【考研类试卷】考研英语(完形填空)-试卷61及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(完形填空)-试卷 61 及答案解析(总分:120.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:3,分数:120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States

2、 adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “common law“, or law made by courts【C1】_a monarch or other central governmental 【C2】_ like a legislature. The jury, a【C3】_of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an【C4】_ part of our common-law system. Use of juries to decide case

3、s is a 【C5】_feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 【C6】_the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 【C7】_would be obtained using a judge 【C8】_, as many countries do. 【

4、C9】_ a jury decides cases after “【C10】_“, or discussions among a group of people, the jury“ s decision is likely to have the 【C11】_from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right. Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide【C12】_among 【C13】_ citi

5、zens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government【C14】_that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and【C15】_. Jurors, consisting of 【C16】_numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury. The judge【C17】_to the case【C18】_the selection of j

6、urors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states,【C19】_jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the【C20】_under rules dictated by state law.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.other thanB.rather thanC.more thanD.or rather(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.agency

7、B.organizationC.institutionD.authority(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.panelB.crewC.bandD.flock(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.innateB.intactC.integralD.integrated(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.discriminatingB.distinguishingC.determiningD.diminishing(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.InB.ByC.AfterD.Over(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.thatB.whichC.thanD.as(8).【C8】(分数

8、:2.00)A.alikeB.aloneC.altogetherD.apart(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.IfD.While(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.deliberationsB.meditationsC.reflectionsD.speculations(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.outlineB.outcomeC.inputD.intake(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.argumentsB.controversiesC.disputesD.hostilities(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A

9、.fellowB.individualC.personalD.private(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.assertingB.allegingC.maintainingD.testifying(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.assembledB.evokedC.ralliedD.summoned(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.setB.exactC.givenD.placed(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.allocatedB.allottedC.appointedD.assigned(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.administersB

10、.managesC.overseesD.presides(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.inspectiveB.irrespectiveC.perspectiveD.prospective(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.bodiesB.partiesC.sidesD.unitsThe success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints【C1】_the constru

11、ction of ideal states, such as【C2】_to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected 【C3】_valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato“ s Republic, in【C4】_ the relationship of the individual to the state was 【C5】_out painstakingly without reference to 【C6】_ states or indi

12、viduals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero“s De Re Publica, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in【C7】_. Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it【C8】_religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was【C9】_to have received authority from the g

13、ods, specifically from Jupiter, the “guarantor“ of Rome. All constitutional【C10】_was a method of conferring and administering the【C11】_. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the【C12】_, the family heads who formed the original senate, 【C13】_the religious character necessary to exerc

14、ise authority, because its original function was to【C14】_ the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved【C15】_to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on【C16】_months, and later extending its possession to lower officials.【C17】_the

15、important achievement was to create the idea of continuing【C18】_authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only【C19】_the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous【C20】_, as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.(

16、分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.withB.forC.inD.to(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.temptedB.attractedC.appealedD.transferred(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.onB.forC.asD.about(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.it(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.turnedB.workedC.broughtD.made(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.specialB.specificC.peculiarD.particular(7).【C7】(分数:

17、2.00)A.existenceB.storeC.realityD.mind(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.abandonedB.caughtC.separatedD.involved(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.toldB.heldC.suggestedD.advised(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.tendencyB.procedureC.developmentD.relation(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.authorityB.powerC.controlD.ruling(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.officersB.menC.adm

18、inistratorsD.fathers(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.possessedB.claimedC.assuredD.enforced(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.confirmB.conferC.consultD.consider(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.overB.alongC.onD.about(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.alternateB.differentC.variedD.several(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.AndB.SoC.OrD.But(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.stateB.c

19、ountryC.peopleD.national(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.asB.whenC.ifD.so(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.dimensionB.complexityC.exerciseD.function考研英语(完形填空)-试卷 61 答案解析(总分:120.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:3,分数:120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbe

20、red blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_解析:As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “common law“, or law made by courts【C1】_a monarch or other central governmental 【C2】_ like a legislature. The jur

21、y, a【C3】_of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an【C4】_ part of our common-law system. Use of juries to decide cases is a 【C5】_feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 【C6】_the centuries, many people have believed that

