1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 72 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_“Poverty“, wrote Aristotle, “is the parent of crime.“ But was he right? Certain
2、ly, poverty and crime are【C1】_. And the idea that a lack of income might drive someone to【C2】_sounds plausible. But research by Amir Sari-aslan casts【C3】_on the chain of causation at least as far as violent crime and the misuse of【C4】_are concerned. Sariaslan consulted the【C5】_collected by Scandinav
3、ian governments which contained information about people“s annual family incomes and criminal【C6】_. In Sweden the age of criminal responsibility is 15, so Sariaslan【C7】_his subjects from the dates of their 15th birthdays【C8】_, for an average of three-and-a-half years. When he looked at families whic
4、h had started poor and got richer, the younger childrenthose born into relative【C9】_were just as likely to misbehave as the elder children. Family income was, in itself not the【C10】_factor. That suggests two【C11】_. One is that a family“s culture, once established, is “【C12】_“ that you can take the k
5、id out of the neighborhood,【C13】_not the neighborhood out of the kid.【C14】_children“s inclination to imitate elder brothers or sisters whom they admire, that sounds【C15】_plausible. The other is that genes which make them susceptible to criminal behavior are common at the【C16】_of society, perhaps bec
6、ause the lack of impulse-control also tends to reduce someone“s earning capacity. Neither of these conclusions is likely to be welcome to【C17】_reformers. They suggest that merely【C18】_people“s incomes will not by itself address questions of bad behavior. Such conclusions will need to be【C19】_by othe
7、rs. If they are confirmed, the fact that they are【C20】_will be no excuse for ignoring them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.opposedB.associatedC.interdependentD.advanced(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.misunderstandingsB.difficultiesC.misdeedsD.attainments(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.doubtB.responsibilityC.lightD.confidence(4)
8、.【C4】（分数：2.00）A.instrumentsB.instructionsC.fortunesD.drugs(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.dictionariesB.recordsC.manualsD.guidebooks(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.lawsB.researchesC.convictionsD.motives(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.arrestedB.sentencedC.interviewedD.tracked(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.onwardsB.backwardsC.upwardsD.outwards(9).【C9】
9、（分数：2.00）A.fitnessB.affluenceC.povertyD.influence(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.relevantB.insignificantC.determiningD.contributing(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.possibilitiesB.explanationsC.solutionsD.samples(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.confusingB.erasableC.unpredictableD.sticky(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.butC.unlessD.if(14).
10、【C14】（分数：2.00）A.GivenB.RespectingC.RegardingD.Including(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.rarelyB.dulyC.perfectlyD.irregularly(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.topB.heartC.coreD.bottom(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.economicB.socialC.educationalD.political(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.topping upB.cutting downC.leveling offD.using up(19).【C19】（分数
11、：2.00）A.conductedB.dispersedC.testedD.marked(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.complementaryB.proficientC.mischievousD.uncomfortableThat orientals and occidentals think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades【C1】_Westerners have a more individualisti
12、c, analytic and abstract【C2】_life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses have been put forward to【C3】_this. One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first obstacle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have【C4】_a collective outlook. A second, that a higher prevalence of【C5
