1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 72 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The Federal Trade Commission pushed forward application developers to take steps to protect consumer privacy. 【B1】_, many consumers
2、 seem to be already taking steps to【B2 】_their personal information from data-grabbing apps.A study by the Pew Research Center found that among American adults who use smart-phone apps, half had decided not to【B3】_applications on their mobile phones because they【B4 】 _too much personal information.
3、And one in five turned off【B5】_tracking “ because they were【B6】_that other individuals or companies could【B7】_that information. “ A customers whereabouts can be【B8】_valuable to marketers trying to sell their wares, or government authorities trying to keep【B9】_on citizens movements.The study seems to
4、 suggest a(n) 【B10】_awareness of digital privacy. And it【B11 】_a common sense that the generation of young Americans who have grown up in the Internet age lightly share their personal【B12 】_. Mobile phone users between ages 18 and 29 were equally likely to【 B13】_an application because of privacy con
5、cerns as older Americans,【B14】_the younger group was more likely to use applications in the first place.The increase of mobile apps has lately given【B15】_to administrative observation. In California, the state attorney generals office has persuaded many of the largest companies that distribute appli
6、cations on their【B16】_to make sure that their privacy【B17】_are clearly displayed. The F. T. C. , which is【B18】_for enforcing consumer rights, concluded that applications directed at children were not【B19 】_clear about how they used the data they collected. The commission published its proposals for
7、application developers;【B20】_other things, it suggested that companies seek their customers “express agreement“ for data they collect and share.1 【B1 】（A）Hence（B） Meanwhile（C） Yet（D）But2 【B2 】（A）entitle（B） guard（C） implement（D）justify3 【B3 】（A）acquire（B） install（C） set（D）settle4 【B4 】（A）demanded（B）
8、analyzed（C） captured（D）examined5 【B5 】（A）district（B） setting（C） location（D）territory6 【B6 】（A）accustomed（B） concerned（C） predicted（D）scared7 【B7 】（A）access（B） manipulate（C） evaluate（D）deprive8 【B8 】（A）approximately（B） moderately（C） extremely（D）hardly9 【B9 】（A）connections（B） touch（C） tabs（D）restricti
9、ons10 【B10 】（A）beneficial（B） deepening（C） noticeable（D）weakening11 【B11 】（A）embodies（B） excludes（C） challenges（D）contradicts12 【B12 】（A）portraits（B） details（C） skeleton（D）points13 【B13 】（A）handle（B） neglect（C） decline（D）prohibit14 【B14 】（A）therefore（B） provided（C） still（D）although15 【B15 】（A）push（B）
10、 prompt（C） rise（D）impetus16 【B16 】（A）stages（B） platforms（C） balconies（D）stands17 【B17 】（A）courses（B） programs（C） policies（D）procedures18 【B18 】（A）capable（B） responsible（C） compatible（D）advisable19 【B19 】（A）accordingly（B） eventually（C） sufficiently（D）undoubtedly20 【B20 】（A）among（B） under（C） beyond（D）
11、uponPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes? Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensor
12、s. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestionif only they had access to this inform
13、ation.And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System(VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid i
14、t. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy.Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of severa
15、l firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operators network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are “handed off“ from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up
16、 to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr Schrier.Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washington, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users re
17、gister their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. E
18、ric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily.A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns driv
19、ers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firms boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangles traffic fo
20、recasts for the coming week. 21 To know what is exactly happening on the roads, we dont need to_.（A）dispatch aircraft to spot the traffic（B） guarantee drivers have access to the information system（C） obtain related reports of accident（D）collect data of the positions of buses22 Honda is mentioned in
21、the second paragraph to suggest that_.（A）Traffic Message Channel is established in Japan（B） Japan is in the lead in solving traffic problems（C） Honda demonstrated how VICS can be used（D）Only few people can afford to enjoy this service23 The use of mobile-phone signals in monitoring traffic is_.（A）mo
22、nopolized by ITIS, a British company（B） promising but still under experiment（C） based on the data from people on roads（D）effective in reducing traffic speeds24 JamBayes is different from the previously mentioned technologies as it_.（A）helps the drivers to choose the fastest lane（B） send information
23、to cars in the system（C） is based on a technique modeling to combine various data（D）helps the drivers to avoid congestion25 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）Traffic jam remains unavoidable worldwide（B） Traffic forecasts will become as authoritative as the weather forecasts（C） There is al
24、ways a short cut by using one of these systems（D）New systems will improve the transportation situation25 There is nothing like the joy of finding out that something sinful is actually good for you, whether its sex, chocolate or a glass of fine red wineor, for that matter, beer, whisky or a satisfyin
25、g aperitif. Weve long heard exciting hints that red wine has unique benefits for the heart. But the same sunny reputation for heart health is now starting to shine on all liquor. “ No matter where you look, the dominant alcoholic beverage is beneficialwhether its red wine in France and Italy, sake i
26、n Japan or beer in Germany,“ says Dr. Walter Willett, chair of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health.This has led researchers to an inescapable conclusion. As healthful as components of red wine may be, the primary benefit must come from ethanol itself. In short, its the alcohol, stupid.
