1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 131 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In some countries, societal and familial treatment of the elderly usually refl
2、ects a great degree of independence and individualism. Their【C1】_support is often provided by social security or welfare systems, which【C2】_dependence on their family. 【C3】_. older people may seek their own friends【C4】_become too emotionally dependent on their children. Senior citizens centers provi
3、de a(n) 【C5】_for peer-group association within one“s own age groups. There are problems, 【C6】_, with growing old, in the United States. Glorification of youth and【C7】_to the aged have left many older people alienated and alone. Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than【C8
4、them into the homes of the children or grandchildren This【C9】_of the elderly from the young has contributed【C10】_the isolation of an increasingly large segment of society. On the other hand, there are many older people who【C11】_to live in retirement communities【C12】_they have the companionship of
5、other older people and【C13】_of many recreational and social activities close to home. The【C14】_of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family structures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists【C15】_the father, the mother, and the child
6、ren, is considered “the family“. The extended family, 【C16】_in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and children in law. The【C17】_between the nuclear and extended family is important【C18】_it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended fa
7、milies the children and parents have【C19】_ties and obligations to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members, 【C20】_intensive contact with relatives, and to establish communal housing.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.commercialB.financialC.monetaryD.economical(2).【C2】（分数：2
8、00）A.declineB.shrinkC.decreaseD.contract(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.AccordinglyB.HoweverC.AdditionallyD.Consequently(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.despiteB.rather thanC.overD.instead of(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.requestC.meansD.obligation(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.subsequentlyC.howeverD.furthermore(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.d
9、egradationB.indifferenceC.humiliationD.degeneration(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.integrateB.divideC.agitateD.disturb(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.selectionB.discriminationC.separationD.prejudice(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.toC.forD.with(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.forceB.imposeC.chooseD.hate(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.in whereC.wher
10、eD.which(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.convenienceB.revivalC.liberationD.luxury(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.entertainmentB.recreationC.treatmentD.amusement(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inB.ofC.withD.into(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.commonB.equalC.averageD.special(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.balanceB.selectionC.connectionD.distinction(18).【C1
11、8】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.whileC.whenD.if(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.strongB.weakC.fierceD.violent(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.havingB.to haveC.haveD.hadNow custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely【C1】_of investigation, but
12、custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other 【C2】_around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is【C3】_detailed behavior more astonishing than【C4】_any person can ever evolve in individual actions. 【C5】_that is a rather trivial aspec
13、t of the matter. The fact【C6】_first-rate importance is the 【C7】_role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may【C8】_. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it【C9】_by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in h
14、is【C10】_probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have【C11】_to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in【C12】_the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which
15、 he can affect traditional custom, is【C13】_the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those【C14】_of his own baby talk that are【C15】_into the language of his family. 【C16】_one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the fig
16、ure becomes no more than an【C17】_and matter-of-fact observation. The【C18】_history of the individual is first and【C19】_an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally【C20】_in his community.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.rewarding(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.pathB.wayC.routeD.
17、avenue(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.a number ofB.a great many ofC.a sum ofD.a mass of(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.In additionB.ThereforeC.YetD.Then(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.inB.ofC.atD.to(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.trivialC.predominantD.inferior(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.manifestB.illustrateC.r