22、 juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 【C7】_would be obtained using a judge 【C8】_, as many countries do. 【C9】_ a jury decides cases after “【C10】_“, or discussions among a group of people, the jury“ s decision is likely to have the 【C11】_from many different people from different ba

23、ckgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right. Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide【C12】_among 【C13】_ citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government【C14】_that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and【C15】_. Juror

24、s, consisting of 【C16】_numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury. The judge【C17】_to the case【C18】_the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states,【C19】_jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the【C20】_under ru

25、les dictated by state law.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.other thanB.rather than C.more thanD.or rather解析:解析:考查逻辑关系。空格前后是两个并列的名词 courts 和 a monarch,所在句子的含义为:“共同法”是由法庭_君主制定。根据常识可知,美国是民主制国家,法律不由君主制定。因此空格处填入的连接词应肯定前者而否定后者,所以正确答案为 Brather than“而不是”,即“法庭而不是君主”。other than 通常用在否定句中,表示排除意义,即“除了”,相当于 except;mo

26、re than 连接名词时除了表示“多于,超过以上”,也可以表示“不仅仅,不只是”,相当于 not only;or rather表示“更确切的说法是”,相当于 more exactly,均不符合题意。(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.agencyB.organizationC.institutionD.authority 解析:解析:考查名词辨析。空格处填入的名词和 governmental 搭配,表示“像立法机关这样的中央政府_”。Dauthority 可表示“有权力做决定或在某个地区有特别责任范围的人们或组织”,即“当局,当权者”。文中 legislature 指“有权制定或修改法律的

27、一群人”,即“立法机关”。因此 D 项为最佳答案。agency 一般指“服务机构,尤其是代理或经销机构”;也可以指(提供特别服务)的政府专门机构,如 the Central Intelligence Agency(美国中央情报局);organization 泛指各种组织、团体和机构;institution 多指“大规模的用于特殊目的的组织”,如 educational institution(教育机构);或者指各种慈善机构和社会福利机构,均不符合题意。(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.panel B.crewC.bandD.flock解析:解析:考查名词辨析。panel 指“一组(给予意见

28、和观点的人)”,如 a panel of experts 专家组;crew 指“(有专门技术的)一组工作人员,一起工作的一群人”;band 指“(因为某种共同的目的而组成且有首领的)一帮人”;flock 指 a crowd,large number of people。而空格所在部分指的是陪审团小组,就被告有罪无罪给出观点的一组人,因此 Apanel 正确。(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.innateB.intactC.integral D.integrated解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。空格所在部分的含义是:陪审团是共同法系统_部分。Cintegral意为“必需的,不可或缺的”,符合语

29、境,为正确答案。innate 意为“天生的,先天的(品质、情感等)”;intact 意为“完整无缺的”;integrated 意为“各部分密切协调的,完整的,综合的”,均不符合题意。(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.discriminatingB.distinguishing C.determiningD.diminishing解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。空格部分填入的形容词作定语修饰 feature,表示“使用陪审团来裁决案件是美国法律系统的一个_特征”。四个选项都是现在分词转换而成的形容词,discriminating 意为“有识别力的;有辨别力的;有鉴赏力的”,如 a discrim

30、inating customer(有鉴赏力的顾客),它不和 feature 搭配;distinguishing 意为“显著的,有区别的”,a distinguishing feature 意为“显著的特征”;determining 意为“决定性的”,如 determining factors(决定因素);diminishing 意为“缩小的,减少的”。下文提到,很少有其他国家像美国一样使用陪审团制度,因此它是美国法律系统的一个较突出的特征,因此 Bdistinguishing 正确。(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.InB.ByC.AfterD.Over 解析:解析:考查介词辨析。in,b

31、y,after 都应与表示具体某个世纪的名词搭配,如 inbyafter the twentieth century(在 20 世纪到 20 世纪20 世纪以后)。over 接时间名词时相当于 during,表示“在期间”,over the centuries 表示“几个世纪以来”,符合语义,故选 DOver。(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.thatB.whichC.than D.as解析:解析:考查逻辑关系。空格前是一个结构完整的句子 juries reach a fairer and more just result,空格后是 would be obtained using a ju