27、But dont go overboard. Protection comes only with light to moderate intaketwo drinks a day for men or a miserly one a day for women.The major benefit of alcohol seems to come from its ability to boost levels of HDL, the good cholesterol that helps keep arteries clear of plaque. Ethanol does that by
28、signaling the liver to make more of a substance called Apo Al, the major protein in HDL. The effects can be striking. “Depending on the individual, you can get increases of 10 to 30 percent in HDL in a week,“ says Harvard epidemiologist Eric Rimm. Alcohol also makes blood less sticky and less likely
29、 to form clots that cause heart attacks and strokes. It also appears to have mild anti-inflammatory effects. And it enhances insulin sensitivitywhich may explain why moderate alcohol consumption correlates with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes.But alcohol is a dietary Jekyll and Hyde. Heavy inta
30、ke can raise blood pressure, increase irregular heartbeat, and lead to heart failure. The most sobering news concerns cancer. A recent analysis of 156 studies found that as alcohol intake increases, so do risks of tumors in the mouth, and liver. Even moderate drinking can boost breast-cancer risk a
31、small amount.Is moderate drinking worth the risks? For some peoplepregnant women, people with liver disease or a history of alcoholismthe answer is no. But for most of us, the benefits will probably outweigh the hazards. Whether you sip wine, beer or spirits, your heart may thank you. 26 According t
32、o Dr. Walter Willett, for good health, people could drink_.（A）only red-wine（B） beer（C） some whisky（D）any alcohol27 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.（A）alcohol can lower the risk of plaque in arteries（B） some components of wine is bad for health（C） chocolate is good for health（D）alcohol can
33、be used as medicine28 By using the word “correlates“(Line 7, Paragraph 3), the author implies that_.（A）drinking alcohol might cause diabetes（B） both types of diabetes are related to alcohol consumption（C） drinking alcohol is good for people with diabetes（D）drinking alcohol might lower the risk of di
34、abetes29 By “alcohol is a dietary Jekyll and Hyde“(Line 1,Paragraph 4), the author means_.（A）drinking alcohol can be of both advantage and disadvantage（B） alcohol is necessary for daily diet（C） Jekyll and Hyde is a brand of alcohol（D）drinking alcohol can also be very dangerous30 What can we get from
35、 the last paragraph?（A）People can drink alcohol in a moderate way.（B） Alcohol is good for heart health.（C） Pregnant women can only intake very few alcohol.（D）Alcohol is beneficial to most people.30 Scientists Johan Feenstra and Rob Hayes think theyve figured out how a process called electrowetting c
36、an make paper that can do anything a videoscreen does. So far, though, all theyve got to show for their efforts is a tiny piece of e-paper one centimeter squareonly 225 pixels, or picture elements. That wont be nearly enough for headlines and news videos. The only hint of the technologys potential i
37、s a laptop presentation the inventors have set up. It features Professor Snape, Harry Potters teacher, holding an electronic newspaper with an embedded video clip. “ Thats what we want,“ says Hayes.Theyre likely to get it. Late last month in Tokyo, Sony took an important leap in this direction by in
38、troducing Librie, an e-book reader. Although its available only in black and white, Librie has the most important characteristic of paper: it reflects natural light. That means it can be read on sunny days or viewed from any angle. You can even choose your own font size. Is this finally the beginnin
39、g of the end of paper?The answer is closer to “yes“ than you may think. The holdup so far has been user-unfriendly screens, but now e-paper no longer relies on back-lit displays. A reflective display is easy on the eyes, with twice the contrast of computer screens and up to six times the brightness.
40、 It uses power only when changing the page, so a battery can last 300 hours. Several firms are competing for leadership. The Philips display on Librie uses technology from Massachusetts-based E-Ink Corp. An electric charge moves either black or white capsules to the surface of the page in patterns t
41、hat form images. Gyricon Media uses rotating balls with one black side and one white side for signs and billboards. Other companies are focusing on improvements in liquid-crystal displays. The next challenge is to add color. One option for books would be a simple color filter, but that would block t
42、wo thirds of the light. Guofu Zhou, who runs the E-Ink project for Philips, thinks products with colored ink can be ready for the market within seven years. Hes now focusing on e-paper that can display 16 or more gradations of gray, which would come in handy in medical imaging or to display black-an
43、d-white photographs at home.Labs around the world are also racing to design a robust yet flexible backing. Philips researchers are working on a technology for laminating E-Ink on a plastic layer instead of glass, which would then roll into a pen-sized tube. A flexible product for mobile phones and d
44、igital cameras can be ready in three to five years. 31 What scientists Johan Feenstra and Rob Hayes did was that_.（A）they made an electronic newspaper（B） they created a piece of videoscreen-like paper（C） they made a tiny piece of primitive e-paper（D）they invented the electrowetting technology32 The
45、greatest advance that Librie has is that_.（A）it is about the size of a paperback（B） it will be a great success in market（C） it works just like a real book（D）it equals many books in content33 “The answer is closer to yes“(Line 1, Paragraph 3)because_.（A）the back-lit displays is already sophisticated（
46、B） the Philips display has the latest E-Ink technology（C） Gyricon Media has rotating balls technology（D）the technology barrier is about to be removed34 Guofu Zhou would probably agree that_.（A）adding a color filter will be a simple solution（B） colored ink remains a tough problem（C） e-paper will be a
47、dopted both in the office and at home（D）the obstacle now is the user-unfriendly screens35 According to the passage, it is possible that e-paper_.（A）will soon be commercialized and within reach（B） will be printed on paper with E-Ink（C） will replace the traditional paper（D）will be made of plastic laye
48、r instead of glass35 “ My very educated mother just served us nine pizzas. “ Many American school children are taught this sentence to help them remember the order of the planets of the solar system. Soon though, this may change because, on July 29th, a team of astronomers announced the discovery of
49、 a very distant celestial body larger than Pluto. The researchers claim that the new bodywhich they are informally calling Xenashould be classified as a planet.The new bodytemporarily named 2003 UB313orbits the Sun once every 560 years. It is currently over 14 billion kilometres away, about three times farther out than Pluto, making it the most distant object ever discovered