13、】_disease in a place makes contact with【C6】_more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its【C7】_of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea. That【C8】_Thomas Talhelm of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to【C9】_into a third suggestion: that t
14、he crucial difference is【C10】_The West“s staple is wheat; the East“s, rice.【C11】_the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to【C12】_twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat To allocate labor【C13】_, especially at times of planting and【C14】_, rice-growing societies as far【C1
15、5】_as India, Malaysia and Japan all developed【C16】_labor exchanges which let【C17】_rearrange their farms“ schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods.【C18】_until recently, almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would【C
16、19】_a society“s culture and behavior, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to【C20】_their lives.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.denyB.contradictC.negotiateD.suggest(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.physicalB.spiritualC.mentalD.social(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A
17、.explainB.stimulateC.proveD.implement(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.doubtedB.retainedC.discardedD.considered(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.inheritedC.chronicD.infectious(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.strangersB.relativesC.acquaintancesD.spouses(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.situationB.issueC.shareD.problem(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.taughtB.ledC.ev
18、aluatedD.prevented(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.burstB.turnC.divideD.look(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.financialB.agriculturalC.culturalD.social(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.AfterB.DuringC.BeforeD.Since(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.expendB.expandC.saveD.protect(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.perfectlyB.efficientlyC.habituallyD.rapidly(14).【C14】（分数
19、：2.00）A.harvestingB.sowingC.profitingD.investing(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.formulatedB.apartC.unifiedD.controversial(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.correctlyB.separatelyC.expansivelyD.co-operatively(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.officialsB.teachersC.neighborsD.landlords(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.IfC.HenceD.Since(19).【C19】
20、（分数：2.00）A.suppressB.dominateC.selectD.undermine(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.highlightB.complicateC.defineD.purify考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 72 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mar
21、k A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：“Poverty“, wrote Aristotle, “is the parent of crime.“ But was he right? Certainly, poverty and crime are【C1】_. And the idea that a lack of income might drive someone to【C2】_sounds plausible. But research by Amir Sari-aslan casts【C3】_on the chain of causation at least as
22、far as violent crime and the misuse of【C4】_are concerned. Sariaslan consulted the【C5】_collected by Scandinavian governments which contained information about people“s annual family incomes and criminal【C6】_. In Sweden the age of criminal responsibility is 15, so Sariaslan【C7】_his subjects from the d
23、ates of their 15th birthdays【C8】_, for an average of three-and-a-half years. When he looked at families which had started poor and got richer, the younger childrenthose born into relative【C9】_were just as likely to misbehave as the elder children. Family income was, in itself not the【C10】_factor. Th
24、at suggests two【C11】_. One is that a family“s culture, once established, is “【C12】_“ that you can take the kid out of the neighborhood,【C13】_not the neighborhood out of the kid.【C14】_children“s inclination to imitate elder brothers or sisters whom they admire, that sounds【C15】_plausible. The other i