32、dge alone。显然这里包含了一个从句,由空格处的词来连接。前文已经出现了 fairer 和 more just,它们只能和 than 构成比较级。故 Cthan 为正确答案。整个主从句的含义为:在大多数情况下陪审团比单独一位法官达到的结果更公平、公正。that 可代替先行词 result,which 和 as 可代替前面整个句子,但代入后句子意为“陪审团可达到更公平、公正的结果,这个(结果)可单独使用一位法官而达到”,显然不符合逻辑。(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.alikeB.alone C.altogetherD.apart解析:解析:考查副词辨析。Balone 用在名词或代词

33、之后可以表示“唯有、唯独”之意,文中 a judge alone 表示“仅有一名法官”,符合语境,所以正确答案为 B。alike 意为“十分相似地;同样地”;altogether 意为“完全,全部;总共,一共”;apart 意为“分开,分离;除外”,均不符合题意。(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.AlthoughB.Because C.IfD.While解析:解析:考查逻辑关系。逻辑连接词的选择需要分析前后两句话之间的语义关系。“_a jury decides cases after“_”,or discussions among a group ofpeople,”(陪审团裁决案件是在一

34、群人讨论后);“the jurys decision is likely to have the_ from many different people from different backgrounds”(陪审团的决定可能有不同背景的不同人的)根据分析可知,这里应是因果关系,故选 BBecause。Although“虽然”,表让步;If“如果”,表条件;While“当的时候;虽然,尽管”,表时间或让步,均不符合题意。(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.deliberations B.meditationsC.reflectionsD.speculations解析:解析:考查名词辨析。

35、空格处的名词和 discussions 由连词 or 连接,两者形成了平行结构,语义相近,指“一群人的行为”。对比四个选项可知,Adeliberations 和 discussions 同义,常用作复数,意为“商议,审议”,是正确答案。meditation 作不可数名词时,意为“(尤指宗教的)沉思,冥想”,作可数名词时,意为“沉思录”;reflection 作不可数名词时,意为“沉思,审慎的思考”,作可数名词时,意为“思考,回忆”;speculations 指“推测,猜测”,均不符合题意。(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.outlineB.outcomeC.input D.intake

36、解析:解析:考查名词辨析。空格所在句子的意思为:陪审团的决定可能有来自不同背景的不同人的。要填入的单词受到 from many different people from different backgrounds,who must as a group decide what is right 的限定,既然这些人“能够决定事情的对错”,那么他们的决定一定是有影响力的,因此 Cinput 是正确答案,可表示“影响”。outline 意为“概述,略述,轮廓”;outcome 一般指“(事件或行为的)结果,效果”;intake 意为“摄取量,接收人数”,均不符合题意。(12).【C12】(分数:2

37、.00)A.argumentsB.controversiesC.disputes D.hostilities解析:解析:考查名词辨析。空格处填入的名词是动词 decide 的宾语,表示“陪审团用来裁决公民之间发生的_”。Cdisputes 除了指“争论,辩论”,也可指“各方围绕某一问题产生的争端,纠纷”,代入文中指“公民之间的纠纷”,符合文意。故正确答案为 C。argument 指“辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辩论”;controversy 多指“对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的公开的辩论”;hostility作不可数名词时意为“敌意,对抗”,作可数名词时常用复数形式,意为“敌对行为,战

38、争行为”,由于它指具体行为,不与 decide(解决,裁决)搭配,三项均不符合题意。(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.fellowB.individualC.personalD.private 解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。空格所在部分的含义是:民事案件裁决_公民之间的纷争。Dprivate 可表示“与工作或官职无关的,普通的,平民的”,private citizens 指“普通公民”,符合文意。故正确答案为 D。做形容词时,fellow 意为“同类的,同事的,同伴的”,如 fellow citizens指“同胞”;individual 意为“单独的,个别的”,后面只接单数可数名词或不可

39、数名词,如 each individual memberfreedom(每个成员个人自由);personal 意为“个人的,私人的”,不与citizens 搭配,三项均不符合题意。(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.assertingB.alleging C.maintainingD.testifying解析:解析:考查动词辨析。空格处填入的现在分词做定语修饰名词 cases,表示“由政府带来的刑事案件_个人犯罪”。因此关键是辨析几个核心动词。assert 主观意味强,指“明确肯定,断言”,即自认为某事就是如此,而不管事实如何;allege 多指“不提供证据的断言或宣称”;maintai