18、evealD.indicate(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.educatedB.editedC.enlightenedD.eased(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.religiousB.physicalC.philosophicalD.emotional(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.attributionB.referenceC.reflectionD.refreshment(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.meltingB.shapingC.wieldingD.welding(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.asB.becauseC.though
19、D.that(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.wordsB.lessonsC.lecturesD.instructions(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.added upB.taken outC.taken overD.taken up(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.BecauseB.WhenC.BeforeD.Although(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.exactB.roughC.toughD.raw(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.recreationB.educationC.emotionD.life(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）
20、A.utmostB.formerC.foremostD.latest(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.handed outB.handed overC.handed inD.handed down考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 131 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A
21、 B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In some countries, societal and familial treatment of the elderly usually reflects a great degree of independence and individualism. Their【C1】_support is often provided by social security or welfare systems, which【C2】_dependence on their family. 【C3】_. older people may seek
22、 their own friends【C4】_become too emotionally dependent on their children. Senior citizens centers provide a(n) 【C5】_for peer-group association within one“s own age groups. There are problems, 【C6】_, with growing old, in the United States. Glorification of youth and【C7】_to the aged have left many ol
23、der people alienated and alone. Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than【C8】_them into the homes of the children or grandchildren This【C9】_of the elderly from the young has contributed【C10】_the isolation of an increasingly large segment of society. On the other hand, the
24、re are many older people who【C11】_to live in retirement communities【C12】_they have the companionship of other older people and【C13】_of many recreational and social activities close to home. The【C14】_of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family struct
25、ures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists【C15】_the father, the mother, and the children, is considered “the family“. The extended family, 【C16】_in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and children in law. The【C17】_between the nuclear and
26、 extended family is important【C18】_it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended families the children and parents have【C19】_ties and obligations to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members, 【C20】_intensive contact with relatives, and to establis
27、h communal housing.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.commercialB.financial C.monetaryD.economical解析：解析：根据空格后的“社会保险体系或福利体系”，可推断出为老人提供的是经济上的支持，故 B项 financial“财政的，金融的”正确。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.declineB.shrinkC.decrease D.contract解析：解析：老年人获得了经济支持后，对家庭的依赖固然减少。只有 C 项 decrease“减少”能与dependence(独立)搭配使用，且符合语义。(3).【C3】
28、分数：2.00）A.AccordinglyB.HoweverC.Additionally D.Consequently解析：解析：前一句提及“老年人的财政依赖社会保险体系或福利体系”，而空格后的“老年人可以寻找自己的朋友”是在继续讲述老年人的情况，与前一句之间构成语义递进关系(即 C)，而非因果(即A、D)或转折(即 B)关系，故 C 项 Additionally“另外”正确。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.despiteB.rather than C.overD.instead of解析：解析：“寻找自己的朋友”和“在情感上太依赖于自己的孩子们”在语义上构成鲜明的对比，故 B项 ra
29、ther than“而非”正确。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.timeB.requestC.means D.obligation解析：解析：本句意为“老年活动中心为老人提供了交友的_”，根据常识，“老年活动中心”是老年人聚集在一起活动的地方，因而也能给他们提供交友的“机会”，选项中只有 means“方式”符合语义，因此 C 正确。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.subsequentlyC.however D.furthermore解析：解析：上文所描述的是在一些国家老年人的积极情况，比如社保可以充当主要的财政支持、老年活动中心提供了交友的方式，本句与下一句则
30、是描述美国老年人的情况，由 problem 等消极词汇可看出，本句与上文所描述的在一些国家老年人的情况截然不同、形成很大反差。因此该空格处应表转折关系，故 C项 however“然而”正确。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.degradationB.indifference C.humiliationD.degeneration解析：解析：与该空格相对立的词为 glorification(推崇)，因此空格处的词应具有消极意义。再结合下文的“让许多老年人疏离人群、倍加孤单”，选项中能与该内容呼应的是 B 项 indifference“不关心”，作者用社会对年轻人的推崇来突出社会对老年人的漠不
31、关心。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.integrate B.divideC.agitateD.disturb解析：解析：空格前提及“将家中的老年成员送到养老院中”，这会让老人孤独，语义上消极。rather than 提示下文情况应表示“积极语义”，因此应选具有积极色彩的词，A 项 integrate sthsbinto表示“合并，融合”，符合本句语境。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.selectionB.discriminationC.separation D.prejudice解析：解析：本句中再现了前一句的内容，即这是一种把老年人与年轻人分开的做法，由此可判断 C 项sepa
32、ration“分离，分开”正确。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.to C.forD.with解析：解析：四个选项中，能跟 contribute 搭配的是介词 to，contribute to 意为“促成”，故选B。介词 by，for，,with 都不与 contribute 搭配使用，可排除。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.forceB.imposeC.choose D.hate解析：解析：根据空格后提到的有其他老年人作伴及有一些娱乐及社交活动，可知老年人应该是主动选择居住在这种退休社区。因此选 C 项 choose“选择”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A
