeopardy!“ Today, Watson is the centerpiece of IBMs A.I. efforts. By 2020, the market for machine learning applications will reach $40 billion, IDC, a market research firm, estimates. And 60 percent of those applications, the firm predicts, will run on the platform software of four com
46、paniesAmazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft. Intelligent software applications will become commonplace, said Jeff Dean, a computer scientist who oversees Googles A.I. development. “And machine learning will touch every industry.“（分数：10.00）(1).The reason for Microsoft controlling personal computers is th
47、at_.（分数：2.00）A.it has formed a good platformB.its software has gained a lot of moneyC.its Windows software became popular among consumersD.its software has been widely used in search bar(2).Google can steer the tech industry in the future on premise that_.（分数：2.00）A.it has controlled the InternetB.A
48、.I. has prepared to be the mainstreamC.it has won in the information ageD.A.I. and big-data technology have become mature(3).The text takes “Fei-Fei Li“ as an example in Paragraph 3 to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.the competition between tech companies is fierceB.the candidates from famous universities are more popularC.the higher the pay is, the more likely the candidate is to accept the offerD.perhaps tech companies are striving for the same talents(4).In which