40、n 指“坚决维护某种主张或观点”;testify 多指“在法庭作证,庄严地宣称自己所说属实”。由于文中提到的案件是在陪审团作出裁决前由政府提出诉讼的案件,因此 Balleging“指控”为正确答案。(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.assembledB.evokedC.ralliedD.summoned 解析:解析:考查动词辨析。空格处填入的过去分词和上文的 selected 并列,表示“陪审团成员被选出并被_”。Dsummoned 指“传唤,传讯(出庭)”,符合文意,为正确答案。assemble 修饰人时表示“召集、集合”;evoke 指“引起,唤起(感情、记忆)”;rally 指“

41、(为了帮助和支持某人或某事)召集、集合”,均不符合题意。(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.set B.exactC.givenD.placed解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。空格所在部分的含义是:陪审团由_人数组成。set 意为“安排好的,确定的,固定的”,文中强调陪审团人数是固定的,因此应选 Aset。exact 意为“精确的,严密的”;given 意为“(事先)已经安排好的,规定的”;placed 意为“有名次的,已获胜的”,均不符合题意。(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.allocatedB.allottedC.appointedD.assigned 解析:解析:考查动词辨析

42、。空格所在部分应填入过去分词作定语,修饰 the judge,其搭配为_the judge to the case。assign 表示“分配(某物),分派(工作、任务)等”时,其搭配是 assign sthto sb;表示“指定,指派;委任,派遣”时,其搭配是 assign sbto sth。放入文中表示“被指派负责案件的法官”,符合文意,故 Dassigned 为正确答案。allocate 意为“分配(给),划(归)”,其搭配是 allocate sthto sb.sth,一般接事物作直接宾语;allot 意为“分配,配给(时间、钱财等);分配(任务)”,其搭配是 allot sthto s

43、bsth,一般也接事物作直接宾语;appoint 意为“任命,委任”,其搭配是 appoint sbtoas sth,但其中 sth一般指的是职位,三项均不符合题意。(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.administersB.managesC.oversees D.presides解析:解析:考查动词辨析。空格处填入的动词的主语是 the judge,其宾语是 the selection of jurors,即表示“法官_陪审团成员的选举”。Coversee 意为“监督,监视(以确保某项工作或活动的恰当完成)”,oversee the elections 表示“监督选举”。由于法官并不

44、直接参与陪审团的选举,因此 Coversee 为正确答案。administer 意为“管理(公司、组织、机构),治理(国家);施行,执行”;manage 表示“管理,负责(公司、球队、组织等)”;preside 是不及物动词,和介词 over 或 at 搭配表示“主持(会议、仪式等);管理”,均不符合题意。(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.inspectiveB.irrespectiveC.perspectiveD.prospective 解析:解析:考查形容词辨析。空格处填入的形容词,修饰 jurors,根据上下文可知,这里表示的含义是“一些州(在选举陪审团成员时),_陪审团成员由法

45、官询问”。inspective 意为“检查的,视察的;留神的”;irrespective 意为“不考虑的,不顾的”;perspective 意为“透视,远景,观点”;prospective 意为“未来的,预期的”。显然 Dprospective 符合文意。(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.bodiesB.parties C.sidesD.units解析:解析:考查名词辨析。空格所在部分表达的含义是:在另一些州,陪审团成员遵照州法律规定的法规接受代表_的律师的询问。四个选项都可以指人的群体。party 指“(条约、会议、诉讼等)当事人,参与者,一方”,符合文意,故答案为 Bparties

46、。body 指“团体,社团,群体”;side 指“辩论或商务安排中的一方”;unit 指“班组,小队”,如 armypolice units(陆军警察分队),均不符合题意。The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints【C1】_the construction of ideal states, such as【C2】_to the Greeks. With very few

47、 exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected 【C3】_valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato“ s Republic, in【C4】_ the relationship of the individual to the state was 【C5】_out painstakingly without reference to 【C6】_ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero“s De Re Publica, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in【C7】_. Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it【C8】_religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was【C9】_to have received authorit

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