33、sinceB.in whereC.where D.which解析：解析：分析句子结构，空格所在句为定语从句，且该从句的主干完整，因此引导词应在句中充当状语，此外，先行词 retirement communities 表示地点，因此选 C 项 where，相当于 in which，故 C 正确。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.convenience B.revivalC.liberationD.luxury解析：解析：根据本句末的 close to home(离家里近)可判断，A 项 convenience“方便”正确。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.entertainme
34、ntB.recreationC.treatment D.amusement解析：解析：根据空格后的 further 一词可知，此处是对上文内容的进一步阐述，上文主要是围绕着对待老年人的不同态度展开的故 C 项 treatment“对待”正确。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inB.of C.withD.into解析：解析：根据该空格前的 consists 及其后的家庭成员可知，此处应表示“由组成”，consist of 可表此义，故 B 正确。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.common B.equalC.averageD.special解析：解析：作者在此意图说明很多其他
35、国家的一种共性，即在很多其他国家中“大家庭”很普遍，故 A项 common“普遍”正确。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.balanceB.selectionC.connectionD.distinction 解析：解析：该空格的前几句是在描述这两种家庭结构的不同，而且 D 项 distinction 对应本段首句中的distinguishing，故 D 为答案。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.because B.whileC.whenD.if解析：解析：空格后面的 it suggests the extent是对前文的解释，所以此处应为 because 引导的原因状语从句，
36、选 A 项 because“因为”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.strong B.weakC.fierceD.violent解析：解析：根据下文的 common 以及不定式结构 to support to establish 可知，孩子与父母及亲戚之间有很亲密的关系和很强的责任感，故 A 项 strong“强烈的”正确。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.havingB.to have C.haveD.had解析：解析：本句的真实主语包含了三个并列不定式成分，to support，to establish，由此可知此处应采用与其他两个成分相同的不定式结构，故 B 项 to
37、have 正确。做题时要注意把握上下文的关系，切勿将其视为伴随状语。Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely【C1】_of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is t
38、he other 【C2】_around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is【C3】_detailed behavior more astonishing than【C4】_any person can ever evolve in individual actions. 【C5】_that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact【C6】_first-rate importance is the 【C7】_role that custom plays in experience
39、 and in belief and the very great varieties it may【C8】_. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it【C9】_by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his【C10】_probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false w
40、ill still have【C11】_to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in【C12】_the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is【C13】_the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tong
41、ue over against those【C14】_of his own baby talk that are【C15】_into the language of his family. 【C16】_one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes no more than an【C17】_and matter-of-fact observation. The【C18】_history of the individual
42、is first and【C19】_an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally【C20】_in his community.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.worthB.worthy C.worthwhileD.rewarding解析：解析：but 后的分句提及“至于习俗呢，只是些司空见惯的行为而已”，意即不值得研究，由转折词 but 可推断空格所在分句表示“大脑内部的活动情况才值得研究”。B 项代入，be worthy of 意为“值得”，符合要求。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.path
43、B.way C.routeD.avenue解析：解析：As a matter of fact(事实上)引出与大众不同的一种观点，the other way around 表示“恰好相反”，符合语义要求，故 B 项 way 正确。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.a number ofB.a great many ofC.a sum ofD.a mass of 解析：解析：此空后的名词 behavior(行为)为不可数名词，因此选 D 项 a mass of“大量”，a mass of后跟不可数名词。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.what B.thatC.whichD.where解析
44、解析：本句对 behavior 及单词 than 之后的内容进行了比较，than 后面的从句缺少了宾语成分，what 可作 evolve 的宾语，故 A 项 what 正确。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.In additionB.ThereforeC.Yet D.Then解析：解析：本句中的 rather trivial aspect 和上句的 more astonishing 显然语义相对立。因此前后句之间为转折关系，故 C 项 Yet“然而”正确。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.inB.of C.atD.to解析：解析：“of+抽象名词”结构相当于形容词，此处用 of 与
45、importance 搭配使用，相当于important“重要的”，故选 B 项。此处意为“最重要的事实是”。其他三项没有这种用法，因而可以排除。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.trivialC.predominant D.inferior解析：解析：根据该空格前的 first-rate importance 可知，此处应指习俗发挥“主要的”作用，只有 C项 predominant“主要的，占主导地位的”合适，故选 C。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.manifest B.illustrateC.revealD.indicate解析：解析：四个选项均具备“显示”之含义
46、A 项 manifest 指非常准确、无误地表明，常用于书面语；B 项 illustrate 多指用实例或插图、图表加以说明；C 项 reveal 多指揭露一直隐藏或隐秘的东西；D 项indicate 常用于表示符号或词语的直接意义。相比之下，A 更符合文意。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.educatedB.edited C.enlightenedD.eased解析：解析：上一句提到，没有人看待世界时不会受外界影响，那么看法有可能是被修正过的，因此 B项 edited“剪辑过的，修正过的”正确。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.religiousB.physicalC.phi
47、losophical D.emotional解析：解析：下文的 concepts of the true and the false(正确和错误的观念)是指“人的是非观”，这属于哲学范畴，因此选 C 项 philosophical“哲学观的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.attributionB.reference C.reflectionD.refreshment解析：解析：上文提到，他也不能超越这些固定模式(he cannot go behind these stereotypes)，意即他需要遵从这些固定模式，而 these stereotypes 跟此处的 particular traditional customs 对应，因此可各处需要填入表示“遵从”含义的词。B 项 reference“参考”代入，have reference to sth表示“参照某物”，符合本句语义要求。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.meltingB.shaping C.wieldingD.welding解析：解析：四个选项中，只有 B 项 shape 意为“塑造”，可与其后的 behavior(行为)搭配使用，故选B。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.as B.becauseC.th