25、s that genes which make them susceptible to criminal behavior are common at the【C16】_of society, perhaps because the lack of impulse-control also tends to reduce someone“s earning capacity. Neither of these conclusions is likely to be welcome to【C17】_reformers. They suggest that merely【C18】_people“s
26、 incomes will not by itself address questions of bad behavior. Such conclusions will need to be【C19】_by others. If they are confirmed, the fact that they are【C20】_will be no excuse for ignoring them.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.opposedB.associated C.interdependentD.advanced解析：解析：根据首句的 Poverty is the
27、 parent of crime(贫穷是犯罪之母)，可推断贫穷与犯罪之间是相互关联的。本句开头的 Certainly 常用于强调所说内容属实或某事是具有积极语义的，下文也提及这种想法昕上去很合理。因此，此处对于主题中所提的贫穷与犯罪之间有着基本的关联是较为确定的，故选B 项 associated“有关联的”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.misunderstandingsB.difficultiesC.misdeeds D.attainments解析：解析：此处需要一个名词，来表述低收入引发的后果。句中 the idea 与文中首句提及的“贫穷乃犯罪之母”呼应。因此，空格与 crime
28、“犯罪”具有相近含义，故选 C 项 misdeed“犯罪，罪行”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.doubt B.responsibilityC.lightD.confidence解析：解析：上文均是对主题的肯定(Certainly，sounds plausible)，此处转折连词 But 的使用说明本句是否定的观点。A 项 doubt“怀疑”表示否定态度，cast doubt on 表示“对提出疑问”，符合语境。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.instrumentsB.instructionsC.fortunesD.drugs 解析：解析：句中 and 连接两个并列成分，与“暴力
29、犯罪”并列的应是犯罪的一种。因此应选 D 项，misuse of drugs 意为“吸毒”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.dictionariesB.records C.manualsD.guidebooks解析：解析：此处需要一个名词对萨里艾斯兰所查阅的内容进行总结。根据下文的说明(由政府收集的，含有人们家庭年收人水平以及犯罪的等方面的信息)。我们可推断出这是一个记载有人们各种基本信息的 record“档案”，故选 B。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.lawsB.researchesC.convictions D.motives解析：解析：在下文对调查进行详细描述时，研究者分析
30、了受试者的犯罪情况(as likely to misbehave ascriminal behavior)。因此可推断，研究者们所依据的资料中包含相关的 criminal convictions“刑事定罪”的信息。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.arrestedB.sentencedC.interviewedD.tracked 解析：解析：此处需要一个动词表明萨里艾斯兰对调查对象(subjects)所做的事情。下文提及调查的开始时间并强调调查持续三年半。因此可推断出：萨里艾斯兰对调查对象进行了跟踪调查。故选 D 项tracked“追踪”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.onward
31、s B.backwardsC.upwardsD.outwards解析：解析：上文提及在瑞典，承担刑事责任的起始年龄是 15 岁，因此，研究者进行有关犯罪的调查时所关注的年龄段应是 15 岁之后。故选 A 项 onwards“从以后”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.fitnessB.affluence C.povertyD.influence解析：解析：此处需要一个名词表示相对年幼的孩子出生时的家境。上文提及的研究对象是由穷变富的家庭。相对于他们的兄姐，年幼的孩子出生的时候，家境应该是相对富裕的。因此，答案为与 rich 呼应的B 项 affluence“富裕”。(10).【C10】（分
32、数：2.00）A.relevantB.insignificantC.determining D.contributing解析：解析：上文提及生活在不同收入环境下的孩子们同样地可能会犯罪(as likely to misbehave as)，由此可推断出收入的不同并不是影响犯罪的最主要因素。故选表示“最主要的”的 C 项 determining“决定性的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.possibilities B.explanationsC.solutionsD.samples解析：解析：末段提及“如果这种结论真的被证实”，这暗示此处所提及的结论是没有经过证实的，即只是研究者提出
33、的一些“推测”。因此应选具有“未经证实的推测”语义的 A 项 possibilities“可能性”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.confusingB.erasableC.unpredictableD.sticky 解析：解析：此处需要一个形容词对“家庭文化”进行描述。下文提及“孩子们身上的社区印记很难消除”，强调的是“家庭文化”影响的持久性或不易脱除性，故选 D 项 sticky“粘的”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.but C.unlessD.if解析：解析：上文的 you can take the kid out of the neighborho
34、od 与下文的 not the neighborhood out of the kid 具有相反的语义，故选表转折的 B 项 but“但是”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.Given B.RespectingC.RegardingD.Including解析：解析：下文提及的“孩子喜欢效仿他们所崇拜的哥哥或姐姐”强调周围的人和环境对孩子们的影响它与上文提及的观点“孩子们身上的社区印记很难消除”吻合的。作者在对此观点进行判断时，是以“孩子喜欢效仿他们所崇拜的哥哥或姐姐”为评判依据的。故选具有“将纳入考虑”语义的 A 项given“考虑到”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.ra
35、relyB.dulyC.perfectly D.irregularly解析：解析：that 指代上句提及的观点“孩子们身上的社区印记很难消除”。句中提及的信息“孩子喜欢效仿他们所崇拜的兄姊”与“孩子们身上的社区印记很难消除”均强调环境对人的影响。即：此信息能很好地印证上句的观点。故选表示积极语义倾向的 C 项，perfectly plausible“非常合理的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.topB.heartC.coreD.bottom 解析：解析：此处需要一个名词构成词组表示犯罪基因普遍存在的阶层。在 because 引导的原因状语从句中提及了“也许正是无法控制冲动降低了他们
36、赚钱的能力”。据此可推断出此处提及的是收入低的社会阶层。因此选 D 项，at the bottom of society 意为“下层社会”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.economicB.social C.educationalD.political解析：解析：下文提及“仅仅人们的收入是不能解决犯罪问题的”，犯罪问题属于社会问题。因此，这些改革者应属于 social reformers“社会改革者”，故选 B 项。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.topping up B.cutting downC.leveling offD.using up解析：解析：上文提及“生活在
37、富裕环境下的孩子们同样地可能会犯罪”，可推断仅仅是收入的改善也不能解决犯罪的问题，故选 A 项 top up“提高”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.conductedB.dispersedC.tested D.marked解析：解析：下文提及的“如果它们被证实了”提示我们这些结论没有经过证实，还需要别人来检验证明。故选 C 项 test“检验”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.complementaryB.proficientC.mischievousD.uncomfortable 解析：解析：根据上文的“这两个结论都不受社会改革者的待见”，可推断这两种结论给人的感觉都是
38、消极的。故选 D 项 uncomfortable“不舒服的”。That orientals and occidentals think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades【C1】_Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract【C2】_life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses have been put
39、 forward to【C3】_this. One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first obstacle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have【C4】_a collective outlook. A second, that a higher prevalence of【C5】_disease in a place makes contact with【C6】_more dangerous, and causes groups to turn i
40、nward, is hardly better. Europe has had its【C7】_of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea. That【C8】_Thomas Talhelm of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to【C9】_into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is【C10】_The West“s staple is wheat; the East“s, rice.【C11】_the me
41、chanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to【C12】_twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat To allocate labor【C13】_, especially at times of planting and【C14】_, rice-growing societies as far【C15】_as India, Malaysia and Japan all developed【C16】_labor exchanges which let【C17】_rearr
42、ange their farms“ schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods.【C18】_until recently, almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would【C19】_a society“s culture and behavior, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, whe
43、n most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to【C20】_their lives.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.denyB.contradictC.negotiateD.suggest 解析：解析：本句主语是 psychological studies(心理学的研究)，下文提及内容(Westerners havea morelife than do East Asians)是研究的具体结论。因此，答案应为表“揭示”心理学研究具体内容的动词。D 项 suggest“表明”符合要求。(2).【C2】（
44、分数：2.00）A.physicalB.spiritualC.mental D.social解析：解析：空格前的“个人主义的”、“擅长分析的”和“抽象的”提示本文讨论东西方人“思维”方式的不同，故选 C 项 mental“思维的”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.explain B.stimulateC.proveD.implement解析：解析：作者在下文分析三种假说时，提出“现代化发展促进了个人主义”、“疾病使得当地族群变得内向”和“关键的差异在于”。三者均试图解释东西方出现不同的原因。故提出假说的目的是为了“解释”，选 A 项 explain。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.
45、doubtedB.retained C.discardedD.considered解析：解析：上文提及第一种假说：现代化发展促进了个人主义。但在解释时提及这种假说遇到了障碍：日本。可推断，日本的情况与这种假说情况不符。即日本的人生观应是与“个人主义”相反的“保持了集体主义的观念”，故选 B 项 retain“保留”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.minorB.inheritedC.chronicD.infectious 解析：解析：下文在欧洲与亚洲进行比较时提及 plagues(瘟疫)，plagues 是一种传染病，因此，第二种假说中提及的病应是具有传染性的，故选 D 项 infect
46、ious“传染的”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.strangers B.relativesC.acquaintancesD.spouses解析：解析：句中提及“某种病的肆虐导致当地族群变得内向(turn inward)”。这种病能让一个群体变得内向说明它阻碍了本群体与外界的交流。故选与外界相关的 A 项 strangers“陌生人”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.situationB.issueC.share D.problem解析：解析：根据空格后的 probably more than either Japan or Korea(可能比日本或韩国都多)，可推断出欧洲的瘟疫
47、还是有很多的。因此，应选表示“有一定份量”的 C 项 share。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.taughtB.led C.evaluatedD.prevented解析：解析：上文提及两种假说均不成立，下文提及第三种假说。故推断，对前两者的否定促使人们关注到第三种假说。故选表“引出某种结果”的 B 项 led。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.burstB.turnC.divideD.look 解析：解析：上文提及对前两种假设的否定，下文则提及对第三种假设的具体分析。因此推断，此处人们将对第三种假设进行研究，故选表示“研究”的 D 项 look into“调查”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.financialB.agricultural C.culturalD.social解析：解析：下文提及具体差异时指出“西方的主食是小麦，东方是水稻”。其中提及的两种农作物均提示这种差异是与农业相关的。因此选 B 项 agricultural“农业的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.AfterB.DuringC.Before D.Since解析：解析：下文提及种水稻的人们需要以交换劳动力(labor exchanges)的方式完成劳作。推断这种方式是以人力为主的应出现在机械化之前。故选 C
